中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit 1 复习目标
1.复习现在完成时基本用法。
2.复习现在完成态的标志词，already,yet,ever, just,never, recently,for, since等词的用法。
3.复习怎样写有关变化发展的报告。
复习一 现在完成时态的基本用法
[用法—]
现在完成时态表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。这种用法可分为下列两种情况:
1.表示一个动作在过去某时开始,刚刚结束。常与just,al-ready, yet等状语连用。
Amy has just turned off the lamp.od bonurov艾米刚刚关上了灯。(现在灯已不亮了)
l have already taken the books to the office.
我已把书拿到办公室去了。(现在书不在我这儿了)
2.表示过去动作的结果,现在仍存在着。
He has become a worker.
他已当了工人。(他过去当的工人,现在还是)—Have you posted the photos
你已经寄那些照片了吗
一Yes,l have.I've posted them.
是的。我把它们寄走了。(照片已不在我这里了)
[用法二]
现在完成时态还表示从过去已经开始,持续到现在,而且还有可能继续下去的动作或状态。常和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在(包括现在在内)的一段时间状语连用。例如: today,this week , recently , these days, during the last two weeks, in the pastfew years, since yesterday, for three hours, until now, so far(到目前为止)等。
He has stayed in Shenzhen for two weeks.他已在深圳待两周了。(从两周前到现在)They have known each other since 2000.
他们自2000年以来,就彼此认识了。(从2000年到现在)
How many English words have you learned so far
到目前为止,你学了多少英语单词
现在完成时态的标志词
现在完成时态常和already,yet,ever, just,never, recently,for, since等词连用,这些词通常被叫作现在完成时态的“标志词”。
1.already意为“已经”,常用于肯定句中,位于实义动词前，be动词、助动词后;有时也可放在句尾。
I have already borrowed the book from the library.我已经从图书馆借过书了。
Be quick!The teacher has been in the classroom already.快点!老师已经在教室里了。
2.yet用于疑问句中,表示“已经”; yet 用于否定句中时,表示“还,尚未”之意。
Have you heard from your mother yet 你已收到你妈妈的来信了吗
She hasn't paid for the jeans yet.
她还没为那条牛仔裤付钱呢。
ever用于疑问句中,表示“曾经”之意。
Has Jack ever been to the Summer Palace 杰克曾去过颐和园吗
4. just意为“刚刚”,用于肯定句中,位于助动词与过去分词之间。
He's just received a letter.他刚收到一封信。
5.never意为“从来没有”,位于助动词与过去分词之间,表示否定意义。
l have never seen such a beautiful bird.我从来没见过这么漂亮的鸟儿。
6. recently意为“最近,近来”,可用于肯定句、否定句或疑问句中。
We have learned about 200 new words recently.近来我们已学了大约200个生词。
I haven't seen Kitty recently.最近我没见过基蒂。
Have they been there recently 他们最近去过那儿吗
7. for后面接一个时间段。可用于肯定句、否定句或疑问句中。
He bas been in London for three years.他来伦敦已三年了。
8.since意为“自从……以来”,后面既可以接一个时间点,也可以接一个一般过去时态的句子,用来表示一段时间。
Millie has had a cold since last Friday.
从上周五开始,米莉就感冒了。(since后接时间点）
I haven't seen her since she left the city.自从她离开这座城市以来我就没见过她。(since后接一般过去时态的向子)
现在完成时态和一般过去时态的区别
现在完成时态和一般过去时态所表示的动作都发生在过去,但现在完成时态强调过去发生的动作与现在的关系,以及对现在造成的影响或结果等,所以不能与表示过去的时间状语连用;而一般过去时态仅表示过去发生的事实,与现在无关,可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。
l have had my breakfast.
我已经吃过早饭了。(强调早饭已吃过了,现在不饿)
I had some bread,an egg and a glass of milk yesterday morning.我昨天早上吃了一此面句，一个鸡蛋和一杯牛奶。(强调过去的行为，当时的情况与现在无关,和表示过去的时间状语连用。)
练习
用所给单词的正确形式填空。
1. ________you ________ ( forget) to bring me the letter yet
2.They ________(not visit) her for a long time.
3.—How long ________ she ________(be) in Hong Kong
—For over two years.
4.—you ________ (find) your dictionary yet
一Yes.I ________(find) it under the desk an hour ago.
5.Mr Brown ________ already ________ ( come) back from England.
6.I ________ never ________ (see) such a wonderful film before.
7.Mr Smith ________ ( work ) in this factory since he ________ (leave) school.
8.I________ (read)the book about Harry Potter last week.
9.The young man________ (plant） 400 trees in the past three years.
10.So far my little brother ________ ( learn)five English songs.
Ⅱ.用所给的时间副词填空。
already , yet,just , ever , never, since, for , recently
a long time
1.Have you learned English ________
2.He has ________ done his homework.
3.—Did you see our teacher just now —Yes, she has ________ gone to the office.
4.—Have you ________ been to Hainan Island
—No,I have ________ been there.
5.He has had a cold ________ he came here.
6.I haven't heard from my friends ________.
7.They have stayed at home ________.
8.Simon has lived here ________ last year.
9.—Have you finished your homework ________
—Yes,I have. I have ________ finished it.
10.I have been in this city ________ nearly two years.
答案
一1.Have; forgotten 2.haven't visited 3. has; been 4.Have; found ; found 5.has;come
6.have; seen 7.has worked;left 8.read 9.has planted 10.has learned
二1.for 2.already 3.just 4.ever; never 5.since
6.yet 7.recently 8.since 9.yet;just/already 10. for
复习一
怎样写有关变化发展的报告
I.写作建议
第一,决定写什么。同学们应该先决定写交通、节日,还是其他方面。
第二,做一些调查。同学们需要查找一些信息(可以通过图书馆、博物馆以及互联网,或与父母、老师的谈话来了解情况)。
第三,制作一张表格。根据了解到的信息把过去与现在的情况进行对比。
第四,动手写作。同学们可以先打草稿,把表格中的信息进行整合,连缀成文,并检查信息表达是否清楚。
I.常用词汇和基本句型
根据上面写作建议中列出的内容,把写变化和发展的报告需要用到的词汇、句刑列表如下:
TimeThings around us Past Present
Transport bike,bus coach, double-decker, underground,light rail
Environment quiet place, small rivers,fresh air, many tall trees central park，highways，tall buildings around
Developments less developed new flats,many shops
People live in small houses move into new flats
Other phrases change a lot,reduce the pollution,open space,over the past... years,It has become... to do sth. , I feel a bit lonely from time to time.
Ⅲ.写作示例
请根据提示写一篇关于你家乡过去和现在的报道。（100词左右)
提示:
Past Present
Transport bike double-deckerlight rail
Environment many tall treesclear waterno good roads central parkwide roadsnew buildings
Life poor live a happy life
写作步骤:
第一步:确定本文时态(用一般过去时、现在完成时和一般现在时)。
第二步:根据提示列出报道家乡过去和现在所需的词汇和句型。
第三步:组织语言材料使之连贯。根据表达的需要适当调整语言材料,同时增加一些符合逻辑的文字使文章完整、优美(词数要符合要求)。
第四步:认真检查。
检查内容包括:
单词拼写、动词的用法、词形的运用是否正确;
时态、句型结构是否用对;
(3)大小写、标点符号也要检查。
范文:
My hometown
My hometown is in the northwest of Nanjing. It is small but beautiful.There is a small river around it. Many years ago when I was young, there were many tall trees in our village. And the water in the river was very clear. People lived a hard life.There were no good roads.If we wanted to go to the city, we had to ride a bike. But great changes have taken place in my hometown over the past few years. Many families have got colour TV sets, telephones, fridges, computers and so on.New wide roads, tall buildings, schools,and hospitals have been built. We have moved into new flats. Now we go to the city centre by double-decker or ligh trail.We also have a central park in our hometown. We live a happy life.
A
以“Changes in my hometown”为题,按要求写一篇英语短文,介绍自己家乡的变化。
要求:1.描述家乡在哪些方面取得了发展;2.指出发展过程中存在的一些问题;
3.展望一下家乡的未来;
4.60～80个单词。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案
Changes in my hometown
I used to live in a small town with trees all around.There was no tall building and the only street was narrow. Just out side the town, there was a river. You can see different kinds of fishes swimming in the clear water. People here lived a simple life.
Great changes have taken place in the past few years. You can see tall buildings, big department stores and factories every-where. Different kinds of cars and buses are running in the wide streets. But with the development of the industry, we have fewer trees.Air and water pollution is becoming more and more serious. We must do something to stop pollution and make our town even more beautiful.
B
根据提示,简要介绍你的朋友Mary 的成长变化。要点:1.外貌:过去个子矮,短发;现在个子高,长发;
2.性格:过去害羞(shy),文静(quiet);现在有些外向(outgo-ing),喜欢交朋友;
3.爱好:过去喜欢听音乐、上网;现在喜欢看书、打网球。要求:行文流畅;脉络清楚;字迹工整;80词左右。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案
My good friend Mary has changed a lot in the last few years.She used to be short, but now she is much taller than before. She used to have short hair,but now her hair is long. She used to be shy and quiet, but now she is a little outgoing. She has made quite a few friends. She used to like listening to music and surfing the Internet, but now she enjoys reading books. She usually plays tennis after class.
C
请根据表格内容,以自己的家庭为例,写一篇描述你家乡变化的英语短文。
过去 现在
交通方式 自己常常步行去上学 小汽车随处可见
家用电器 整个村子只有一个黑白电视,不知道什么是电脑;夏天用手工扇子( hand-made fan) 自己家就有四台彩色电视;大多数人都有自己的电脑;大多数房子都有空调(air-conditioning）
通信方式 只能写信和远方的朋友或亲戚联系 人们可以随时用手机相互联系
要求:句子结构准确,信息内容完整,篇章结构连贯。80词左右。(短文的开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数)
With the rapid development of the society，many things around our life are changed. Personally speaking, my home town has changed a lot.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
As time passes, my hometown has changed a lot thanks to the social development. I believe there will be much more changes in the future.
答案
With the rapid development of the society，many things around our life are changed.Personally speaking, my home town has changed a lot.
When I was a child,there was only one black and white TV set in our village.And I don't know what's computer. I often went to school on foot. What's more, in summer,my family had to use hand-made fans to make us cool. If I wanted to communicate with friends or relatives far away, the only way was writing letters. It always took a long time and sometimes the letter got lost on the way.
However,nowadays, there are four color televisions in my home and most people have their own computers.And now cars are seen everywhere Moreover.most houses have air-conditioning , which can cool the whole house quickly. With the development of mobile phones, people can get in touch with each other at any time.They can talk or see each other through mobile phones.
As time passes, my hometown has changed a lot thanks to the social development. I believe there will be much more changes in the future.
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Unit 1 知识点复习
译林版八年级下册
复习目标
1.复习现在完成时基本用法。
2.复习现在完成态的标志词，already,yet,ever, just,never, recently,for, since等词的用法。
3.复习怎样写有关变化发展的报告。
现在完成时态的基本用法
[用法—]
现在完成时态表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。这种用法可分为下列两种情况:
1.表示一个动作在过去某时开始,刚刚结束。常与just,al-ready, yet等状语连用。
Amy has just turned off the lamp.od bonurov艾米刚刚关上了灯。(现在灯已不亮了)
l have already taken the books to the office.
我已把书拿到办公室去了。(现在书不在我这儿了)
2.表示过去动作的结果,现在仍存在着。
He has become a worker.
他已当了工人。(他过去当的工人,现在还是)
—Have you posted the photos 你已经寄那些照片了吗
—Yes,l have.I've posted them.是的。我把它们寄走了。(照片已不在我这里了)
现在完成时态还表示从过去已经开始,持续到现在,而且还有可能继续下去的动作或状态。常和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在(包括现在在内)的一段时间状语连用。例如: today,this week , recently , these days, during the last two weeks, in the pastfew years, since yesterday, for three hours, until now, so far(到目前为止)等。
He has stayed in Shenzhen for two weeks.他已在深圳待两周了。(从两周前到现在)
They have known each other since 2000.他们自2000年以来,就彼此认识了。(从2000年到现在)
How many English words have you learned so far 到目前为止,你学了多少英语单词
现在完成时态的基本用法
[用法二]
现在完成时态的标志词
现在完成时态常和already,yet,ever, just,never, recently,for, since等词连用,这些词通常被叫作现在完成时态的“标志词”。
1.already意为“已经”,常用于肯定句中,位于实义动词前，be动词、助动词后;有时也可放在句尾。
I have already borrowed the book from the library.我已经从图书馆借过书了。
Be quick!The teacher has been in the classroom already.快点!老师已经在教室里了。
2.yet用于疑问句中,表示“已经”; yet 用于否定句中时,表示“还,尚未”之意。
Have you heard from your mother yet
你已收到你妈妈的来信了吗
She hasn't paid for the jeans yet.
她还没为那条牛仔裤付钱呢。
3. ever用于疑问句中,表示“曾经”之意。
Has Jack ever been to the Summer Palace
杰克曾去过颐和园吗
7. for后面接一个时间段。可用于肯定句、否定句或疑问句中。
He bas been in London for three years.他来伦敦已三年了。
8.since意为“自从……以来”,后面既可以接一个时间点,也可以接一个一般过去时态的句子,用来表示一段时间。
Millie has had a cold since last Friday.
从上周五开始,米莉就感冒了。(since后接时间点）
I haven't seen her since she left the city.自从她离开这座城市以来我就没见过她。(since后接一般过去时态的向子)
4. just意为“刚刚”,用于肯定句中,位于助动词与过去分词之间。
He's just received a letter.他刚收到一封信。
5.never意为“从来没有”,位于助动词与过去分词之间,表示否定意义。
l have never seen such a beautiful bird.我从来没见过这么漂亮的鸟儿。
6. recently意为“最近,近来”,可用于肯定句、否定句或疑问句中。
We have learned about 200 new words recently.近来我们已学了大约200个生词。
I haven't seen Kitty recently.最近我没见过基蒂。
Have they been there recently 他们最近去过那儿吗
现在完成时态和一般过去时态的区别
现在完成时态和一般过去时态所表示的动作都发生在过去,但现在完成时态强调过去发生的动作与现在的关系,以及对现在造成的影响或结果等,所以不能与表示过去的时间状语连用;而一般过去时态仅表示过去发生的事实,与现在无关,可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。
l have had my breakfast.
我已经吃过早饭了。(强调早饭已吃过了,现在不饿)
I had some bread,an egg and a glass of milk yesterday morning.我昨天早上吃了一此面句，一个鸡蛋和一杯牛奶。(强调过去的行为，当时的情况与现在无关,和表示过去的时间状语连用。)
用所给单词的正确形式填空。
1. ________you ________ ( forget) to bring me the letter yet
2.They _____________(not visit) her for a long time.
3.—How long ________ she ________(be) in Hong Kong
—For over two years.
4.—You ________ (find) your dictionary yet
—Yes.I ________(find) it under the desk an hour ago.
5.Mr Brown ________ already ________ ( come) back from England.
Exercises
Have forgotten
haven't visited
Have
found
has come
has been
用所给的时间副词填空。
already , yet, just , ever , never, since, for , recently
1.Have you learned English ________a long time
2.He has ________ done his homework.
3.—Did you see our teacher just now
—Yes, she has ________ gone to the office.
4.—Have you ________ been to Hainan Island
—No,I have ________ been there.
5.He has had a cold ________ he came here.
for
already
just
ever
never
since
用所给的时间副词填空。
already, yet, just, ever, never, since, for, recently
6.I haven't heard from my friends ________.
7.They have stayed at home ________.
8.Simon has lived here ________ last year.
9.—Have you finished your homework ________
—Yes,I have. I have ____________ finished it.
10.I have been in this city ________ nearly two years.
yet
recently
since
yet
just/already
for
怎样写有关变化发展的报告
写作建议
第一,决定写什么。同学们应该先决定写交通、节日,还是其他方面。
第二,做一些调查。同学们需要查找一些信息(可以通过图书馆、博物馆以及互联网,或与父母、老师的谈话来了解情况)。
第三,制作一张表格。根据了解到的信息把过去与现在的情况进行对比。
第四,动手写作。同学们可以先打草稿,把表格中的信息进行整合,连缀成文,并检查信息表达是否清楚。
常用词汇和基本句型
根据上面写作建议中列出的内容,把写变化和发展的报告需要用到的词汇、句刑列表如下:
Time Things around us Past Present
Transport bike,bus coach,double-decker, underground,
light rail
Environment quiet place, small rivers,fresh air, many tall trees central park，highways，tall buildings around
Developments less developed new flats,many shops
People live in small houses move into new flats
Other phrases change a lot,reduce the pollution,open space,over the past... years,It has become... to do sth. , I feel a bit lonely from time to time. 写作示例
请根据提示写一篇关于你家乡过去和现在的报道。（100词左右)
提示:
Past Present
Transport bike double-deckerlight rail
Environment many tall treesclear waterno good roads central parkwide roadsnew buildings
Life poor live a happy life
写作步骤:
第一步:确定本文时态(用一般过去时、现在完成时和一般现在时)。
第二步:根据提示列出报道家乡过去和现在所需的词汇和句型。
第三步:组织语言材料使之连贯。根据表达的需要适当调整语言材料,同时增加一些符合逻辑的文字使文章完整、优美(词数要符合要求)。
第四步:认真检查。
检查内容包括:
(1) 单词拼写、动词的用法、词形的运用是否正确;
(2) 时态、句型结构是否用对;
(3)大小写、标点符号也要检查。
范文:
My hometown
My hometown is in the northwest of Nanjing. It is small but beautiful.There is a small river around it. Many years ago when I was young, there were many tall trees in our village. And the water in the river was very clear. People lived a hard life.There were no good roads.If we wanted to go to the city, we had to ride a bike. But great changes have taken place in my hometown over the past few years. Many families have got colour TV sets, telephones, fridges, computers and so on.New wide roads, tall buildings, schools,and hospitals have been built. We have moved into new flats. Now we go to the city centre by double-decker or ligh trail.We also have a central park in our hometown. We live a happy life.
A
以“Changes in my hometown”为题,按要求写一篇英语短文,介绍自己家乡的变化。
要求:
1.描述家乡在哪些方面取得了发展;
2.指出发展过程中存在的一些问题;
3.展望一下家乡的未来;
4.60～80个单词。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案
Changes in my hometown
I used to live in a small town with trees all around.There was no tall building and the only street was narrow. Just out side the town, there was a river. You can see different kinds of fishes swimming in the clear water. People here lived a simple life.
Great changes have taken place in the past few years. You can see tall buildings, big department stores and factories every-where. Different kinds of cars and buses are running in the wide streets. But with the development of the industry, we have fewer trees.Air and water pollution is becoming more and more serious. We must do something to stop pollution and make our town even more beautiful.
B
根据提示,简要介绍你的朋友Mary 的成长变化。
要点:1.外貌:过去个子矮,短发;现在个子高,长发;
2.性格:过去害羞(shy),文静(quiet);现在有些外向(outgo-ing),喜欢交朋友;
3.爱好:过去喜欢听音乐、上网;现在喜欢看书、打网球。
要求:行文流畅;脉络清楚;字迹工整;80词左右。
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答案
My good friend Mary has changed a lot in the last few years.She used to be short, but now she is much taller than before. She used to have short hair,but now her hair is long. She used to be shy and quiet, but now she is a little outgoing. She has made quite a few friends. She used to like listening to music and surfing the Internet, but now she enjoys reading books. She usually plays tennis after class.
C
请根据表格内容,以自己的家庭为例,写一篇描述你家乡变化的英语短文。
过去 现在
交通方式 自己常常步行去上学 小汽车随处可见
家用电器 整个村子只有一个黑白电视,不知道什么是电脑;夏天用手工扇子( hand-made fan) 自己家就有四台彩色电视;大多数人都有自己的电脑;大多数房子都有空调(air-conditioning）
通信方式 只能写信和远方的朋友或亲戚联系 人们可以随时用手机相互联系
要求:句子结构准确,信息内容完整,篇章结构连贯。80词左右。(短文的开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数)
With the rapid development of the society，many things around our life are changed. Personally speaking, my home town has changed a lot.
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As time passes, my hometown has changed a lot thanks to the social development. I believe there will be much more changes in the future.
答案
With the rapid development of the society，many things around our life are changed.Personally speaking, my home town has changed a lot.
When I was a child,there was only one black and white TV set in our village.And I don't know what's computer. I often went to school on foot. What's more, in summer,my family had to use hand-made fans to make us cool. If I wanted to communicate with friends or relatives far away, the only way was writing letters. It always took a long time and sometimes the letter got lost on the way.
However,nowadays, there are four color televisions in my home and most people have their own computers.And now cars are seen everywhere Moreover.most houses have air-conditioning , which can cool the whole house quickly. With the development of mobile phones, people can get in touch with each other at any time.They can talk or see each other through mobile phones.
As time passes, my hometown has changed a lot thanks to the social development. I believe there will be much more changes in the future.
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