高考英语概要写作专项训练（含解析）
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概要写作
1．阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Have you had a headache during a test Have you ever been so worried about something that you have a headache or even can’t sleep at night If so, then you know what stress is.
Stress is what you feel when you are worried about something. This worry in your mind can make your body feel bad. You may feel angry, sad, scared, or afraid——all of which can give you a stomachache or a headache.
However, there are different kinds of stress. Some kinds of stress are good and others are bad.
Good stress might happen when you’re called to answer questions in class or when you have to give a speech. This kind of stress can help you to get things better done. For example, you may do a better job on your test if the stress pushes you to prepare better before the test. On the other hand, bad stress can happen if the stress lasts too long. You may not feel well if your parents are fighting, if a family member is sick, if you’re having problems at school, or if anything else makes you unhappy every day. That kind of stress isn’t going to help you. And it can actually make you sick.
The best way to fight the stress is to have a balanced life. Make sure you keep yourself in mind: Sleep, Exercise, Leisure, and Food. If you get enough sleep and eat properly, and if you exercise and leave time for fun, you’ll probably feel less stressed.
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2．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage with no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Sue and Johnsy are friends and they live in one studio.
But Johnsy kept her bed. The doctor thought there was uncertain hope and he couldn’t see any confidence in Johnsy.
At the same time, Johnsy lay on the bed, looking through the small window and counted “10、9” and “8、7......” She said feebly. When the last leaf fell she must go.
Sue heard that and felt sad. She went to invite old Behrman, who was a painter with no achievement. And he always talked of his coming masterpiece.
Behrman heard the story of Johnsy from Sue.
After the beating rain and fierce wind that had endured through the night, there was still one leaf. And another terrible night, it was still here. Johnsy lay for a long time looking at it. Then she saw the life’s energy and wanted to live.
With the help of doctor and Sue, Johnsy was out of danger. But the bad news was that the old Behrman died of pneumonia. And they knew the secret that the last leaf was just a painting, drew by Behramn in that terrible night.
This is really a beautiful and sorrowful story. We can give other people energy, hope and love. You can see something glittering in our heart.
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3．阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Read the following passage and summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage with no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Editors of newspapers and magazines often go to extremes to provide their readers with unimportant facts and statistics. Last year a journalist had been instructed by a well-known magazine to write an article on the president's palace in a new African republic. When the article arrived, the editor read the first sentence and then refused to publish it. The article began: 'Hundreds of steps lead to the high wall which surrounds the president's palace.' The editor at once sent the journalist a fax instructing him to find out the exact number of steps and the height of the wall.
The journalist immediately set out to obtain these important facts, but he took a long time to send them. Meanwhile, the editor was getting impatient, for the magazine would soon go to press. He sent the journalist two urgent telegrams, but received no reply. He sent yet another telegram informing the journalist that if he did not reply soon he would be fired. When the journalist again failed to reply, the editor reluctantly published the article as it had originally been written. A week later, the editor at last received a telegram from the journalist. Not only had the poor man been arrested, but he had been sent to prison as well. However, he had at last been allowed to send a cable in which he informed the editor that he had been arrested while counting the 1084 steps leading to the 15-foot wall which surrounded the president's palace.
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4．Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
AI is making applying for Jobs even more miserable
Job interviews are rarely fun, especially when you young. I will never forget the opening question in my first interview for the Financial Times graduate trainee scheme: “So, apart from the week before your interview, do you ever actually read the FT ”
Young people today face a different but no less intimidating challenge. They find themselves smiling anxiously into their laptop webcams(摄像头), answering question as a time ticks down with no human to interact with at all
Large employers are using these “asynchronous(非共时的)video interviews”(AVIs)to cut down job applicants to a smaller number they can meet in person. Platforms such as Hire Vue and Modern Hire record applicants answering pre-determined questions, usually with a time limit for each answer. In some cases, the recordings will be watched by the employer's hiring managers. In others, the platform's algorithms(算法)will assess the candidate based on what they said or even their facial expressions.
AVIs are increasingly common. These interviews can be done cheaply and at scale: one grocery chain in the US was gathering as many as 15,000 per day during the pandemic, according to Hire Vue. The platforms say the process is fairer and less biased than human recruiters, leading to better and more diverse candidates making the cut.
But employers need to pay more attention to how the process affects prospective employees. Researchers at the University of Sussex Business School, in association with the Institute for Employment Studies, have warned that young job-seekers feel confused, de-humanised and exhausted by automated recruitment systems.
Jimeet Romen Shah, who is in his final year at the University of Sussex, has done seven or so AVIs in the past two years. He tries to “make eye contact” with the camera but finds it hard not to watch his own face on the screen. He worries that if he glances down or up it will look like he is reading notes. “It does feel robotic,” he says. In most cases, he wasn't able to review the videos and wasn't told if a human or a machine would judge him. He has never received detailed feedback after a rejection.
After all, an interview is a company's first real interaction with prospective employees, some of whom it will want to hire. It should be a chance for both sides to learn about each other.
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5．Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Public Opinion Counts
Modbury is a typical small town of the south of England with a population of about 1,600. Typical, that is, apart from the fact that there are no plastic carrier bags in the town. None. Plastic bags have been well and truly dumped!
The removal of the plastic bags was the brainchild of Rebecca Hosking, Modbury resident and documentary-maker. Filming a documentary in the Pacific Ocean, Rebecca was horrified at the effects of plastic bags on the wildlife off Hawaii. Among other things, she saw seabirds fatally trapped in plastic bags that don’t biodegrade. When Rebecca returned to her hometown, she discussed this problem with people, including the shopkeepers and everyone supported her suggestion to make the town plastic bag free.
But for Rebecca’s concept, Modbury would still be an unremarkable little place. Now, however, shoppers take re-usable cotton bags shopping with them, or they buy biodegradable corn starch ones on the shops. The shopkeepers now wrap their goods in paper. To prove that the townsfolk are not only committed to reducing plastic waste, they organised a mass beach clean-up last year. Dozens of volunteers came to the beach on the appointed day to clean it up, taking the rubbish that visitors throw away and recycling it. And the greatest part of that rubbish was... no, not plastic bags, but plastic bottles.
Becoming the first town in Europe to ban plastic bags, Modbury is now harvesting the rewards of fame — reporters and camera crews from newspapers and TV channels across the world are coming to this mild town to find out its secret. And, contrary to some of the initial reports, it is a normal town, trying to live life in a slightly different way. As one resident put it. “We’re ordinary people, but we want to make just a little difference.”
6．Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Unshellfish love
Amid a slump in tourism, one national park in Thailand has seen a dramatic rise in visitors. So numerous are the hermit crabs thronging the otherwise empty beaches of Koh Lanta that shells for them to live in have become a scarce commodity. The Thai government moved quickly to ease the housing shortage, launching a public appeal for empty shells that netted over 200 kg. On December 5th these were distributed around the park in a ceremony marking the birthday of the late king, Bhumibol Adulyadej.
Hermit crabs rely on discarded shells to protect their soft bodies, moving to larger shells as they grow. On Koh Lanta and the surrounding smaller islands, their rapid increase seems to be a natural phenomenon, rather than directly related to the absence of tourists. But the shortage of shells may be man-made; pretty ones have long been gathered to be sold as souvenirs. Crabs had begun to make do with potential death-traps such as plastic caps and bottles.
The shell drive was part of a government initiative to “restore the balance of nature”. “I have instructed all national parks to do whatever it takes,” says Varawut Silpa-archa, the minister for natural resources. His inspiration comes from the hiatus (间歇、空隙) in tourism brought on by covid-19. A ban on international visitors and the closure of national parks have helped nature rebound, bringing black-tipped reef sharks back into Thai waters and endangered leatherback turtles back onto Thai beaches. In the coastal provinces of Phang Nga and Phuket, turtles have laid the largest number of eggs for 20 years.
The government has decided to try to mimic the respite (暂缓、休息) forced on it by the coronavirus in future. From now on, all national parks will be required to close for part of the off-season and to limit the number of tourists through a reservation system when they are open. Although such restrictions mean reduced earnings from tourism in the short term, in the longer run more pristine (原始的、未开发的) parks may help to keep the tourists coming.
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7．Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
How Setting a Schedule Can Make You Less Productive
It can seem like there’s never enough time - not enough for sleep and not enough for play, and not enough for exercise.
There’s a relatively new term to describe this feeling: time famine, or the sensation of having too much to do without enough time to do it.
To structure what little time we feel we have, one strategy is scheduling. The idea is that scheduling will make us more efficient. But scheduling can sometimes backfire and actually make us less productive. In one study, attendees of an academic conference were asked whether they would go to the presidential address taking place about an hour later. Some said they would, and others said they wouldn’t. Those who planned to attend the address reported the hour leading up to it felt shorter. So the presence of an upcoming activity seems to have shrunk how much time people felt they had.
Why might this happen It’s believed that when there’s an appointment coming, we direct our attention to it, whether it’s mentally preparing for it or simply dreading it. This makes the future appointment feel more substantial (重大的); as a result, the time interval leading up to the scheduled activity feels limited and insufficient. Time famine may partly lies in our own perception of what we feel can be done with the time we have.
But you still have the same amount of time leading up to a scheduled event, so time famine shouldn’t really matter, right But it does. This feeling by itself can influence what people decide to do. When something is scarce, people consider it more valuable and are less willing to part with it. The same is true for time. If time feels limited, people are less likely to use it - even when it’s in their best interest.
If you love scheduling and planning out your days, a trick could be to schedule events or tasks back-to-back (连续地), which leaves you with larger amounts of unscheduled time. Several uninterrupted hours of unscheduled time will feel longer, especially if there’s nothing scheduled coming.
8．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Super Size Me
Fast food, otherwise known as junk food, is a huge passion for a large number of people across the Western world. But what would happen if you ate lots of junk food, every day Would it seriously damage your health These were the questions which led Morgan Spurlock, an independent film-maker, to do an experiment, which he made into a documentary film entitled Super Size Mc.
The main basis of his experiment was that Spurlock promised to cat three McDonald’s meals a day, every day, for a month. He could only eat food from McDonald’s and every time an employee asked if he would like to “super size” the meal, he had to agree. “Super sizing” refers in to fact that with this type of meal you get a considerable larger portion of everything.
Spurlock knew that by eating three McDonald’s meals a day, he would consume a lot of fat and great deal of salt and sugar in each meal - much more than he needed. Although Spurlock knew he would put on a bit of weight, and that this diet was unhealthy, he wasn’t quite prepared for just how unhealthy it turned out to be. The changes in this body were horrifying in the first week, he put on 4.5 kilos and by the end of the thirty days he had gained nearly 14 kilos, bringing his total weight to a massive 98kg.
Spurlock says “I’d love people to walk out of the movie and say, ‘Next time I’m not going to “super size”. Maybe I’m not going have any junk food at all. I’m going to sit down and eat dinner with my kids, with the TV off, so that we can eat healthy food, talk about what we’re eating and have a relationship with each other.” Food for though indeed.
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9．阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Punishing children is a controversial topic.Everybody has different opinions about how to act to correct a child's behavior.Parents，teachers，doctors，and specialists such as psychologists，have disagreements about whether it is good for a child's education to punish him or her.
The word “punish” means different things to different people.Punishment can be physical or emotional.Physical punishment is when the parent hits，slaps or spanks the child.
On the other hand，emotional punishment is when the parent，in order to educate the child，doesn't let him or her watch TV，go to play with his or her friends，or the like.The parent doesn't teach him or her，but still he or she punishes the child.
Although many surveys and studies have been made about what the correct way is to raise a child，nobody knows the answer or the truth.I think it will be very difficult to find the answer or get people to agree.
I think the parents should love their child and give him or her the best education，but at the same time，they should punish the child if he or she deserves it.I think if you love your child，you should be rational when you apply the punishment.It should be reasonable but strict.
The parents' goal is to have in the future a good man or woman in society，so sometimes you should do what is necessary to get your child to behave well.
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10．概要写作
Is Fridge Really Necessary
The fridge is considered necessary. It has been so since the 1960s when packaged food list appeared with the label: “Store in the refrigerator.”
In my fridgeless Fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily. The milkman came daily, the grocer, the butcher, the baker, and the ice-cream man delivered two or three times a week. The Sunday meat would last until Wednesday and surplus (剩余) bread and milk became all kinds of cakes. Nothing was wasted, and we were never troubled by rotten food. Thirty years on, food deliveries have ceased, fresh vegetables are almost unobtainable in the country.
The invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation. A vast way of well-tried techniques already existed -natural cooling, drying, smoking, salting, sugaring, bottling….
What refrigeration did promote was marketing-marketing hardware and electricity, marketing soft drinks, marketing dead bodies of animals around the globe in search of a good price.
Consequently, most of the world's fridges are to be found, not in the tropics where they might prove useful, but in the wealthy countries with mild temperatures where they are climatically almost unnecessary. Every winter, millions of fridges hum(嗡嗡响) away continuously, and at vast expense, busily maintaining an artificially-coo1ed space inside an artificially-heated house -while outside, nature provides the desired temperature free of charge.
The fridge's effect upon the environment has been evident, while its contribution to human happiness has been insignificant. If you don't believe me, try it yourself, invest in a food cabinet and turn off your fridge next winter. You may miss the hamburgers, but at least you'll get rid of that terrible hum.
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1．When you are worried about something, you may feel stress which can make your body feel bad. However, there are both good and bad stress. Good stress can help you do things better, while bad stress results from lasting too long can make you sick. Having a balanced life can help you feel less stressed.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，当你担心某事时，你可能会感到压力，这会让你的身体感觉不好。然而，压力有好有坏。好的压力可以帮助你把事情做得更好，而持续太久的不好的压力会让你生病。平衡的生活可以帮助你减轻压力。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①Stress is what you feel when you are worried about something. This worry in your mind can make your body feel bad.
②However, there are different kinds of stress. Some kinds of stress are good and others are bad.
③Good stress might happen when you’re called to answer questions in class or when you have to give a speech. This kind of stress can help you to get things better done. On the other hand, bad stress can happen if the stress lasts too long.
④The best way to fight the stress is to have a balanced life.
2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3、4三个要点进行分说。
3.遣词造句
When you are worried about something, you may feel stress which can make your body feel bad.
However, there are both good and bad stress.
Good stress can help you do things better, while bad stress results from lasting too long can make you sick.
Having a balanced life can help you feel less stressed.
【点睛】[高分句型1] When you are worried about something, you may feel stress which can make your body feel bad.运用when引导时间状语从句对原文第二段进行了概括。
[高分句型2] Having a balanced life can help you feel less stressed.用动名词作主语对最后一段进行了概括，表达非常高级。
2．It’s really a moving story. Johnsy suffered from pneumonia and was close to death. She hopelessly believed that she would die after the last leaf fell. Her friend sue asked Behrman, a painter, for help. He drew the last leaf on one stormy night. Johnsy was finally saved, but the old Behman died of pneumonia unfortunately.
【导语】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述得了肺炎的Johnsy对生命失去了希望，就等着窗外的最后一片树叶掉了之后就要死去了。但是她的朋友sue请求画家Behrman画了一片叶子，并把它挂在外面的树上，终于Johnsy又对生活有了希望和活力，但是画家却因为肺炎不幸去世了。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①The doctor thought there was uncertain hope and he couldn’t see any confidence in Johnsy.
②When the last leaf fell she must go.
③Sue heard that and felt sad. She went to invite old Behrman, who was a painter with no achievement.
④Then she saw the life’s energy and wanted to live.
⑤But the bad news was that the old Behrman died of pneumonia.
⑥And they knew the secret that the last leaf was just a painting, drew by Behramn in that terrible night.
⑦This is really a beautiful and sorrowful story.
2.缜密构思
将1、2、3、7四个要点进行重组。将4、5、6三个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
It’s really a moving story.
Johnsy suffered from pneumonia and was close to death.
She hopelessly believed that she would die after the last leaf fell.
Her friend sue asked Behrman, a painter, for help.
He drew the last leaf on one stormy night.
Johnsy was finally saved, but the old Behman died of pneumonia unfortunately.
【点睛】【高分句型1】The doctor thought there was uncertain hope and he couldn’t see any confidence in Johnsy.（运用一个复杂的主从复合句对Johnsy的状况进行了概括。其中省略连词that引导的宾语从句表达高级）
【高分句型2】She went to invite old Behrman, who was a painter with no achievement.（运用一个复杂的主从复合句表达了Sue对Johnsy的帮助。其中连词who引导的定语从句表达高级）
【高分句型3】But the bad news was that the old Behrman died of pneumonia.（运用一个复杂的主从复合句对Behrman的结局进行了概括。其中连词that引导的表语从句表达高级）
【高分句型4】And they knew the secret that the last leaf was just a painting, drew by Behramn in that terrible night.（运用一个复杂的主从复合句表达了Behrman对Johnsy的帮助。其中连词that引导的同位语从句表达高级）
3．One possible version:
A journalist was sent to figure out the detailed information of the president’s palace, but it took a long time, which made the editor impatient. Threatened to be fired, the journalist still failed to reply in time. At last the journalist explained his experience of being imprisoned after counting the steps and measuring the height of the wall.
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。某杂志的编辑为了确切报道非洲某个新成立共和国总统宫的台阶确切数字和围墙高度，要求记者去核实，尽管这位记者因为怕被拒稿立刻前往，但却迟迟未送回信息，原来在数台阶过程中记者被逮捕送进了监狱。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①Last year a journalist had been instructed by a well-known magazine to write an article on the president’s palace in a new African republic.
②The editor at once sent the journalist a fax instructing him to find out the exact number of steps and the height of the wall.
③The journalist immediately set out to obtain these important facts, but he took a long time to send them.
④Meanwhile, the editor was getting impatient, for the magazine would soon go to press.
⑤He sent yet another telegram informing the journalist that if he did not reply soon he would be fired.
⑥When the journalist again failed to reply, the editor reluctantly published the article as it had originally been written.
⑦Not only had the poor man been arrested, but he had been sent to prison as well.
⑧However, he had at last been allowed to send a cable in which he informed the editor that he had been arrested while counting the 1084 steps leading to the 15-foot wall which surrounded the president's palace.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2、3、4四个要点进行重组，将第5、6两个要点进行整合，将第7、8两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
A journalist was sent to figure out the detailed information of the president’s palace, but it took a long time, which made the editor impatient.
Threatened to be fired, the journalist still failed to reply in time.
At last the journalist explained his experience of being imprisoned after counting the steps and measuring the height of the wall.
【点睛】 [高分句型1] A journalist was sent to figure out the detailed information of the president’s palace, but it took a long time, which made the editor impatient. (运用了动词不定式作主语补足语和which引导的非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] At last the journalist explained his experience of being imprisoned after counting the steps and measuring the height of the wall. (运用了动名词作介词的宾语)
4．Job interviews are rarely fun, especially for young people, who face an intimidating challenge today. AVIs are commonly used by large employers. But the employees don't feel comfortable and have never received detailed feedback after rejections. Employers should pay more attention to employees’ feeling, because an interview is a chance for both sides to learn about each other.
【导语】这是一篇说明文。人工智能使得面试过程变得更糟心，求职者面对镜头时会表现得不自然，而且得不到有效反馈，雇主应该更多的考虑求职者的感受，毕竟面试是双方互相了解的过程。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①Job interviews are rarely fun, especially when you young.
②Young people today face a different but no less intimidating challenge.
③Large employers are using these "asynchronous(非共时的)video interviews(AVIs)to cut down job applicants to a smaller number they can meet in person.
④AVIs are increasingly common.
⑤But employers need to pay more attention to how the process affects prospective employees.
⑥“It does feel robotic,” he says. In most cases, he wasn't able to review the videos and wasn't told if a human or a machine would judge him. He has never received detailed feedback after a rejection.
⑦After all, an interview is a company's first real interaction with prospective employees, some of whom it will want to hire. It should be a chance for both sides to learn about each other.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2两个要点进行整合，将第3、4两个要点进行整合，将第6要点内容转化后再与第5、7两个要点重组。
3.遣词造句
Job interviews are rarely fun, especially for young people, who face an intimidating challenge today.
AVIs are commonly used by large employers.
The employees don't feel comfortable and have never received detailed feedback after rejections.
Employers should pay more attention to employees’ feeling, because an interview is a chance for both sides to learn about each other.
【点睛】[高分句型1]Job interviews are rarely fun, especially for young people, who face an intimidating challenge today.（运用了who引导的非限制性定语从句，对原文第一二自然段进行了概括）
[高分句型2]Employers should pay more attention to employees’ feeling, because an interview is a chance for both sides to learn about each other.（运用了because引导的原因状语从句，对原文第五六七自然段进行了概括总结）
5．Modbury, a small town in the south of England, is the first plastic bag-free town in Europe, thanks to Rebecca Hosking, who put forward this idea after seeing the effects of plastic bags on the wildlife. Her idea caught on and there was even an activity to clean up the beach. Though famous, Modbury is still an ordinary town.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍莫德伯里是英格兰南部的一个小镇，是欧洲第一个没有塑料袋的小镇，是一个名叫丽贝卡·霍斯金，在看到塑料袋对野生动物的影响后提出了这个想法。她的想法很成功了，还发起一个清理海滩的活动。莫德伯里虽然很有名，但它仍然是一个普通的城镇。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①Modbury is a typical small town of the south of England.
②Plastic bags have been well and truly dumped!
③The removal of the plastic bags was the brainchild of Rebecca Hosking, Modbury resident and documentary-maker.
④Rebecca was horrified at the effects of plastic bags on the wildlife off Hawaii.
⑤To prove that the townsfolk are not only committed to reducing plastic waste, they organised a mass beach clean-up last year.
⑥And, contrary to some of the initial reports, it is a normal town, trying to live life in a slightly different way.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2、3、4四个要点进行整合，将第5、6两个要点进行重组。
3.遣词造句
Modbury, a small town in the south of England, is the first plastic bag-free town in Europe. Rebecca Hosking put forward this idea after seeing the effects of plastic bags on the wildlife. Her idea caught on and there was even an activity to clean up the beach. Modbury is still an ordinary town.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Modbury, a small town in the south of England, is the first plastic bag-free town in Europe, thanks to Rebecca Hosking, who put forward this idea after seeing the effects of plastic bags on the wildlife. （运用了who引导的非限制性定语从句）
[高分句型2]：Though famous, Modbury is still an ordinary town.（运用了状语从句的省略）
6．A decline in tourism and human activity has led to a shortage of the shells which the hermit crabs depend on. To address the problem, the Thai government helps homeless hermit crabs find homes. The Thai government has decided to replicate this policy in the future to restore the ecology.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。旅游业下滑期间，许多寄居蟹涌入原本空旷的科兰塔海滩，供它们居住的贝壳变得供不应求。为了解决寄居蟹住房问题，泰国政府向公众发出呼吁，要求提供净重超过200公斤的空贝壳，文章主要介绍泰国政府帮助无家可归的寄居蟹寻找庇护所。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①Amid a slump in tourism, one national park in Thailand has seen a dramatic rise in visitors.
②The Thai government moved quickly to ease the housing shortage, launching a public appeal for empty shells that netted over 200 kg.
③But the shortage of shells may be man-made; pretty ones have long been gathered to be sold as souvenirs.
④His inspiration comes from the hiatus in tourism brought on by covid-19.
⑤The government has decided to try to mimic the respite (暂缓、休息) forced on it by the coronavirus in future. From now on, all national parks will be required to close for part of the off-season and to limit the number of tourists through a reservation system when they are open.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2、3三个要点进行重组，将第4、5两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
A decline in tourism and human activity has led to a shortage of the shells which the hermit crabs depend on.
To address the problem, the Thai government helps homeless hermit crabs find homes. The Thai government has decided to replicate this policy in the future to restore the ecology.
【点睛】[高分句型1] A decline in tourism and human activity has led to a shortage of the shells which the hermit crabs depend on. (运用了which引导的定语从句)
[高分句型2] To address the problem, the Thai government helps homeless hermit crabs find homes. (运用了动词不定式to address作目的状语)
7．We may have experienced the feeling that we don’t have enough time for what we would like to do. It is generally thought that scheduling is a good strategy, but sometimes we find scheduling makes us less productive. What is it that leads to the fact Time famine may be the result of our own perception of what we feel can be done with the time we have to deal with time famine. It is highly recommended that you can schedule events or tasks back to back, thus leaving you with large amounts of unscheduled time.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，似乎永远都没有足够的时间——没有足够的时间睡觉，没有足够的时间玩，没有足够的时间锻炼。有一个相对较新的术语来描述这种感觉:时间饥荒。为了安排我们所拥有的那一点点时间，一种策略是安排。但日程安排有时会事与愿违，实际上会降低我们的工作效率。为什么会发生这种情况 时间匮乏的部分原因可能在于我们对自己认为可以在现有时间内完成的事情的看法。如果你喜欢安排和计划你的一天，一个小技巧可以是连续地安排事情或任务，这会让你有大量的计划外的时间。几个小时不受打扰的计划外的时间会让人感觉更长，尤其是在没有任何计划的情况下。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①It can seem like there’s never enough time - not enough for sleep and not enough for play, and not enough for exercise.
②There’s a relatively new term to describe this feeling: time famine, or the sensation of having too much to do without enough time to do it.
③The idea is that scheduling will make us more efficient. But scheduling can sometimes backfire and actually make us less productive.
④Why might this happen It’s believed that when there’s an appointment coming, we direct our attention to it, whether it’s mentally preparing for it or simply dreading it.
⑤ If you love scheduling and planning out your days, a trick could be to schedule events or tasks back-to-back (连续地), which leaves you with larger amounts of unscheduled time.
2.缜密构思
将第1、3两个要点进行重组，将第2、3两个要点进行整合，第4、5要点整合得出结论。
3.遣词造句
We may have experienced the feeling that we don't have enough time for what we would like to do.
It is generally thought that scheduling is a good strategy, but sometimes we find scheduling makes us less productive.
What is it that leads to the fact time famine may be the result of our own perception of what we feel can be done with the time we have to deal with time famine.
It is highly recommended that you can schedule events or tasks back to back,thus leaving you with large amounts of unscheduled time.
【点睛】[高分句型1] We may have experienced the feeling that we don’t have enough time for what we would like to do.运用一个含同位语从句的长句对原文第一段和第二段进行了概括。
[高分句型2]：It is generally thought that scheduling is a good strategy, but sometimes we find scheduling makes us less productiv 使用了含有that引导了主语从句的长句对第三段进行了概括，表达非常高级。
[高分句型3]：It is highly recommended that you can schedule events or tasks back to back,thus leaving you with large amounts of unscheduled time. 用一个含有主语从句的复合句概括了最后一段内容。
8．Spurlock made an experiment to test the damage of eating lots of junk food and made a documentary film later. In the one-month experiment, Spurlock ate three super size McDonald’s meals every day if required, thus causing terrible increase in his weight. Spurlock hopes the film can help people establish a healthy eating habit.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，斯普尔洛克做了一个实验来测试食用大量垃圾食品的危害，之后他还拍了一部纪录片。在为期一个月的实验中，如果有需要，斯普尔洛克每天吃三顿超大号的麦当劳餐，因此导致他的体重急剧增加。斯普尔洛克希望这部电影能帮助人们建立健康的饮食习惯。
【详解】1 要点摘录①Would it seriously damage your health These were the questions which led Morgan Spurlock, an independent film-maker, to do an experiment, which he made into a documentary film entitled Super Size Mc.
②The main basis of his experiment was that Spurlock promised to cat three McDonald’s meals a day, every day, for a month. He could only eat food from McDonald’s and every time an employee asked if he would like to “super size” the meal, he had to agree.
③The changes in this body were horrifying in the first week, he put on 4.5 kilos and by the end of the thirty days he had gained nearly 14 kilos, bringing his total weight to a massive 98kg.
④Spurlock says “I’d love people to walk out of the movie and say, ‘Next time I’m not going to “super size”.
⑤I’m going to sit down and eat dinner with my kids, with the TV off, so that we can eat healthy food, talk about what we’re eating and have a relationship with each other.” Food for though indeed.
2.缜密构思
将第2、3和4、5几个要点进行重组，将第1个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
Spurlock made an experiment to test the damage of eating lots of junk food and made a documentary film later.
In the one-month experiment, Spurlock ate three super size McDonald’s meals every day if required, thus causing terrible increase in his weight.
Spurlock hopes the film can help people establish a healthy eating habit.
【点睛】[高分句型1] In the one-month experiment, Spurlock ate three super size McDonald’s meals every day if required, thus causing terrible increase in his weight.(运用了省略结构和现在分词作状语)
[高分句型2]Spurlock hopes the film can help people establish a healthy eating habit.(运用了省略连接代词that引导的宾语从句)
9．One possible version:
People's attitudes towards punishing children vary from person to person. Punishment can be divided into physical and emotional punishment. However, it is hard to find a correct way to raise a child. To become a good person in the future, in my opinion, not only should children be given love and best education but also reasonable and strict punishment.
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，人们对待惩罚孩子的态度因人而异。惩罚可以分为身体惩罚和情感惩罚。然而，很难找到养育孩子的正确方法。在我看来，为了将来成为一个好人，不仅应该给孩子们爱和最好的教育，也应该合理和严格的惩罚。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①Everybody has different opinions about how to act to correct a child's behavior. Parents,teachers,doctors,and specialists such as psychologists，have disagreements about whether it is good for a child's education to punish him or her.
②Punishment can be physical or emotional. Physical punishment is when the parent hits, slaps or spanks the child.
③Although many surveys and studies have been made about what the correct way is to raise a child，nobody knows the answer or the truth. I think it will be very difficult to find the answer or get people to agree.
④I think the parents should love their child and give him or her the best education, but at the same time，they should punish the child if he or she deserves it.
⑤The parents' goal is to have in the future a good man or woman in society, so sometimes you should do what is necessary to get your child to behave well.
2.缜密构思
将第4、5两个要点进行重组，将第1、2、3三个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
People's attitudes towards punishing children vary from person to person.
Punishment can be divided into physical and emotional punishment.
However, it is hard to find a correct way to raise a child.
To become a good person in the future, in my opinion, not only should children be given love and best education but also reasonable and strict punishment.
【点睛】[高分句型1] However, it is hard to find a correct way to raise a child.运用it作形式主语，真正主语为不定式和不定式作定语的结构，表达高级。
[高分句型2]To become a good person in the future, in my opinion, not only should children be given love and best education but also reasonable and strict punishment.运用不定式作目的状语，和not only…but also…引导的部分倒装结构，表达非常高级。
10．It is necessary for us to put things into the fridge. However, the author think that the invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation. The fridge's effect upon the environment has been evident, while its contribution to human happiness has been not important. All in all, you can try a life without fridge.（59 words）
【导语】这是一篇议论文。我们有必要把东西放进冰箱。然而，作者认为冰箱的发明对食物保存的艺术贡献相对较小。冰箱对环境的影响是显而易见的，而它对人类幸福的贡献却并不重要。总之，你可以尝试没有冰箱的生活。
【详解】1.要点摘录
1.The fridge is considered necessary. It has been so since the 1960s when packaged food list appeared with the label: “Store in the refrigerator.”
2.The invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation..
3.The fridge's effect upon the environment has been evident, while its contribution to human happiness has been insignificant
4.If you don't believe me, try it yourself, invest in a food cabinet and turn off your fridge next winter. You may miss the hamburgers, but at least you'll get rid of that terrible hum.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2、3、个要点进行分说。
3.遣词造句
It is necessary for us to put things into the fridge.
However, the author think that the invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation.
The fridge's effect upon the environment has been evident, while its contribution to human happiness has been not important.
All in all, you can try a life without fridge.
【点睛】[高分句型1]：It is necessary for us to put things into the fridge. （运用了固定句型It is+形容词+for sb. to do sh.，it作形式主语，不定式为真正主语）。
[高分句型2] However, the author think that the invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation.（运用了that引导的宾语从句）
1．阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Have you had a headache during a test Have you ever been so worried about something that you have a headache or even can’t sleep at night If so, then you know what stress is.
Stress is what you feel when you are worried about something. This worry in your mind can make your body feel bad. You may feel angry, sad, scared, or afraid——all of which can give you a stomachache or a headache.
However, there are different kinds of stress. Some kinds of stress are good and others are bad.
Good stress might happen when you’re called to answer questions in class or when you have to give a speech. This kind of stress can help you to get things better done. For example, you may do a better job on your test if the stress pushes you to prepare better before the test. On the other hand, bad stress can happen if the stress lasts too long. You may not feel well if your parents are fighting, if a family member is sick, if you’re having problems at school, or if anything else makes you unhappy every day. That kind of stress isn’t going to help you. And it can actually make you sick.
The best way to fight the stress is to have a balanced life. Make sure you keep yourself in mind: Sleep, Exercise, Leisure, and Food. If you get enough sleep and eat properly, and if you exercise and leave time for fun, you’ll probably feel less stressed.
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2．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage with no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Sue and Johnsy are friends and they live in one studio.
But Johnsy kept her bed. The doctor thought there was uncertain hope and he couldn’t see any confidence in Johnsy.
At the same time, Johnsy lay on the bed, looking through the small window and counted “10、9” and “8、7......” She said feebly. When the last leaf fell she must go.
Sue heard that and felt sad. She went to invite old Behrman, who was a painter with no achievement. And he always talked of his coming masterpiece.
Behrman heard the story of Johnsy from Sue.
After the beating rain and fierce wind that had endured through the night, there was still one leaf. And another terrible night, it was still here. Johnsy lay for a long time looking at it. Then she saw the life’s energy and wanted to live.
With the help of doctor and Sue, Johnsy was out of danger. But the bad news was that the old Behrman died of pneumonia. And they knew the secret that the last leaf was just a painting, drew by Behramn in that terrible night.
This is really a beautiful and sorrowful story. We can give other people energy, hope and love. You can see something glittering in our heart.
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3．阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Read the following passage and summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage with no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Editors of newspapers and magazines often go to extremes to provide their readers with unimportant facts and statistics. Last year a journalist had been instructed by a well-known magazine to write an article on the president's palace in a new African republic. When the article arrived, the editor read the first sentence and then refused to publish it. The article began: 'Hundreds of steps lead to the high wall which surrounds the president's palace.' The editor at once sent the journalist a fax instructing him to find out the exact number of steps and the height of the wall.
The journalist immediately set out to obtain these important facts, but he took a long time to send them. Meanwhile, the editor was getting impatient, for the magazine would soon go to press. He sent the journalist two urgent telegrams, but received no reply. He sent yet another telegram informing the journalist that if he did not reply soon he would be fired. When the journalist again failed to reply, the editor reluctantly published the article as it had originally been written. A week later, the editor at last received a telegram from the journalist. Not only had the poor man been arrested, but he had been sent to prison as well. However, he had at last been allowed to send a cable in which he informed the editor that he had been arrested while counting the 1084 steps leading to the 15-foot wall which surrounded the president's palace.
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4．Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
AI is making applying for Jobs even more miserable
Job interviews are rarely fun, especially when you young. I will never forget the opening question in my first interview for the Financial Times graduate trainee scheme: “So, apart from the week before your interview, do you ever actually read the FT ”
Young people today face a different but no less intimidating challenge. They find themselves smiling anxiously into their laptop webcams(摄像头), answering question as a time ticks down with no human to interact with at all
Large employers are using these “asynchronous(非共时的)video interviews”(AVIs)to cut down job applicants to a smaller number they can meet in person. Platforms such as Hire Vue and Modern Hire record applicants answering pre-determined questions, usually with a time limit for each answer. In some cases, the recordings will be watched by the employer's hiring managers. In others, the platform's algorithms(算法)will assess the candidate based on what they said or even their facial expressions.
AVIs are increasingly common. These interviews can be done cheaply and at scale: one grocery chain in the US was gathering as many as 15,000 per day during the pandemic, according to Hire Vue. The platforms say the process is fairer and less biased than human recruiters, leading to better and more diverse candidates making the cut.
But employers need to pay more attention to how the process affects prospective employees. Researchers at the University of Sussex Business School, in association with the Institute for Employment Studies, have warned that young job-seekers feel confused, de-humanised and exhausted by automated recruitment systems.
Jimeet Romen Shah, who is in his final year at the University of Sussex, has done seven or so AVIs in the past two years. He tries to “make eye contact” with the camera but finds it hard not to watch his own face on the screen. He worries that if he glances down or up it will look like he is reading notes. “It does feel robotic,” he says. In most cases, he wasn't able to review the videos and wasn't told if a human or a machine would judge him. He has never received detailed feedback after a rejection.
After all, an interview is a company's first real interaction with prospective employees, some of whom it will want to hire. It should be a chance for both sides to learn about each other.
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5．Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Public Opinion Counts
Modbury is a typical small town of the south of England with a population of about 1,600. Typical, that is, apart from the fact that there are no plastic carrier bags in the town. None. Plastic bags have been well and truly dumped!
The removal of the plastic bags was the brainchild of Rebecca Hosking, Modbury resident and documentary-maker. Filming a documentary in the Pacific Ocean, Rebecca was horrified at the effects of plastic bags on the wildlife off Hawaii. Among other things, she saw seabirds fatally trapped in plastic bags that don’t biodegrade. When Rebecca returned to her hometown, she discussed this problem with people, including the shopkeepers and everyone supported her suggestion to make the town plastic bag free.
But for Rebecca’s concept, Modbury would still be an unremarkable little place. Now, however, shoppers take re-usable cotton bags shopping with them, or they buy biodegradable corn starch ones on the shops. The shopkeepers now wrap their goods in paper. To prove that the townsfolk are not only committed to reducing plastic waste, they organised a mass beach clean-up last year. Dozens of volunteers came to the beach on the appointed day to clean it up, taking the rubbish that visitors throw away and recycling it. And the greatest part of that rubbish was... no, not plastic bags, but plastic bottles.
Becoming the first town in Europe to ban plastic bags, Modbury is now harvesting the rewards of fame — reporters and camera crews from newspapers and TV channels across the world are coming to this mild town to find out its secret. And, contrary to some of the initial reports, it is a normal town, trying to live life in a slightly different way. As one resident put it. “We’re ordinary people, but we want to make just a little difference.”
6．Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Unshellfish love
Amid a slump in tourism, one national park in Thailand has seen a dramatic rise in visitors. So numerous are the hermit crabs thronging the otherwise empty beaches of Koh Lanta that shells for them to live in have become a scarce commodity. The Thai government moved quickly to ease the housing shortage, launching a public appeal for empty shells that netted over 200 kg. On December 5th these were distributed around the park in a ceremony marking the birthday of the late king, Bhumibol Adulyadej.
Hermit crabs rely on discarded shells to protect their soft bodies, moving to larger shells as they grow. On Koh Lanta and the surrounding smaller islands, their rapid increase seems to be a natural phenomenon, rather than directly related to the absence of tourists. But the shortage of shells may be man-made; pretty ones have long been gathered to be sold as souvenirs. Crabs had begun to make do with potential death-traps such as plastic caps and bottles.
The shell drive was part of a government initiative to “restore the balance of nature”. “I have instructed all national parks to do whatever it takes,” says Varawut Silpa-archa, the minister for natural resources. His inspiration comes from the hiatus (间歇、空隙) in tourism brought on by covid-19. A ban on international visitors and the closure of national parks have helped nature rebound, bringing black-tipped reef sharks back into Thai waters and endangered leatherback turtles back onto Thai beaches. In the coastal provinces of Phang Nga and Phuket, turtles have laid the largest number of eggs for 20 years.
The government has decided to try to mimic the respite (暂缓、休息) forced on it by the coronavirus in future. From now on, all national parks will be required to close for part of the off-season and to limit the number of tourists through a reservation system when they are open. Although such restrictions mean reduced earnings from tourism in the short term, in the longer run more pristine (原始的、未开发的) parks may help to keep the tourists coming.
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7．Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
How Setting a Schedule Can Make You Less Productive
It can seem like there’s never enough time - not enough for sleep and not enough for play, and not enough for exercise.
There’s a relatively new term to describe this feeling: time famine, or the sensation of having too much to do without enough time to do it.
To structure what little time we feel we have, one strategy is scheduling. The idea is that scheduling will make us more efficient. But scheduling can sometimes backfire and actually make us less productive. In one study, attendees of an academic conference were asked whether they would go to the presidential address taking place about an hour later. Some said they would, and others said they wouldn’t. Those who planned to attend the address reported the hour leading up to it felt shorter. So the presence of an upcoming activity seems to have shrunk how much time people felt they had.
Why might this happen It’s believed that when there’s an appointment coming, we direct our attention to it, whether it’s mentally preparing for it or simply dreading it. This makes the future appointment feel more substantial (重大的); as a result, the time interval leading up to the scheduled activity feels limited and insufficient. Time famine may partly lies in our own perception of what we feel can be done with the time we have.
But you still have the same amount of time leading up to a scheduled event, so time famine shouldn’t really matter, right But it does. This feeling by itself can influence what people decide to do. When something is scarce, people consider it more valuable and are less willing to part with it. The same is true for time. If time feels limited, people are less likely to use it - even when it’s in their best interest.
If you love scheduling and planning out your days, a trick could be to schedule events or tasks back-to-back (连续地), which leaves you with larger amounts of unscheduled time. Several uninterrupted hours of unscheduled time will feel longer, especially if there’s nothing scheduled coming.
8．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Super Size Me
Fast food, otherwise known as junk food, is a huge passion for a large number of people across the Western world. But what would happen if you ate lots of junk food, every day Would it seriously damage your health These were the questions which led Morgan Spurlock, an independent film-maker, to do an experiment, which he made into a documentary film entitled Super Size Mc.
The main basis of his experiment was that Spurlock promised to cat three McDonald’s meals a day, every day, for a month. He could only eat food from McDonald’s and every time an employee asked if he would like to “super size” the meal, he had to agree. “Super sizing” refers in to fact that with this type of meal you get a considerable larger portion of everything.
Spurlock knew that by eating three McDonald’s meals a day, he would consume a lot of fat and great deal of salt and sugar in each meal - much more than he needed. Although Spurlock knew he would put on a bit of weight, and that this diet was unhealthy, he wasn’t quite prepared for just how unhealthy it turned out to be. The changes in this body were horrifying in the first week, he put on 4.5 kilos and by the end of the thirty days he had gained nearly 14 kilos, bringing his total weight to a massive 98kg.
Spurlock says “I’d love people to walk out of the movie and say, ‘Next time I’m not going to “super size”. Maybe I’m not going have any junk food at all. I’m going to sit down and eat dinner with my kids, with the TV off, so that we can eat healthy food, talk about what we’re eating and have a relationship with each other.” Food for though indeed.
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9．阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Punishing children is a controversial topic.Everybody has different opinions about how to act to correct a child's behavior.Parents，teachers，doctors，and specialists such as psychologists，have disagreements about whether it is good for a child's education to punish him or her.
The word “punish” means different things to different people.Punishment can be physical or emotional.Physical punishment is when the parent hits，slaps or spanks the child.
On the other hand，emotional punishment is when the parent，in order to educate the child，doesn't let him or her watch TV，go to play with his or her friends，or the like.The parent doesn't teach him or her，but still he or she punishes the child.
Although many surveys and studies have been made about what the correct way is to raise a child，nobody knows the answer or the truth.I think it will be very difficult to find the answer or get people to agree.
I think the parents should love their child and give him or her the best education，but at the same time，they should punish the child if he or she deserves it.I think if you love your child，you should be rational when you apply the punishment.It should be reasonable but strict.
The parents' goal is to have in the future a good man or woman in society，so sometimes you should do what is necessary to get your child to behave well.
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10．概要写作
Is Fridge Really Necessary
The fridge is considered necessary. It has been so since the 1960s when packaged food list appeared with the label: “Store in the refrigerator.”
In my fridgeless Fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily. The milkman came daily, the grocer, the butcher, the baker, and the ice-cream man delivered two or three times a week. The Sunday meat would last until Wednesday and surplus (剩余) bread and milk became all kinds of cakes. Nothing was wasted, and we were never troubled by rotten food. Thirty years on, food deliveries have ceased, fresh vegetables are almost unobtainable in the country.
The invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation. A vast way of well-tried techniques already existed -natural cooling, drying, smoking, salting, sugaring, bottling….
What refrigeration did promote was marketing-marketing hardware and electricity, marketing soft drinks, marketing dead bodies of animals around the globe in search of a good price.
Consequently, most of the world's fridges are to be found, not in the tropics where they might prove useful, but in the wealthy countries with mild temperatures where they are climatically almost unnecessary. Every winter, millions of fridges hum(嗡嗡响) away continuously, and at vast expense, busily maintaining an artificially-coo1ed space inside an artificially-heated house -while outside, nature provides the desired temperature free of charge.
The fridge's effect upon the environment has been evident, while its contribution to human happiness has been insignificant. If you don't believe me, try it yourself, invest in a food cabinet and turn off your fridge next winter. You may miss the hamburgers, but at least you'll get rid of that terrible hum.
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1．When you are worried about something, you may feel stress which can make your body feel bad. However, there are both good and bad stress. Good stress can help you do things better, while bad stress results from lasting too long can make you sick. Having a balanced life can help you feel less stressed.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，当你担心某事时，你可能会感到压力，这会让你的身体感觉不好。然而，压力有好有坏。好的压力可以帮助你把事情做得更好，而持续太久的不好的压力会让你生病。平衡的生活可以帮助你减轻压力。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①Stress is what you feel when you are worried about something. This worry in your mind can make your body feel bad.
②However, there are different kinds of stress. Some kinds of stress are good and others are bad.
③Good stress might happen when you’re called to answer questions in class or when you have to give a speech. This kind of stress can help you to get things better done. On the other hand, bad stress can happen if the stress lasts too long.
④The best way to fight the stress is to have a balanced life.
2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3、4三个要点进行分说。
3.遣词造句
When you are worried about something, you may feel stress which can make your body feel bad.
However, there are both good and bad stress.
Good stress can help you do things better, while bad stress results from lasting too long can make you sick.
Having a balanced life can help you feel less stressed.
【点睛】[高分句型1] When you are worried about something, you may feel stress which can make your body feel bad.运用when引导时间状语从句对原文第二段进行了概括。
[高分句型2] Having a balanced life can help you feel less stressed.用动名词作主语对最后一段进行了概括，表达非常高级。
2．It’s really a moving story. Johnsy suffered from pneumonia and was close to death. She hopelessly believed that she would die after the last leaf fell. Her friend sue asked Behrman, a painter, for help. He drew the last leaf on one stormy night. Johnsy was finally saved, but the old Behman died of pneumonia unfortunately.
【导语】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述得了肺炎的Johnsy对生命失去了希望，就等着窗外的最后一片树叶掉了之后就要死去了。但是她的朋友sue请求画家Behrman画了一片叶子，并把它挂在外面的树上，终于Johnsy又对生活有了希望和活力，但是画家却因为肺炎不幸去世了。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①The doctor thought there was uncertain hope and he couldn’t see any confidence in Johnsy.
②When the last leaf fell she must go.
③Sue heard that and felt sad. She went to invite old Behrman, who was a painter with no achievement.
④Then she saw the life’s energy and wanted to live.
⑤But the bad news was that the old Behrman died of pneumonia.
⑥And they knew the secret that the last leaf was just a painting, drew by Behramn in that terrible night.
⑦This is really a beautiful and sorrowful story.
2.缜密构思
将1、2、3、7四个要点进行重组。将4、5、6三个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
It’s really a moving story.
Johnsy suffered from pneumonia and was close to death.
She hopelessly believed that she would die after the last leaf fell.
Her friend sue asked Behrman, a painter, for help.
He drew the last leaf on one stormy night.
Johnsy was finally saved, but the old Behman died of pneumonia unfortunately.
【点睛】【高分句型1】The doctor thought there was uncertain hope and he couldn’t see any confidence in Johnsy.（运用一个复杂的主从复合句对Johnsy的状况进行了概括。其中省略连词that引导的宾语从句表达高级）
【高分句型2】She went to invite old Behrman, who was a painter with no achievement.（运用一个复杂的主从复合句表达了Sue对Johnsy的帮助。其中连词who引导的定语从句表达高级）
【高分句型3】But the bad news was that the old Behrman died of pneumonia.（运用一个复杂的主从复合句对Behrman的结局进行了概括。其中连词that引导的表语从句表达高级）
【高分句型4】And they knew the secret that the last leaf was just a painting, drew by Behramn in that terrible night.（运用一个复杂的主从复合句表达了Behrman对Johnsy的帮助。其中连词that引导的同位语从句表达高级）
3．One possible version:
A journalist was sent to figure out the detailed information of the president’s palace, but it took a long time, which made the editor impatient. Threatened to be fired, the journalist still failed to reply in time. At last the journalist explained his experience of being imprisoned after counting the steps and measuring the height of the wall.
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。某杂志的编辑为了确切报道非洲某个新成立共和国总统宫的台阶确切数字和围墙高度，要求记者去核实，尽管这位记者因为怕被拒稿立刻前往，但却迟迟未送回信息，原来在数台阶过程中记者被逮捕送进了监狱。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①Last year a journalist had been instructed by a well-known magazine to write an article on the president’s palace in a new African republic.
②The editor at once sent the journalist a fax instructing him to find out the exact number of steps and the height of the wall.
③The journalist immediately set out to obtain these important facts, but he took a long time to send them.
④Meanwhile, the editor was getting impatient, for the magazine would soon go to press.
⑤He sent yet another telegram informing the journalist that if he did not reply soon he would be fired.
⑥When the journalist again failed to reply, the editor reluctantly published the article as it had originally been written.
⑦Not only had the poor man been arrested, but he had been sent to prison as well.
⑧However, he had at last been allowed to send a cable in which he informed the editor that he had been arrested while counting the 1084 steps leading to the 15-foot wall which surrounded the president's palace.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2、3、4四个要点进行重组，将第5、6两个要点进行整合，将第7、8两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
A journalist was sent to figure out the detailed information of the president’s palace, but it took a long time, which made the editor impatient.
Threatened to be fired, the journalist still failed to reply in time.
At last the journalist explained his experience of being imprisoned after counting the steps and measuring the height of the wall.
【点睛】 [高分句型1] A journalist was sent to figure out the detailed information of the president’s palace, but it took a long time, which made the editor impatient. (运用了动词不定式作主语补足语和which引导的非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] At last the journalist explained his experience of being imprisoned after counting the steps and measuring the height of the wall. (运用了动名词作介词的宾语)
4．Job interviews are rarely fun, especially for young people, who face an intimidating challenge today. AVIs are commonly used by large employers. But the employees don't feel comfortable and have never received detailed feedback after rejections. Employers should pay more attention to employees’ feeling, because an interview is a chance for both sides to learn about each other.
【导语】这是一篇说明文。人工智能使得面试过程变得更糟心，求职者面对镜头时会表现得不自然，而且得不到有效反馈，雇主应该更多的考虑求职者的感受，毕竟面试是双方互相了解的过程。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①Job interviews are rarely fun, especially when you young.
②Young people today face a different but no less intimidating challenge.
③Large employers are using these "asynchronous(非共时的)video interviews(AVIs)to cut down job applicants to a smaller number they can meet in person.
④AVIs are increasingly common.
⑤But employers need to pay more attention to how the process affects prospective employees.
⑥“It does feel robotic,” he says. In most cases, he wasn't able to review the videos and wasn't told if a human or a machine would judge him. He has never received detailed feedback after a rejection.
⑦After all, an interview is a company's first real interaction with prospective employees, some of whom it will want to hire. It should be a chance for both sides to learn about each other.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2两个要点进行整合，将第3、4两个要点进行整合，将第6要点内容转化后再与第5、7两个要点重组。
3.遣词造句
Job interviews are rarely fun, especially for young people, who face an intimidating challenge today.
AVIs are commonly used by large employers.
The employees don't feel comfortable and have never received detailed feedback after rejections.
Employers should pay more attention to employees’ feeling, because an interview is a chance for both sides to learn about each other.
【点睛】[高分句型1]Job interviews are rarely fun, especially for young people, who face an intimidating challenge today.（运用了who引导的非限制性定语从句，对原文第一二自然段进行了概括）
[高分句型2]Employers should pay more attention to employees’ feeling, because an interview is a chance for both sides to learn about each other.（运用了because引导的原因状语从句，对原文第五六七自然段进行了概括总结）
5．Modbury, a small town in the south of England, is the first plastic bag-free town in Europe, thanks to Rebecca Hosking, who put forward this idea after seeing the effects of plastic bags on the wildlife. Her idea caught on and there was even an activity to clean up the beach. Though famous, Modbury is still an ordinary town.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍莫德伯里是英格兰南部的一个小镇，是欧洲第一个没有塑料袋的小镇，是一个名叫丽贝卡·霍斯金，在看到塑料袋对野生动物的影响后提出了这个想法。她的想法很成功了，还发起一个清理海滩的活动。莫德伯里虽然很有名，但它仍然是一个普通的城镇。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①Modbury is a typical small town of the south of England.
②Plastic bags have been well and truly dumped!
③The removal of the plastic bags was the brainchild of Rebecca Hosking, Modbury resident and documentary-maker.
④Rebecca was horrified at the effects of plastic bags on the wildlife off Hawaii.
⑤To prove that the townsfolk are not only committed to reducing plastic waste, they organised a mass beach clean-up last year.
⑥And, contrary to some of the initial reports, it is a normal town, trying to live life in a slightly different way.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2、3、4四个要点进行整合，将第5、6两个要点进行重组。
3.遣词造句
Modbury, a small town in the south of England, is the first plastic bag-free town in Europe. Rebecca Hosking put forward this idea after seeing the effects of plastic bags on the wildlife. Her idea caught on and there was even an activity to clean up the beach. Modbury is still an ordinary town.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Modbury, a small town in the south of England, is the first plastic bag-free town in Europe, thanks to Rebecca Hosking, who put forward this idea after seeing the effects of plastic bags on the wildlife. （运用了who引导的非限制性定语从句）
[高分句型2]：Though famous, Modbury is still an ordinary town.（运用了状语从句的省略）
6．A decline in tourism and human activity has led to a shortage of the shells which the hermit crabs depend on. To address the problem, the Thai government helps homeless hermit crabs find homes. The Thai government has decided to replicate this policy in the future to restore the ecology.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。旅游业下滑期间，许多寄居蟹涌入原本空旷的科兰塔海滩，供它们居住的贝壳变得供不应求。为了解决寄居蟹住房问题，泰国政府向公众发出呼吁，要求提供净重超过200公斤的空贝壳，文章主要介绍泰国政府帮助无家可归的寄居蟹寻找庇护所。
【详解】1.要点摘录
①Amid a slump in tourism, one national park in Thailand has seen a dramatic rise in visitors.
②The Thai government moved quickly to ease the housing shortage, launching a public appeal for empty shells that netted over 200 kg.
③But the shortage of shells may be man-made; pretty ones have long been gathered to be sold as souvenirs.
④His inspiration comes from the hiatus in tourism brought on by covid-19.
⑤The government has decided to try to mimic the respite (暂缓、休息) forced on it by the coronavirus in future. From now on, all national parks will be required to close for part of the off-season and to limit the number of tourists through a reservation system when they are open.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2、3三个要点进行重组，将第4、5两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
A decline in tourism and human activity has led to a shortage of the shells which the hermit crabs depend on.
To address the problem, the Thai government helps homeless hermit crabs find homes. The Thai government has decided to replicate this policy in the future to restore the ecology.
【点睛】[高分句型1] A decline in tourism and human activity has led to a shortage of the shells which the hermit crabs depend on. (运用了which引导的定语从句)
[高分句型2] To address the problem, the Thai government helps homeless hermit crabs find homes. (运用了动词不定式to address作目的状语)
7．We may have experienced the feeling that we don’t have enough time for what we would like to do. It is generally thought that scheduling is a good strategy, but sometimes we find scheduling makes us less productive. What is it that leads to the fact Time famine may be the result of our own perception of what we feel can be done with the time we have to deal with time famine. It is highly recommended that you can schedule events or tasks back to back, thus leaving you with large amounts of unscheduled time.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，似乎永远都没有足够的时间——没有足够的时间睡觉，没有足够的时间玩，没有足够的时间锻炼。有一个相对较新的术语来描述这种感觉:时间饥荒。为了安排我们所拥有的那一点点时间，一种策略是安排。但日程安排有时会事与愿违，实际上会降低我们的工作效率。为什么会发生这种情况 时间匮乏的部分原因可能在于我们对自己认为可以在现有时间内完成的事情的看法。如果你喜欢安排和计划你的一天，一个小技巧可以是连续地安排事情或任务，这会让你有大量的计划外的时间。几个小时不受打扰的计划外的时间会让人感觉更长，尤其是在没有任何计划的情况下。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①It can seem like there’s never enough time - not enough for sleep and not enough for play, and not enough for exercise.
②There’s a relatively new term to describe this feeling: time famine, or the sensation of having too much to do without enough time to do it.
③The idea is that scheduling will make us more efficient. But scheduling can sometimes backfire and actually make us less productive.
④Why might this happen It’s believed that when there’s an appointment coming, we direct our attention to it, whether it’s mentally preparing for it or simply dreading it.
⑤ If you love scheduling and planning out your days, a trick could be to schedule events or tasks back-to-back (连续地), which leaves you with larger amounts of unscheduled time.
2.缜密构思
将第1、3两个要点进行重组，将第2、3两个要点进行整合，第4、5要点整合得出结论。
3.遣词造句
We may have experienced the feeling that we don't have enough time for what we would like to do.
It is generally thought that scheduling is a good strategy, but sometimes we find scheduling makes us less productive.
What is it that leads to the fact time famine may be the result of our own perception of what we feel can be done with the time we have to deal with time famine.
It is highly recommended that you can schedule events or tasks back to back,thus leaving you with large amounts of unscheduled time.
【点睛】[高分句型1] We may have experienced the feeling that we don’t have enough time for what we would like to do.运用一个含同位语从句的长句对原文第一段和第二段进行了概括。
[高分句型2]：It is generally thought that scheduling is a good strategy, but sometimes we find scheduling makes us less productiv 使用了含有that引导了主语从句的长句对第三段进行了概括，表达非常高级。
[高分句型3]：It is highly recommended that you can schedule events or tasks back to back,thus leaving you with large amounts of unscheduled time. 用一个含有主语从句的复合句概括了最后一段内容。
8．Spurlock made an experiment to test the damage of eating lots of junk food and made a documentary film later. In the one-month experiment, Spurlock ate three super size McDonald’s meals every day if required, thus causing terrible increase in his weight. Spurlock hopes the film can help people establish a healthy eating habit.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，斯普尔洛克做了一个实验来测试食用大量垃圾食品的危害，之后他还拍了一部纪录片。在为期一个月的实验中，如果有需要，斯普尔洛克每天吃三顿超大号的麦当劳餐，因此导致他的体重急剧增加。斯普尔洛克希望这部电影能帮助人们建立健康的饮食习惯。
【详解】1 要点摘录①Would it seriously damage your health These were the questions which led Morgan Spurlock, an independent film-maker, to do an experiment, which he made into a documentary film entitled Super Size Mc.
②The main basis of his experiment was that Spurlock promised to cat three McDonald’s meals a day, every day, for a month. He could only eat food from McDonald’s and every time an employee asked if he would like to “super size” the meal, he had to agree.
③The changes in this body were horrifying in the first week, he put on 4.5 kilos and by the end of the thirty days he had gained nearly 14 kilos, bringing his total weight to a massive 98kg.
④Spurlock says “I’d love people to walk out of the movie and say, ‘Next time I’m not going to “super size”.
⑤I’m going to sit down and eat dinner with my kids, with the TV off, so that we can eat healthy food, talk about what we’re eating and have a relationship with each other.” Food for though indeed.
2.缜密构思
将第2、3和4、5几个要点进行重组，将第1个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
Spurlock made an experiment to test the damage of eating lots of junk food and made a documentary film later.
In the one-month experiment, Spurlock ate three super size McDonald’s meals every day if required, thus causing terrible increase in his weight.
Spurlock hopes the film can help people establish a healthy eating habit.
【点睛】[高分句型1] In the one-month experiment, Spurlock ate three super size McDonald’s meals every day if required, thus causing terrible increase in his weight.(运用了省略结构和现在分词作状语)
[高分句型2]Spurlock hopes the film can help people establish a healthy eating habit.(运用了省略连接代词that引导的宾语从句)
9．One possible version:
People's attitudes towards punishing children vary from person to person. Punishment can be divided into physical and emotional punishment. However, it is hard to find a correct way to raise a child. To become a good person in the future, in my opinion, not only should children be given love and best education but also reasonable and strict punishment.
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，人们对待惩罚孩子的态度因人而异。惩罚可以分为身体惩罚和情感惩罚。然而，很难找到养育孩子的正确方法。在我看来，为了将来成为一个好人，不仅应该给孩子们爱和最好的教育，也应该合理和严格的惩罚。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①Everybody has different opinions about how to act to correct a child's behavior. Parents,teachers,doctors,and specialists such as psychologists，have disagreements about whether it is good for a child's education to punish him or her.
②Punishment can be physical or emotional. Physical punishment is when the parent hits, slaps or spanks the child.
③Although many surveys and studies have been made about what the correct way is to raise a child，nobody knows the answer or the truth. I think it will be very difficult to find the answer or get people to agree.
④I think the parents should love their child and give him or her the best education, but at the same time，they should punish the child if he or she deserves it.
⑤The parents' goal is to have in the future a good man or woman in society, so sometimes you should do what is necessary to get your child to behave well.
2.缜密构思
将第4、5两个要点进行重组，将第1、2、3三个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
People's attitudes towards punishing children vary from person to person.
Punishment can be divided into physical and emotional punishment.
However, it is hard to find a correct way to raise a child.
To become a good person in the future, in my opinion, not only should children be given love and best education but also reasonable and strict punishment.
【点睛】[高分句型1] However, it is hard to find a correct way to raise a child.运用it作形式主语，真正主语为不定式和不定式作定语的结构，表达高级。
[高分句型2]To become a good person in the future, in my opinion, not only should children be given love and best education but also reasonable and strict punishment.运用不定式作目的状语，和not only…but also…引导的部分倒装结构，表达非常高级。
10．It is necessary for us to put things into the fridge. However, the author think that the invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation. The fridge's effect upon the environment has been evident, while its contribution to human happiness has been not important. All in all, you can try a life without fridge.（59 words）
【导语】这是一篇议论文。我们有必要把东西放进冰箱。然而，作者认为冰箱的发明对食物保存的艺术贡献相对较小。冰箱对环境的影响是显而易见的，而它对人类幸福的贡献却并不重要。总之，你可以尝试没有冰箱的生活。
【详解】1.要点摘录
1.The fridge is considered necessary. It has been so since the 1960s when packaged food list appeared with the label: “Store in the refrigerator.”
2.The invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation..
3.The fridge's effect upon the environment has been evident, while its contribution to human happiness has been insignificant
4.If you don't believe me, try it yourself, invest in a food cabinet and turn off your fridge next winter. You may miss the hamburgers, but at least you'll get rid of that terrible hum.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2、3、个要点进行分说。
3.遣词造句
It is necessary for us to put things into the fridge.
However, the author think that the invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation.
The fridge's effect upon the environment has been evident, while its contribution to human happiness has been not important.
All in all, you can try a life without fridge.
【点睛】[高分句型1]：It is necessary for us to put things into the fridge. （运用了固定句型It is+形容词+for sb. to do sh.，it作形式主语，不定式为真正主语）。
[高分句型2] However, the author think that the invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food preservation.（运用了that引导的宾语从句）