新课标 Unit 1 Past and Present 单元知识点复习（课件+学案）

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Unit 1 知识点复习
译林版八年级下册
复习目标
1.复习本单元重点单词，短语的拼写与运用。
2.复习本单元重点句式的运用。
3.培养学生积极健康的心态，使学生学会谈论事情的发展变化，明白事物是不断发展，变化的。
1. past
2. present
3. just
4. used to
5. since
6. ever
7. northern
8. married
9. wife
10. block
【重点单词】
过去
现在，目前
刚才
曾经
自…以来
曾经
北方的，北部的
已婚的，结婚的
妻子
街区
11. since
12. over
13. turn … into
14. pollution
15. factory
16. waste
17. realize(=realise)
18. improve
19. situation
20. in some ways
自…以来
在…期间
把…变成…
污染；污染物
工厂
废料；废品
意识到；实现
改进，改善
形势，情况
在某种程度上
21. impossible
22. before
23. lonely
24. from time to time
25. anyway
26. husband
27. interview
28. all one s life
29. yet
30. recently
【重点单词】
不可能的
以前，过去，已经
孤独的，寂寞的
不时，有时，偶尔
尽管，即使这样
丈夫
采访；会见
一生
还，仍
近来，最近
31. past
32. environment
33. transport
34. condition
35. return
36. last
37. abroad
38. primary
39. keep in touch(with)
municate
过去的
环境
交通车辆，运输工具
环境，条件，状况
返回
最近，上一次；最后
到(在)国外
小学教育的；初级的
保持联系
交流，交际
【重点词组】
1.in the bowl an hour ago
2.used to do sth.
3.do a history project on the changes in Beijing
over the years
4.write a report on the changes in your home town
5.know about the different forms of transport
6.talk about transport at different times
7.take turns to do sth.
8. go to school by bike
9.wait for the next one
10.go to school by bus
1.一个小时之前在碗里的
2.过去常常做某事
3.做个有关这些年北京的变化的历史调查
4.写一个有关你家乡的变化的报道
5.对不同形式的交通工具很了解
6.讨论不同时期的交通工具
7.轮流做某事
8.骑自行车去学校
9.等下一辆车
10.乘公交车去学校
【重点词组】
11.interview sb. to get some information
12.know sunshine town very well
13.be born
14.move house
15.in the northern part of town
16.get married to sb.
17.marry sb. to sb.
18.move two blocks away
19.live in this area
20.since then
11.为了得到些信息采访某人
12.对阳光镇很了解
13.出生
14.搬家
15.在这个镇的西部
16.和某人结婚
17.把某人嫁给某人
18.搬到两个街区以外
19.住在这个地区
20.自从那以后
21.over the years
22.in the town centre
23.turn/change/put sth. into
24.a steel factory
25.put the waste into the river
26.take action to improve the situation
27.in some ways
28.most of my old friends
29.move away
30.see each other as often as before
【重点词组】
21.这些年
22.在镇中心
23.把某物变成某物
24.一个钢铁厂
25.把垃圾倒入河里
26.采取行动改善这种情况
27.在某些方面
28.大部分我的老朋友
29.搬走
30.像以前一样经常看到对方
【重点词组】
31.play cards and Chinese chess
32.feel a bit lonely
33.from time to time
34.because of being alone
35.a group of buildings with streets on all sides 36.interview sb.
37.all his life
38.in the past
39.make some notes
40.waste sth. on sth./ sb.
31.打牌和下棋
32.感到有点孤单
33.有时
34.因为独自一人
35.街道两边全是高楼
36.采访某人
37.整个他的一生
38.在过去
39.做些笔记
40.浪费某物在某物/某人上
41.repair over ten bicycles
42.teach sb. a lot about the history of China
43.talk about a film about the history of Beijing
44.learn more about Beijing’s past and present
45.hear about/of
46.living conditions
47.return sth. to sb.
48.go abroad
49.at primary school
50.keep in touch with each other
【重点词组】
41.修理超过10辆自行车
42.教我很多有关中国的历史
43.讨论一个有关北京历史的影片
44.对北京的过去和现在了解更多
45.听说
46.居住条件
47.把某物归还给某人
48.去国外
49.在小学
50.互相保持联系
51.make communication much easier
52.take place
53.green hills all around
54.a river runs through the centre of town
55.get used to the changes of life
56.on one’s own
57.throw rubbish
58.in some large open spaces
59.move into new flats
60.in their free time
【重点词组】
51.使得联系更容易
52.发生、举行
53.到处都是绿山
54.一条小河穿过镇中心
55.习惯了生活的变化
56.独自
57.扔垃圾
58.在一些大的开阔的地方
59.搬到新公寓去
60.在他们业余时间
1.There were always too many people on the bus, and it took a long time to wait for the next one.
2.It has become impossible for us to see each other as often as before.
3.Amazing changes have taken place in Sunshine Town.
4.Local people used to live in old houses,but now,most of them have moved into new flats.
【重点句型】
公共汽车上总是有太多的人，并且要花费很长时间等待下一趟。
对我们来说像以前一样经常见到彼此已经不可能。
Sunshine Town 已经发生了惊人的变化。
当地人过去常常居住在旧房子里，但是现在他们大多数已经搬到了新的公寓。
5.We mainly communicate by email.The Internet makes communication much easier.
6.It is not easy to get used to the changes of life quickly.
7.My uncle used to live in the city,but now he is used to living in the countryside.
8.I have to spend more time on my homework than before.
【重点句型】
我们主要通过电子邮件交流，网络使交流变得更加容易。
习惯生活的快速变化是不容易的。
我叔叔过去居住在城市，但现在他习惯于居住在乡下。
比起以前我不得不花费更多的时间在我的家庭作业上。
【考点复习】
1.It was in the bowl an hour ago.一个小时之前它还在碗里。
【解读】句中的ago是副词,意为“……以前”。ago不能单独使用,常跟在表示一段时间的单词或短语之后。
e. g.Tom went to Beijing 3 years ago.汤姆三年前去了北京。
【辨析】ago和 before
(1)“时间段＋ago”表示从说话时刻算起的若干时间以前,常用于一般过去时。“时间段＋before”表示从过去某一时刻起,若干时间以前,与过去完成时连用。
e.g. He met her three days ago.他三天前碰到过她。He said he had met her three days before.他说他三天前碰到过她。
(2)ago不能单独使用,而before可以单独使用,与一般岁时或现在完成时连用时,表示“不明确的以前”。
e.g. I have never seen him before.我以前从未见过他。I told you about that thing before.我以前告诉过你那件事。
(3) before还可以作介词,后接时间点,也可以作连词,引导时间状语从句,而ago则不能作介词和连词。
e. g. Mary will come back before nine o'clock.玛丽会在9点之前回来。
Don't forget to turn off the lights before you leave home.在你离开家之前,不要忘记关灯。
【应用】用ago或者 before填空。
(1)Miss Chen will call me ________ she leaves Beijing for Shenzhen.
(2)Kate and her mother went to Japan a week _______.
(3) l saw the film two months_______.
(4)We must come to school _______ half past seven.
before
ago
before
ago
2.Eddie,have you seen my food 埃迪,你看到我的食物了吗
【解读】此句用的是现在完成时的一般疑问句。现在完成时由“have/has＋动词的过去分词”构成。现在完成时态主要在以下两种情形下使用:
(1)表示从过去持续到现在的动作或状态;
(2) 表示已完成但对现在有一定影响的动作。
【拓展】现在完成时的各种句式及回答
(1) 肯定句式:主语十have/has＋过去分词
(2) 否定句式:主语十haven't/hasn't十过去分词
疑问句式;
Have/Has＋主语十过去分词十…
肯,否定回答:
Yes,主语十have/has; No,主语十haven't/hasn't.
e.g.You've changed. 你变了。
She has lived here for ten years.她在这里住10年了。
—Have you finished your homework 你完成你的家庭作业了吗
—No,1 haven 't. 不,没有完成。
【应用】
(1)—Yon seem to know much about the city.
—That's true.I _______ it three times.
A. visited B had visited C. have visited D.will visit
(2)I'm sorry you _________ the wonderful football game.It was just over.
A. have lost B. have missed C.are missing D.will lose
C
B
3.You used to share food with me!你过去常常与我分享食物!
【解读】(1)used to意为“曾经;过去常常”,表示过去存在的状态,或过去经常做某事而现在不做了。该结构中 to为不定式符号,后接动词原形。
【拓展】used to的各种句式:
①肯定句:主语十used to＋动词原形。
e. g.The river used to be clean.这条河以前是干净的。
I used to read English in the morning.我过去常常早上读英语。
②否定句:主语十didn't use to十动词原形。或主语十used not to十动词原形。
e.g. The old man didn't use to eat apples. /The old man usedn't to eat apples.
这个老人过去经常不吃苹果。
③一般疑问句:Did＋主语＋use to十动词原形 或Used十主语＋to＋动词原形
e.g.—Did he use to play computer games /Used he to play computer games
他过去经常玩电脑游戏吗
-Yes,he did./Yes, he used to.是的,他经常玩。
④反意疑问句;陈述句＋did(n't)十主语
或陈述句十used(n't)十主语
There used to be an old tree behind my house,didn't/usedn't there
过去在我家房子后面有一棵老树,对不对
She used to have short hair, didn't/usedn't she
她过去留着短发,对吗
(2)share及物动词,意为“共用,分享”。
share... with sb.意为“与某人分享/共用……”。
e.g.Mary and 1 share a room.我和玛丽合住一个房间。
She shared her lunch with her friend.她与她的朋友分享她的午饭。
【应用】
(1)Uncle Wang looks so fine in recent days.He _____a lot, but he has given it up.
A. was used to smoke B. used to smoke C. used to smoking D.is used to smoking
(2)There used to be a hotel here,_______
A. isn't there B. wasn't there C. didn't there D.did there
(3)_______you _______to go to the park when you were children
A. Did; use B. Do ; used C. Are;used D. Were;used
(4)Taiwan is part of China. We____ the same history and culture.
A.explain B.express C. connect D. share
B
C
A
D
【辨析】used to do sth. , be used to doing sth., be used to do sth.
①used to do sth.只用于过去时,表示过去存在但现在已经停止的情况或习惯。
②be used to doing sth.意为“习惯于做某事”。
e.g. My father used to watch TV after supper but now he is used to helping mum do the housework.
我爸爸过去常堂陷饭后看电视,但是现在他习惯帮妈妈做家务。
③be used to do sth.意为“被用来做某事”是一种被动语态。
e.g.This knife is used to cut bread.这把刀子是用来切面包的。
4. Why didn't you take a bus 你为什么不乘公共汽车呢
【解读】此处take表示“乘,坐”。“take+a/the＋交通工具名词”表示“乘、坐……交通工具”。
e. g.Let's take a taxi to the restaurant.咱们搭出租车到那家餐厅去吧。
【拓展】交通方式的其他表示方法:
(1)“by+交通工具名词”表示“乘，坐......”。此时交通工具的名词只能用单数,不能用复数,也不能被冠词或物主代词等限定。如: by bicycle,by car, by taxi,by bus, by boat, by ship, by plane等。
e. g. I go to school by bus,but my father goes to work by underground.
(2)“by＋交通路线的位置(地理名词)”表示“由……途径”，如: by water(从水路), by sea(从海路), by air(乘飞机)等。
e. g. We are going to England by air.我们打算乘飞机去英国。
(3)"in/on+限定词＋交通工具名词”表示“乘、坐……”,相当于“by+交通工具名词”。不过, in多用于封闭式交通工具, on则多用于开放式或半封闭式交通工具。如in a plane/taxi/car=by plane/taxi/car;on a bike=by bike。
e.g. He often goes to school on a/his bike.他经常骑自行车去上学。
【注意】对交通方式提问,要用特殊疑问词how。
e.g.—How will they go to the zoo 他们将怎么去动物园
—They will go there by bus.他们将乘公交车去。
【应用】Jeff goes to work _______ and his wife goes to work
A.by car;on her bike B. by a car;on her bike
C. by cars; by bikes D. by his car; by bike
A
5....and it took a long time to wait for the next one.……
并且等候下一班车要用很长时间。
【解读】
(1)这是一个“It takes(sb. ) some time to do sth.”句型,意为“(某人)花费多长时间做某事”,it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的动词不定式。
It takes about ten minutes to get to school by bus from the bus stop.从公共汽车站乘车到学校大约需要10分钟。
(2)one在此用作代词,指代单数的人或物。
This coat is too small. Do you have a bigger one 这件大衣太小了,你有大一点儿的吗 （one在此指代coat)
【拓展】ones 作代词,指代复数的人或物。
l don't like the coloured envelopes.I like the white ones.我不克欢这此彩色信封.我喜欢那些白色的。(ones在此指代envelopes)
【辨析】one,it与that
三者均可用作代词,指代前面提到的名词。一般来说,one表示泛指,指代同类事物中的任何一个。that和it表示特指,that与所指名词为同类,但不是同一个;而it与所指名词为同一个。
e.g.I can't find my hat. I think I must buy one.(泛指)我找不到我的帽子了。我想我该去买一顶。
The hat you bought is bigger than that 1 bought.(同类但不同个)
你买的那顶帽子比我买的大。
l can't find my hat.I don't know where I put it.(同一物)
我找不到我的帽子。我不知道我把它放在哪儿了。
1.Has the town changed a lot over the years 近几年来城自里的变化很大吗
【解读】(1)a lot在此是副词短语,在句中作程度状语,意为“很,非常”,常用来修饰动词、感叹词、形容词或副词的比较级。
e.g. It usually rains a lot at this time of year.
每年这个时候都会经常下雨。(修饰动词rain)
Thanks a lot for the coffee.
多谢你请我喝咖啡。(修饰动词thank)
You came a lot earlier than me.
你来得比我早多了。(修饰比较级earlier)
【拓展】
a lot还可以用作名词短语,表示“许多,大量”,在句中作主语、宾语或表语,其后常有动词不定式短语作后置定语。
e.g. Sometimes we have very little snow, but sometimes there's a lot.有时我们这儿雪很少,有时却又很多。(作主语)
He's given her a lot to eat.
他给了她许多好吃的东西。(作宾语)
(2)over the years 意为“在这几年间,这些年来”,多用于现在完成时。over在此作介词,意为“在……期间”。
e.g. He has grown into a big boy over the years.几年间他已经长成了一个大男孩。
【应用】
(1) We can learn_______ about USA from the book.
A.a lot of B. lot of C. lots of D. a lot
(2)这些年来,她给我们带来了不少的幸福。
She____________ us so much happiness__________________.
has brought over the years
D
2.Now the government has turned part of the town centre into a new park.如今,政府已经把市中心的一部分改成了一个新公园。
【解读】短语turn.. . into...(=change...into...)表示“把……变成-……”,而turn into...则表示“变成……”。
e g.I am going to turn this classroom into a playroom for the students.我准备把这间教室变为学生们的游戏室。
The water turned into ice last night.昨晚水结成了冰。
【归纳】turn常构成以下短语:
turn on开 turn off 关 turn up调高(指音量) turn down调低(指音量) turn around 转身 by turns 轮流;交替 in turn依次;轮流 turn in交出;上交 take one's turn依次;轮流 it's one's turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事
【应用】
I love this song by Lady Gaga. Would you ______ the TV a bit, please I can't hear it clearly.
A. turn on B.turn off C.turn up D. turn down
C
3. Later the government realized the problem and took actionto improve the situation.后来政府意识到了这个问题并采取措施改善了情况。
【解读】(1)realize在此用作及物动词,意为“认识到,明白,意识到”。
e.g. He could not realize the danger.他意识不到危险。
The villagers didn't realize how serious the pollution was until all the fish in the river died.直到河里的鱼都死了,村民们才认识到了污染的严重性。
【拓展】
realize还可以表示“实现”。
e.g.My dream has been realized.我的梦想实现了。
(2)take action( to do sth.)意为“采取行动(做某事)”, action在该短语中是不可数名词,表示“行动,措施”。
e.g. We must take action before it is too late.我们必须及早采取行动,否则来不及了。
They took action to protect wild animals.他们采取行动保护野生动物。
(3)improve在此用作及物动词,意为“改进,改善”,它的名词形式是improvement。
e.g. I want to improve my English.我想提高我的英语水平。
【应用】
(1)Last Thursday when I got to the station,I ______ I had left my ticket at home.
A. Understood B. realized C. believed D. seemed
(2)The city is trying to ________ the living environment of the people.
A. Improve B. rise C. lift D.increase
(3)我们不得不采取行动来制止他们。
We have to __________ stop them.
B
A
take action to
4. It has become impossible for us to see each other as often as before.对于我们来说再像以前那样经常地互相见面是不可能了。
【解读】1)本句型结构是“It is＋形容词(十for sb. )+to do sth..”,意为“做某事(对某人来说)是……的。”动词不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语,而将动词不定式放在谓语或表语之后。如果要说明动词不定式的动作是谁做的,可在不定式前加一个for引起的每语,作不定式的逻辑主语。
It is not easy to learn a foreign language well.学好一门外语是不容易的。
【拓展】如果表语是kind，nice, clever, foolish, polite等描述人的性格,品质的形容词，则应在不定式前加个of引起的短语作逻辑主语。
It is very kind of you to lend me so much money.你真好,借给我这么多钱。
(2)as...as...意为“像……一样……”,中间用形容词或副词原级。as... as...的否定形式是not so/ as... as...，意为“不如……”。
e.g. He runs as fast as a deer.他跑得像鹿一样快。
Mary doesn't sing as well as Lucy.玛丽唱歌不如露西唱得好。
She is not so honest as she used to be.一自继人出个唯她不像以前那么诚实了。
【应用】
(1) ________ generous ________ the little girl to share her toys with the other kids.
A. It's;of B.That's;of C. It's; for D That's; for
(2)—English isn't as________as Chinese.
—Maybe, perhaps it's just because Chinese is your native language.
A.easy B.easily C.easier D.easiest
A
A
5. Now 1 feel a bit lonely from 来中人接w an觉得有点孤单。
【解读】(1)a bit意为“有点儿”,表示程度,后可跟形容词、副词的原级或比较级,相当于a little。
e. g.I'm a bit tired.我有点累。
This coat is a bit larger for me.
这件外套对我来说有点儿大。
【辨析】a bit与a little
①二者都是表程度的副词短语,修饰形容词、副词原级或比较级时,意义相同,意为“一点儿,有些”。
e. g. I am a bit/a little hungry.我有点儿饿。
He walked a bit/a little slowly.他走路有点儿慢。
②二者都可以作为名词短语,充当主语或宾语。
eg.A little/bit is enough for me.我有一点儿就够了。
I know only a little/a bit about her.我对她的情况只了解一点儿。
③a little可直接修饰名词,a bit后须加of才可以修饰名词。
e. g.There is a little water in the bottle. =There is a bit of water in the bottle.
瓶子里有一点儿水。
【注意】not a little 作状语时,相当于 very/quite,意为“很、非常”;作定语和宾语时,相当于 much,意为“许多”。而not a bit作状语时,相当千not at all,意为“一点也不”;作宾语时则相当于not much。
He is not a little(=very)hungry.他饿极了。She ate not a little(=much).她吃得很多。
He is not a bit(=not at all)hungry.他一点儿也不饿。
【辨析】lonely与alone
①lonely形容词,表示“孤单的,寂寞的;荒凉的”,指人孤独、寂寞,也指地方荒无人烟,有浓厚的感彩,可作定语或表语。
e. g.Living in a big city can make people feel lonely some-times.生活在大城市有时会让人感到寂寞。
She lives in a lonely mountain village.她生活在一个偏僻的山村。
alone用作形容词或副词,表示“单独的(地),独自的(地)”,不含感彩,强调“单独”,形容词alone一般作表语而不作定语。
e. g. I never feel lonely when I am alone.我一个人时从不感到寂寞。
The old man lives alone on the hill.那个老人独自一人在山上居住。
【应用】
(1)—I am______ hungry.Could 1 eat some bread
—Yes. But there is only bread left at home.
A. a little;a bit B.a bit of;a bit
C.a bit;a bit of D.a bit;a little of
(2)Mr Zhao lives in the house by himself all his life, and he often feels_______.
A. along B. alone C. lonely D. hungry
C
C
6.Amazing changes have taken place in Sunshine Town.在阳光城发生了令人惊叹的变化。
【解读】(1)change在这里用作可数名词,表示“变化,改变”。
e.g. There have been great changes over the years in Nanjing.南京近几年来变化很大。
【拓展】①change还可用作不可数名词,表示“零钱,找零”。
e. g. This is your change,and your ticket.这是找给您的钱,还有车票。
change还可用作动词,表示“变化,改变”,change...into...表示“把……弯成……”,相当于turn... into... 。
e.g.Society has changed a lot in the last hundred years.近百年来社会发生了很大的变化。
(1) take place表示“发生”,与 happen意思相近,但用法有区别。take place常指经过安排而发生,而happen常指偶然发生，它们都只用于主动语态,没有被动语态。
e.g.Great changes have taken place here since last year.自去年以来,这里发生了巨大的变化。
The car accident happened on Sunday night.
车祸发生在星期天晚上。
【拓展】
①take place还可表示“举行,举办”,相当于be held.
e. g.The celebration ceremony takes place/is held in July each year.庆祝典礼在每年七月举行。
happen还可以表示“碰巧,恰好”, happen to do sth.表示“碰巧做某事”。
e.g.I happened to see him on my way home.我在回家的路上碰巧遇见了他。
【应用】
选词填空(happen/take place)。
(1)A bad accident ___________ to that family.
(2) What __________ when you told him the news
(3)The Olympic Games ___________ every tour years.
happened
happened
take place
Oh, I think I have heard about the film.哦,我想我听说过这部电影。
【解读】hear about意为“听说”,指通过他人的告知、网络、电视、报纸等媒介间接地知道有关……的情况,也可用hear of。
e. g. 1 don't know the writer, but I have heard about/of him.我不认识这位作家,但听说过。
【拓展】hear from表示“收到……的来信”。
e.g. I hear from my parents every month.我每月都收到父母的来信。
【应用】We have never visited the museum, but we haveit.
A. stood for B. belonged to
C.heard about D. kept to
答案:C
1.hope I can visit it again.我希望我能再次参观那儿。
【解读】该句包含一个定语从句 , hope后面省略了连接词that。hope后面的句子充当其定语,即定语从句,其主句为“I hope(that)...”,宾语从句的时态常用-般现在时或一般将来时。如:
l hope you'll come early.我希望你早点来。
【拓展】
(1) hope 还可用不定式作宾语,hope to do sth识为“希望做某事”。
如:He hopes to see his parents soon.他希望很快见到他的父母。
(2)如果hope之前的主语和 hope 之后的宾语从句的主语相同，可以转换成hope to do sth.结构。如:
I hope I can get back before six. (=hope to get back before six.)我希望六点之前能回到家。
【注意】hope作动词时,后面可接不定式或宾语从句,但不能接复合宾语,即不能使用hope sb. to do sth.的形式。
[译]我们都希望你能获奖。
[误]We all hope you to win the prize.
[正]We all hope that you will win the prize.
【应用】同义句转换。
The woman hopes that she'll be better soon.
The woman hopes _______ _______better soon.
to be
2. When did you last see each other 你们上次见面是仕时候
【解读】last在此处用作副词,意为“最近,上一次;
last既可位于动词之前,也可位于动词之后。
e. g. I last saw him in Shanghai two years ago.=l saw him last in Shanghai two years ago.我上一次是两年前在上海见到他的。
【拓展】
(1)last还可用作形容词,表示“最近的;上一个的;末尾的;最后的”。
e.g. I thought her last book was one of her best.我认为她最近出版的那本书是她的最佳著作之一。
I dreamt about flying last night.昨晚我梦见我在飞翔。
(2)last还可用作动词,表示“持续;维持”。
e. g. The festival lasted two days.节日持续了两天。
The hot weather lasted until September.炎热的天气持续到九月。
【应用】
—How long did your birthday party_______ last night
—Two hours.
A. turn B. last C. get D.stay
B
3.So how do you keep in touch with each other 那你们是如何保持联系的呢
【解读】此处keep是一个延续性动词,表示一种状态的持续。keep in touch with sb.意为“与某人保持联系”,也可用stay in touch with sb.表示。
e.g. Please keep/stay in touch with us while you are in Hong Kong.
你在香港的时候,请和我们保持联系。
【拓展】
get in touch with sb.表示“与……取得联系”; losetouch with sb.表示“同……失去联系”。
e. g.How did you get in touch with your former teacher 你是如何同你以前的老师联系上的
I don't know you have lost touch with her.我不知道你同她失去了联系。
【应用】虽然我们生活在不同的城市,但我们一直保持着联系。
We live in different cities, but we still __________________ each other.
keep in touch with
1.The new shopping mall is a good place to have fun.这家新的购物中心是一个玩乐的好地方。
【解读】（1）have fun意为“玩得开心,玩得高兴”, have fun(in)doing sth...意为“做某事有乐趣”。
e.g. We had fun (in) playing computer games.我们玩电脑游戏很愉快。
【拓展】“玩得高兴”还可以用have a good/great/ wonderful time,enjoy oneself 等来表达。
e. g. You're sure to have fun/have a good time/enjoy yourself at the party tonight.你在今晚的晚会上一定会玩得很开心。
(2)句中动词不定式短语to have fun作定语,修饰place。动词不定式短语作后置定语,可修饰名词、复合不定代词等。
e.g.Simon is always the first student to get to seh任西蒙总是第一个到校的学生。
Do you have anything to say about this 有关这件事你有没有什么要说的
【应用】
(1)—I am going to go swimming with my classmates.
—________.
A. Have fun B.I’m sure of it C. What a pity D. With pleasure
(2)—Why don't you go out to play,Rose
—I'm afraid I can't. I have much homework _______.
A.do B does C. doing D. to do
A
D
2.It is not easy to get used to the changes of life quickly.很快适应生活的变化不容易。
【解读】get/be used to表示“习惯于,适应于”,其中 to是介词,后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
【注意】get在该短语中作连系动词,表示“变得”,强调动作;be强调状态。
e.g. I have got used to the food here.我已经习惯了这里的食物。
He's not quite got used to the weather here yet.他还不太习惯这里的天气。
My mother is used to going shopping on Sundays.我妈妈习惯于星期天购物。
【拓展】(1)used to do sth.表示“过去常常做某事”。
e.g. He used to go fishing on Sundays.他以前常在星期天去钓鱼。
(2) be used to do sth.意为“被用来做某事”; be used for(doing)sth.意为“被用于(做)某事”; be used by意为“被……使用”，后跟动作的执行者。这三个短语都是use的被动语态。
e. g.The quilt is used to keep warm.
=The quilt is used for keeping warm.被子是用来保暖的。
English is widely used by people all over the world.英语被全世界的人广泛使用。
【应用】
(1)He used to _______ in a small village,but now he has been used to ________ in the big city.
A. live; living B. live; live C. living; living D.living;live
(2)We ______ in this pool when we were young,but now it _____ fish.
A.are used to swim; used to keep
B.are used to swimming;is used to keep
C.used to swim ; used to keep
D. used to swim; is used for keeping
A
D
3. Now I go to school by bus on my own,现在我独自乘公共汽车去上学。
【解读】on my own是介词短语起副词功能,在句中作方式状语;on one's own的意思是“独自地,独立地”,相当于by oneself或alone。
e.g.He runs a factory on his own.他独自经营一家工厂。
【拓展】of one's own起形容词功能,在句中作定语,修饰该短语前面的名词,表示“自己的,特有的”。
e. g.I want a room of my own.我想要一个自己的房间。
She always has a mind of her own.她一贯有自己的见解。
【应用】
Can you finish the work by yourself (同义句)
(1)Can you finish the work ________
(2)Can you finish the work ________ ________ ________
alone
on your own
4. I have to spend more time homework than before.我不得不花费比以前更多的时间做作业。
【解读】spend是及物动词,音为“花费”,可以指花费时间或金钱。spend 的两个营田句刑具“S spend(s) some time/money on sth.”和“Sb. spend( s ) some time/money ( in) doing sth.”
e.g.Lily spent twenty dollars on the new dress.莉莉花20美元买了这件新衣服。
Lily spends two hours (in) doing her homework every day.莉莉每天花两个小时写作业。
【辨析】spend , pay,take与 cost
spend 主语是人 ①spend...on sth.②spend...( in)doing sth. 花费时间或金钱
pay 主语是人 ①pay for sth.②pay sb. for sth. 为……支付金钱
take 主语通常是it It takes sb. some time to do sth. 花费时间
cost 主语通常是it sth. costs(sb.)some money 花费金钱
e.g.He used to spend all his money on food and drink.他过去把钱都花在吃喝上。
They spent two years (in) building this bridge.造这座桥花了他们两年时间。
How much did you pay for the food 你买这些食物花了多少钱
He has paid the doctor 50 pounds for the medicine.他买药已付医生50英镑。
It took me three years to draw the beautiful horses.画这些漂亮的马花费了我3年时间。
The car cost him around ten thousand dollars.这车花去他一万美元左右。
【应用】
选词填空。cost, take,spend, pay
(1)The woman usually ______ a lot of money on clothes
(2)How much does the sweater ______
(3)It ___________ me twenty yuan to buy this book.
(4)Her mother couldn't ______ for her education.
(5)The boy ______ one hour playing soccer every day.
spends
cost
took/takes
pay
spends
Moreover , mobile phones make communication easier now.并且,现在手机使得交流更加容易。
【解读(1)moreover作副词,意为“此外;再者;加之”,常用于句首作状语,表示意思上的顺承或递进。
e.g. I don't like skating. Moreover,the ice is too thin.我不喜欢滑冰,而且冰又太薄。
(2)easier在句中充当宾语补足语。“make sb. /sth.+adj.”结构意为“使某人/某物……”,形容词作宾语补足语。
e. g. The song makes me happy.那首歌曲使我高兴。His words made his father angry.
他的话使他的爸爸很生气。
【拓展】make sb./ sth....后面可以用名词或不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。
e. g. We made Jack our monitor.我们选杰克当班长。
Mrs Liu makes us read English every morning.刘老师让我们每天早上都读英语。
【应用】
(1)根据句意及首字母提示完成单词。
The price of the house is too high. M__________,it's too old.
(2)—We all like Miss Wang.
—l agree with you.She always makes her English classes _______.
A. interested B interest C. interesting
(3 ）The peaceful music in the CD made the students _______relaxed.
A. feel B. feels C. felt D. to feel
Moreover
C
A
单词拼写
1．I want something to eat because I am__________(饥饿的)．
2．Tom has_________(改变) a lot．He always wanted to play with others but now he doesn’t．
3．There are different forms of __________(交通工具) at different times．
4．My food was here just now．Who has__________(吃) it
5．My classmates are_________(友好的) to me．They often help me．
hungry
changed
transport
ate
friendly
用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空
1. Now the rivers in the park are much_______ (clean).
2. Many people from the poor villages have_______ (move) to the cities.
3. —There are great___________ in your hometown.
—Yes. It_____________ a lot in the past few years. (change)
4. There is less air_______ (pollute) in the small village. I like going there on vacation.
5. —Is she_______ (marry)
—Yes. Her husband is Mr Green.
cleaner
moved
changes
has changed
pollution
married
用方框中所给动词的适当形式填空。
return communicate go read change
1.--Is your father at home
--No, I'm afraid he _______ out.
2. She ______to China with her parents in 2008.
3. Sunshine Town _______ a lot over the years.
4. Look! The twin boys ________ ___ with each other by email.
5. I ________ an interesting book at seven last night.
has gone
returned
has changed
are communicating
was reading
翻译句子。
1．我把地图丢了，之后我迷路了。
I ________ ________ my map, then I________ ________．
2．它在钟楼附近，不是吗？
It’s ________ ________the clock tower, ________ ________
3．让我告诉你怎么去火车站吧。
Let me show you________ ________ get to the railway station.
4．然而大多数年轻人感到开心，因为变化给他们带来了现代化的生活。
________, most young people________ ________because the changes________ ________ them a ________ life.
have lost am lost
next to isn't it
how to
However feel happy have
brought modern
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Unit 1
复习目标
复习本单元重点单词。
复习本单元重点短语。
复习本单元重点句型。
考点复习精讲。
复习
【重点单词】
1. past 过去
2. present 现在，目前
3. just 刚才
4. used to 曾经
5. since 自…以来
6. ever 曾经
7. northern 北方的，北部的
8. married 已婚的，结婚的
9. wife 妻子
10. block 街区
11. since 自…以来
12. over 在…期间
13. turn … into 把…变成…
14. pollution 污染；污染物
15. factory 工厂
16. waste 废料；废品
17. realize(=realise) 意识到；实现
18. improve 改进，改善
19. situation 形势，情况
20. in some ways 在某种程度上
21. impossible 不可能的
22. before 以前，过去，已经
23. lonely 孤独的，寂寞的
24. from time to time 不时，有时，偶尔
25. anyway 尽管，即使这样
26. husband 丈夫
27. interview 采访；会见
28. all one s life 一生
29. yet 还，仍
30. recently 近来，最近
31. past 过去的
32. environment 环境
33. transport 交通车辆，运输工具
34. condition 环境，条件，状况
35. return 返回
36. last 最近，上一次；最后
37. abroad 到(在)国外
38. primary 小学教育的；初级的
39. keep in touch(with) 保持联系
municate 交流，交际
41. communication 交流，交际
42. exactly (答语)正是，没错
43. be/ get used to 习惯于，适应于
44. narrow 狭窄的
45. open space 开阔的空地
【重点词组】
1.in the bowl an hour ago
一个小时之前在碗里的
2.used to do sth.过去常常做某事
be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事
be used to do sth. 被用来做某事
3.do a history project on the changes in Beijing over the years
做个有关这些年北京的变化的历史调查
4.write a report on the changes in your home town
写一个有关你家乡的变化的报道
5.know about the different forms of transport
对不同形式的交通工具很了解
6.talk about transport at different times
讨论不同时期的交通工具
7.take turns to do sth.=do sth. by turns
轮流做某事
8.go to school by bike = ride a bike to school
骑自行车去学校
9.wait for the next one 等下一辆车
10.go to school by bus= take a bus to school= go to school on the bus 乘公交车去学校
11.interview sb. to get some information 为了得到些信息采访某人
12.know sunshine town very well 对阳光镇很了解
13.be born 出生
14.move house 搬家
15.in the northern part of town
在这个镇的西部
16.get married to sb.= marry sb.= be married to sb.
和某人结婚
17.marry sb. to sb. 把某人嫁给某人
18.move two blocks away
搬到两个街区以外
19.live in this area 住在这个地区
20.since then 自从那以后
since I was born/ since last Saturday/since three days ago
21.over the years 这些年
over the past century 在过去的几个世纪
22.in the town centre= in the centre of the town 在镇中心
23.turn/change/put sth. into 把某物变成某物
24.a steel factory 一个钢铁厂
25.put the waste into the river 把垃圾倒入河里
put down 记下
put away 收好
put on 穿上
put off 推迟、延期
26.take action to improve the situation
采取行动改善这种情况
27.in some ways 在某些方面
on the way (to ) 在……的路上
by the way 顺便说
no way 没门
in any way 无论如何
28.most of my old friends
大部分我的老朋友
29.move away 搬走/move to(into) another town
30.see each other as often as before
像以前一样经常看到对方
31.play cards and Chinese chess 打牌和下棋
32.feel a bit lonely 感到有点孤单
33.from time to time = at times = sometimes 有时
34.because of being alone 因为独自一人
35.a group of buildings with streets on all sides
街道两边全是高楼
on both sides/ on each side
36.interview sb.= have an interview with sb. 采访某人
37.all his life 整个他的一生
38.in the past 在过去
at present 现在
39.make some notes 做些笔记
40.waste sth. on sth./ sb.
浪费某物在某物/某人上
41.repair over ten bicycles
= repair more than ten bicycles
修理超过10辆自行车
42.teach sb. a lot about the history of China
教我很多有关中国的历史
43.talk about a film about the history of Beijing
讨论一个有关北京历史的影片
44.learn more about Beijing’s past and present
对北京的过去和现在了解更多
45.hear about/of 听说
hear from sb.= receive/ get one’s letter
=receive/get a letter of sb.
收到某人来信
46.living conditions 居住条件
47.return sth. to sb. 把某物归还给某人
48.go abroad 去国外
at home or abroad 在国内外
49.at primary school 在小学
50.keep in touch with each other 互相保持联系
51.make communication much easier
使得联系更容易
Communicate with sb.
和某人保持联系
52.take place发生（有目的有计划的）、举行
happen发生(偶然发生)
53.green hills all around
到处都是绿山
54.a river runs through the centre of town
一条小河穿过镇中心
55.get used to the changes of life
习惯了生活的变化
56.on one’s own = by oneself = alone 独自
57.throw rubbish 扔垃圾
58.in some large open spaces
在一些大的开阔的地方
59.move into new flats
搬到新公寓去
60.in their free time
在他们业余时间
61.travel around the town
在镇里转转
62.have their own cars= have cars of their own
有他们自己的汽车
63.use the new words to talk about my hometown
用些新词来讨论我的家乡
64.use facts to support my opinions
用事实来支持我的观点
【重点句型】
1.There were always too many people on the bus, and it took a long time to wait for the next one.
公共汽车上总是有太多的人，并且要花费很长时间等待下一趟。
2.It has become impossible for us to see each other as often as before.
对我们来说像以前一样经常见到彼此已经不可能。
3.Amazing changes have taken place in Sunshine Town.
Sunshine Town 已经发生了惊人的变化。
4.Local people used to live in old houses,but now,most of them have moved into new flats.
当地人过去常常居住在旧房子里，但是现在他们大多数已经搬到了新的公寓。
5.We mainly communicate by email.The Internet makes communication much easier.
我们主要通过电子邮件交流，网络使交流变得更加容易。
6.It is not easy to get used to the changes of life quickly.
习惯生活的快速变化是不容易的。
7.My uncle used to live in the city,but now he is used to living in the countryside.
我叔叔过去居住在城市，但现在他习惯于居住在乡下。
8.I have to spend more time on my homework than before.
比起以前我不得不花费更多的时间在我的家庭作业上。
【考点复习】
1.It was in the bowl an hour ago.一个小时之前它还在碗里。
【解读】句中的ago是副词,意为“……以前”。ago不能单独使用,常跟在表示一段时间的单词或短语之后。
e. g.Tom went to Beijing 3 years ago.汤姆三年前去了北京。【辨析】ago和 before
(1)“时间段＋ago”表示从说话时刻算起的若干时间以前,常用于一般过去时。“时间段＋before”表示从过去某一时刻起,若干时间以前,与过去完成时连用。
e.g. He met her three days ago.他三天前碰到过她。He said he had met her three days before.
他说他三天前碰到过她。
(2)ago不能单独使用,而before可以单独使用,与一般岁时或现在完成时连用时,表示“不明确的以前”。
e.g. I have never seen him before.我以前从未见过他。I told you about that thing before.我以前告诉过你那件事。
(3) before还可以作介词,后接时间点,也可以作连词,引导时间状语从句,而ago则不能作介词和连词。
e. g. Mary will come back before nine o'clock.玛丽会在9点之前回来。
Don't forget to turn off the lights before you leave home.在你离开家之前,不要忘记关灯。
【应用】用ago或者 before填空。
(1)Miss Chen will call me ________ she leaves Beijing for Shenzhen.
(2)Kate and her mother went to Japan a week
(3) We often had a class meeting on Monday afternoon
(4)l saw the film two months
(5) We must come to school .
的___half past seven.
答案:( 1) before ( 2 )ago ( 3 ) before ( 4)ago(5)before
2.Eddie,have you seen my food 埃迪,你看到我的食物了吗
【解读】此句用的是现在完成时的一般疑问句。现在完成时由“have/has＋动词的过去分词”构成。现在完成时态主要在以下两种情形下使用:
(1)表示从过去持续到现在的动作或状态;（2)表示已完成但对现在有一定影响的动作。
【拓展】现在完成时的各种句式及回答
肯定句式:主语十have/has＋过去分词
否定句式:主语十haven't/hasn't十过去分词
疑问句式;
Have/Has＋主语十过去分词十…
肯,否定回答:
Yes,主语十have/has; No,主语十haven't/hasn't.
e.g.
You've changed.你变了。
She has lived here for ten years,她在这里住10年了
一Have you finished your homework 你完成你的家庭作业了吗
—No,1 haven 't.不,没有完成。
【应用】(1)—Yon seem to know much about the city.
—That's true.I _______ it three times.
A. visited B had visited C. have visited D.will visit
(2)I'm sorry you _________ the wonderful football game.It was just over.
A. have lost B. have missed C.are missing D.will lose
答案:(1)C (2)B
3.You used to share food with me!你过去常常与我分享食物!
【解读】(1)used to意为“曾经;过去常常”,表示过去存在的状态,或过去经常做某事而现在不做了。该结构中 to为不定式符号,后接动词原形。
【拓展】used to的各种句式:
①肯定句:主语十used to＋动词原形。
e. g.The river used to be clean.这条河以前是干净的。
I used to read English in the morning.我过去常常早上读英语。
②否定句:主语十didn't use to十动词原形。或主语十used not to十动词原形。
e.g. The old man didn't use to eat apples. /The old man usedn't to eat apples.
这个老人过去经常不吃苹果。
③一般疑问句:Did＋主语＋use to十动词原形 或Used十主语＋to＋动词原形
e.g.—Did he use to play computer games /Used he to play computer games 他过去经常玩电脑游戏吗
-Yes,he did./Yes, he used to.是的,他经常玩。
④反意疑问句;陈述句＋did(n't)十主语
或陈述句十used(n't)十主语
There used to be an old tree behind my house,didn't/usedn't there 过去在我家房子后面有一棵老树,对不对
She used to have short hair, didn't/usedn't she
她过去留着短发,对吗
【辨析】used to do sth. , be used to doing sth., be used to do sth.
①used to do sth.只用于过去时,表示过去存在但现在已经停止的情况或习惯。
②be used to doing sth.意为“习惯于做某事”。
e.g. My father used to watch TV after supper but now he is used to helping mum do the housework.
我爸爸过去常堂陷饭后看电视,但是现在他习惯帮妈妈做家务。
③be used to do sth.意为“被用来做某事”是一种被动语态。
e.g.This knife is used to cut bread.这把刀子是用来切面包的。
(2)share及物动词,意为“共用,分享”。
share... with sb.意为“与某人分享/共用……”。
e.g.Mary and 1 share a room.我和玛丽合住一个房间。
She shared her lunch with her friend.她与她的朋友分享她的午饭。
【应用】
(1)Uncle Wang looks so fine in recent days.He _____a lot, but he has given it up.
A. was used to smoke B. used to smoke
C. used to smoking D.is used to smoking
(2)There used to be a hotel here,_______
A. isn't there B. wasn't there
C. didn't there D.did there
(3)_______you _______to go to the park when you were children
A. Did; use B Do ; used
C. Are;used D. Were;used
(4)Taiwan is part of China. We____ the same history and culture.
A.explain B.express C. connect D. share
答案:(1)B (2)C （3)A(4)D
Why didn't you take a bus 你为什么不乘公共汽车呢
【解读】此处take表示“乘,坐”。“take+a/the＋交通工具名词”表示“乘、坐……交通工具”。
e. g.Let's take a taxi to the restaurant.咱们搭出租车到那家餐厅去吧。
【拓展】交通方式的其他表示方法:
“by+交通工具名词”表示“乘，坐......”。此时交通工具的名词只能用单数,不能用复数,也不能被冠词或物主代词等限定。如: by bicycle,by car, by taxi,by bus, by boat, by ship, by plane等。
e. g. I go to school by bus,but my father goes to work by underground.
我乘公共汽车上学,但我爸爸乘地铁上班。
(2)“by＋交通路线的位置(地理名词)”表示“由……途径”，如: by water(从水路), by sea(从海路), by air(乘飞机)等。
e. g. We are going to England by air.我们打算乘飞机去英国。
(3)"in/on+限定词＋交通工具名词”表示“乘、坐……”,相当于“by+交通工具名词”。不过, in多用于封闭式交通工具, on则多用于开放式或半封闭式交通工具。如in a plane/taxi/car=by plane/taxi/car;on a bike=by bike。
e.g. He often goes to school on a/his bike.他经常骑自行车去上学。
【注意】对交通方式提问,要用特殊疑问词how。
e.g.—How will they go to the zoo 他们将怎么去动物园
—They will go there by bus.他们将乘公交车去。
【应用】Jeff goes to work _______ and his wife goes to work
A.by car;on her bike B. by a car;on her bike
C. by cars; by bikes D. by his car; by bike
答案:A
5....and it took a long time to wait for the next one.……并且等候下一班车要用很长时间。
【解读】
(1)这是一个“It takes(sb. ) some time to do sth.”句型,意为“(某人)花费多长时间做某事”,it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的动词不定式。
It takes about ten minutes to get to school by bus from the bus stop.从公共汽车站乘车到学校大约需要10分钟。
It took me one hour to do my homework last night.昨天晚上我做作业用了一个小时。
one在此用作代词,指代单数的人或物。
This coat is too small. Do you have a bigger one 这件大衣太小了,你有大一点儿的吗 （one在此指代coat)
【拓展】ones 作代词,指代复数的人或物。
l don't like the coloured envelopes.I like the white ones.我不克欢这此彩色信封.我喜欢那些白色的。(ones在此指代envelopes)
【辨析】one,it与that
三者均可用作代词,指代前面提到的名词。一般来说,one表示泛指,指代同类事物中的任何一个。that和it表示特指,that与所指名词为同类,但不是同一个;而it与所指名词为同一个。
e.g.I can't find my hat. I think I must buy one.(泛指)我找不到我的帽子了。我想我该去买一顶。
The hat you bought is bigger than that 1 bought.(同类但不同个)
你买的那顶帽子比我买的大。
l can't find my hat.I don't know where I put it.(同一物)
我找不到我的帽子。我不知道我把它放在哪儿了。
Reading
1.Has the town changed a lot over the years 近几年来城自里的变化很大吗
【解读】(1)a lot在此是副词短语,在句中作程度状语,意为“很,非常”,常用来修饰动词、感叹词、形容词或副词的比较级。
e.g. It usually rains a lot at this time of year.
每年这个时候都会经常下雨。(修饰动词rain)
Thanks a lot for the coffee.
多谢你请我喝咖啡。(修饰动词thank)
You came a lot earlier than me.
你来得比我早多了。(修饰比较级earlier)
【拓展】a lot还可以用作名词短语,表示“许多,大量”,在句中作主语、宾语或表语,其后常有动词不定式短语作后置定语。
e.g. Sometimes we have very little snow, but sometimes there's a lot.有时我们这儿雪很少,有时却又很多。(作主语)
He's given her a lot to eat.
他给了她许多好吃的东西。(作宾语)
(2)over the years 意为“在这几年间,这些年来”,多用于现在完成时。over在此作介词,意为“在……期间”。
e.g. He has grown into a big boy over the years.几年间他已经长成了一个大男孩。
Over the years,the organization has tried to help poor children go to school.
这些年来,这个组织都在尽力书助贫困儿童上学
【应用】(1) We can learn_______ about USA from the book.
A.a lot of B. lot of C. lots of D. a lot
(2)这些年来,她给我们带来了不少的幸福。
She_______us so much happiness
答案:(1)D (2)has brought;over the years
2.Now the government has turned part of the town centre into a new park.如今,政府已经把市中心的一部分改成了一个新公园。
【解读】短语turn.. . into...(=change...into...)表示“把……变成-……”,而turn into...则表示“变成……”。
e g.I am going to turn this classroom into a playroom for the students.我准备把这间教室变为学生们的游戏室。
The water turned into ice last night.昨晚水结成了冰。
【归纳】turn常构成以下短语:
turn on开 turn off 关turn up调高(指音量)turn down调低(指音量) turn around 转身 by turns 轮流;交替in turn依次;轮流turn in父出;上交 take one's turn依次;轮流it's one's turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事
【应用】I love this song by Lady Gaga. Would you ______ the TV a bit, please I can't hear it clearly.
turn on B.turn off C.turn up D. turn down
答案:C
3. Later the government realized the problem and took actionto improve the situation.后来政府意识到了这个问题并采取措施改善了情况。
【解读】(1)realize在此用作及物动词,意为“认识到,明白,意识到”。
e.g. He could not realize the danger.他意识不到危险。The villagers didn't realize how serious the pollution was until all the fish in the river died.
直到河里的鱼都死了,村民们才认识到了污染的严重性。
【拓展】realize还可以表示“实现”。
e.g.My dream has been realized.我的梦想实现了。
(2)take action( to do sth.)意为“采取行动(做某事)”, action在该短语中是不可数名词,表示“行动,措施”。
e.g. We must take action before it is too late.我们必须及早采取行动,否则来不及了。
They took action to protect wild animals.他们采取行动保护野生动物。
(3)improve在此用作及物动词,意为“改进,改善”,它的名词形式是improvement。
e.g. I want to improve my English.我想提高我的英语水平。
【应用】(1)Last Thursday when I got to the station,I ______ I had left my ticket at home.
A. Understood B. realized C. believed D. seemed
(2)The city is trying to ________ the living environment of the people.
A. Improve B. rise C. lift D.increase
(3)我们不得不采取行动来制止他们。
We have to __________ stop them.
答案:(1)B (2)A (3)take action to
4. It has become impossible for us to see each other as often as before.对于我们来说再像以前那样经常地互相见面是不可能了。
【解读】1)本句型结构是“It is＋形容词(十for sb. )+to do sth..”,意为“做某事(对某人来说)是……的。”动词不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语,而将动词不定式放在谓语或表语之后。如果要说明动词不定式的动作是谁做的,可在不定式前加一个for引起的每语,作不定式的逻辑主语。
It is not easy to learn a foreign language well.学好一门外语是不容易的。
It is important for study hard.努力学习对你很重要。
【拓展】如果表语是kind，nice, clever, foolish, polite等描述人的性格,品质的形容词，则应在不定式前加个of引起的短语作逻辑主语。
It is very kind of you to lend me so much money.你真好,借给我这么多钱。
(2)as...as...意为“像……一样……”,中间用形容词或副词原级。as... as...的否定形式是not so/ as... as...，意为“不如……”。
e.g. He runs as fast as a deer.他跑得像鹿一样快。
Mary doesn't sing as well as Lucy.玛丽唱歌不如露西唱得好。
She is not so honest as she used to be.一自继人出个唯她不像以前那么诚实了。
【应用】(1) ________ generous ________ the little girl to share her toys with the other kids.
A. It's;of B.That's;of C. It's; for D That's; for
(2)—English isn't as________as Chinese.
—Maybe, perhaps it's just because Chinese is your native language.
A.easy B.easily C.easier D.easiest
答案:(1)A (2)A
5. Now 1 feel a bit lonely from 来中人接w an觉得有点孤单。
【解读(1)a bit意为“有点儿”,表示程度,后可跟形容词、副词的原级或比较级,相当于a little。
e. g.I'm a bit tired.我有点累。
This coat is a bit larger for me.
这件外套对我来说有点儿大。【辨析】a bit与a little
①二者都是表程度的副词短语,修饰形容词、副词原级或比较级时,意义相同,意为“一点儿,有些”。
e. g. I am a bit/a little hungry.我有点儿饿。
He walked a bit/a little slowly.他走路有点儿慢。
②二者都可以作为名词短语,充当主语或宾语。
eg.A little/bit is enough for me.我有一点儿就够了。
I know only a little/a bit about her.我对她的情况只了解一点儿。
③a little可直接修饰名词,a bit后须加of才可以修饰名词。
e. g.There is a little water in the bottle. =There is a bit of water in the bottle.
瓶子里有一点儿水。
【注意】not a little 作状语时,相当于 very/quite,意为“很、非常”;作定语和宾语时,相当于 much,意为“许多”。而not a bit作状语时,相当千not at all,意为“一点也不”;作宾语时则相当于not much。
He is not a little(=very)hungry.他饿极了。She ate not a little(=much).她吃得很多。
He is not a bit(=not at all)hungry.他一点儿也不饿。(2【辨析】lonely与alone
①lonely形容词,表示“孤单的,寂寞的;荒凉的”,指人孤独、寂寞,也指地方荒无人烟,有浓厚的感彩,可作定语或表语。
e. g.Living in a big city can make people feel lonely some-times.生活在大城市有时会让人感到寂寞。
She lives in a lonely mountain village.她生活在一个偏僻的山村。
alone用作形容词或副词,表示“单独的(地),独自的(地)”,不含感彩,强调“单独”,形容词alone一般作表语而不作定语。
e. g. I never feel lonely when I am alone.我一个人时从不感到寂寞。
The old man lives alone on the hill.那个老人独自一人在山上居住。
【应用】(1)—I am______ hungry.Could 1 eat some bread
—Yes. But there is only bread left at home.
A. a little;a bit B.a bit of;a bit
C.a bit;a bit of D.a bit;a little of
(2)Mr Zhao lives in the house by himself all his life, and he often feels_______.
A. along B. alone C. lonely D. hungry
答案:(1)C (2)C
6.Amazing changes have taken place in Sunshine Town.在阳光城发生了令人惊叹的变化。
【解读】(1)change在这里用作可数名词,表示“变化,改变”。
e.g. There have been great changes over the years in Nanjing.南京近几年来变化很大。
【拓展】①change还可用作不可数名词,表示“零钱,找零”。
e. g. This is your change,and your ticket.这是找给您的钱,还有车票。
change还可用作动词,表示“变化,改变”,change...into...表示“把……弯成……”,相当于turn... into... 。
e.g.Society has changed a lot in the last hundred years.近百年来社会发生了很大的变化。
l am going to change/turn my yard into a garden.我打算把庭院变成一个花园。
take place表示“发生”,与 happen意思相近,但用法有区别。take place常指经过安排而发生,而happen常指偶然发生，它们都只用于主动语态,没有被动语态。
e.g.Great changes have taken place here since last year.自去年以来,这里发生了巨大的变化。
The car accident happened on Sunday night.
车祸发生在星期天晚上。
【拓展】①take place还可表示“举行,举办”,相当于be held.
e. g.The celebration ceremony takes place/is held in July each year.庆祝典礼在每年七月举行。
happen还可以表示“碰巧,恰好”, happen to do sth.表示“碰巧做某事”。
e.g.I happened to see him on my way home.我在回家的路上碰巧遇见了他。
【应用】选词填空(happen/take place)。
(1)A bad accident _______ to that family.
(2) What _______ when you told him the news
(3)The Olympic Games ________ every tour years.
答案:(1)happened (2)happened (3)take place
Gramma
Oh, I think I have heard about the film.哦,我想我听说过这部电影。
【解读】hear about意为“听说”,指通过他人的告知、网络、电视、报纸等媒介间接地知道有关……的情况,也可用hear of。
e. g. 1 don't know the writer, but I have heard about/of him.我不认识这位作家,但听说过。
【拓展】hear from表示“收到……的来信”。e.g. I hear from my parents every month.我每月都收到父母的来信。
【应用】We have never visited the museum, but we haveit.
A. stood for B. belonged to
C.heard about D. kept to
答案:C
【解析】句意:我们从来没有参观过这个博物馆,但我们听说过它。hear about意为“听说”,符合句意; stand for意为“代表，主张”, belong to意为“属于”,keep to意为“遵守”,都不符合句意。
Integrated skills
1.1 hope I can visit it again.我希望我能再次参观那儿。【解读】该句包含一个定语从句 , hope后面省略了连接词that。hope后面的句子充当其定语,即定语从句,其主句为“I hope(that)...”,宾语从句的时态常用-般现在时或一般将来时。如:
l hope you'll come early.我希望你早点来。
【拓展】
hope 还可用不定式作宾语,hope to do sth识为“希望做某事”。
如:He hopes to see his parents soon.他希望很快见到他的父母。
(2)如果hope之前的主语和 hope 之后的宾语从句的主语相同，可以转换成hope to do sth.结构。如:
I hope I can get back before six. (=hope to get back before six.)我希望六点之前能回到家。
【注意】hope作动词时,后面可接不定式或宾语从句,但不能接复合宾语,即不能使用hope sb. to do sth.的形式。
[译]我们都希望你能获奖。
[误]We all hope you to win the prize.
[正]We all hope that you will win the prize.
【应用】同义句转换。
The woman hopes that she'll be better soon.
The woman hopes _______ _______better soon.
答案:to be
2. When did you last see each other 你们上次见面是仕时候
【解读】last在此处用作副词,意为“最近,上一次;
last既可位于动词之前,也可位于动词之后。
e. g. I last saw him in Shanghai two years ago.=l saw him last in Shanghai two years ago.我上一次是两年前在上海见到他的。
【拓展】
(1)last还可用作形容词,表示“最近的;上一个的;末尾的;最后的”。
e.g. I thought her last book was one of her best.我认为她最近出版的那本书是她的最佳著作之一。
I dreamt about flying last night.昨晚我梦见我在飞翔。
(2)last还可用作动词,表示“持续;维持”。
e. g. The festival lasted two days.节日持续了两天。
The hot weather lasted until September.炎热的天气持续到九月。
【应用】—How long did your birthday party_______ last night
—Two hours.
A. turn B. last C. get D.stay
答案:B
3.So how do you keep in touch with each other 那你们是如何保持联系的呢
【解读】此处keep是一个延续性动词,表示一种状态的持续。keep in touch with sb.意为“与某人保持联系”,也可用stay in touch with sb.表示。
e.g. Please keep/stay in touch with us while you are in Hong Kong.
你在香港的时候,请和我们保持联系。
【拓展】get in touch with sb.表示“与……取得联系”; losetouch with sb.表示“同……失去联系”。
e. g.How did you get in touch with your former teacher 你是如何同你以前的老师联系上的
I don't know you have lost touch with her.我不知道你同她失去了联系。
【应用】虽然我们生活在不同的城市,但我们一直保持着联系。
We live in different cities, but we still _______ each other.
答案:keep in touch with
Study skills
1.The new shopping mall is a good place to have fun.这家新的购物中心是一个玩乐的好地方。
【解读】1 ) have fun意为“玩得开心,玩得高兴”, have fun(in)doing sth...意为“做某事有乐趣”。
e.g. We had fun (in) playing computer games.我们玩电脑游戏很愉快。
【拓展】“玩得高兴”还可以用have a good/great/ wonderful time,enjoy oneself 等来表达。
e. g. You're sure to have fun/have a good time/enjoy yourself at the party tonight.你在今晚的晚会上一定会玩得很开心。
(2)句中动词不定式短语to have fun作定语,修饰place。动词不定式短语作后置定语,可修饰名词、复合不定代词等。
e.g.Simon is always the first student to get to seh任西蒙总是第一个到校的学生。
Do you have anything to say about this 有关这件事你有没有什么要说的
【应用】（1）—I am going to go swimming with my classmates.
—________.
A. Have fun B.I’m sure of it C. What a pity D. With pleasure
(2)—Why don't you go out to play,Rose
—I'm afraid I can't. I have much homework
A.do B does C. doing D. to do
答案:(1)A (2)D
2.It is not easy to get used to the changes of life quickly.很快适应生活的变化不容易。
【解读】get/be used to表示“习惯于,适应于”,其中 to是介词,后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
【注意】get在该短语中作连系动词,表示“变得”,强调动作;be强调状态。
e.g. I have got used to the food here.我已经习惯了这里的食物。
He's not quite got used to the weather here yet.他还不太习惯这里的天气。
My mother is used to going shopping on Sundays.我妈妈习惯于星期天购物。
【拓展】(1)used to do sth.表示“过去常常做某事”。
e.g. He used to go fishing on Sundays.他以前常在星期天去钓鱼。
(2) be used to do sth.意为“被用来做某事”; be used for(doing)sth.意为“被用于(做)某事”; be used by意为“被……使用”，后跟动作的执行者。这三个短语都是use的被动语态。
e. g.The quilt is used to keep warm.=The quilt is used for keeping warm.被子是用来保暖的。
English is widely used by people all over the world.英语被全世界的人广泛使用。
【应用】(1)He used to _______ in a small village,but now he has been used to ________ in the big city.
A. live; living B. live; live C. living; living D.living;live
(2)We ______ in this pool when we were young,but now it _____ fish.
A.are used to swim; used to keep
B.are used to swimming;is used to keep
C.used to swim ; used to keep
D. used to swim; is used for keeping
答案:(1)A(2)D
3. Now I go to school by bus on my own,现在我独自乘公共汽车去上学。
【解读】on my own是介词短语起副词功能,在句中作方式状语;on one's own的意思是“独自地,独立地”,相当于by oneself或alone。
e.g.He runs a factory on his own.他独自经营一家工厂。
【拓展】of one's own起形容词功能,在句中作定语,修饰该短语前面的名词,表示“自己的,特有的”。
e. g.I want a room of my own.我想要一个自己的房间。
She always has a mind of her own.她一贯有自己的见解。
【应用】Can you finish the work by yourself (同义句)
(1)Can you finish the work ________
(2)Can you finish the work ________ ________ ________
答案:(l)alone (2)on your own
4. I have to spend more time homework than before.我不得不花费比以前更多的时间做作业。
【解读】spend是及物动词,音为“花费”,可以指花费时间或金钱。spend 的两个营田句刑具“S spend(s) some time/money on sth.”和“Sb. spend( s ) some time/money ( in) doing sth.”
e.g.Lily spent twenty dollars on the new dress.莉莉花20美元买了这件新衣服。
Lily spends two hours (in) doing her homework every day.莉莉每天花两个小时写作业。
【辨析】spend , pay,take与 cost
spend 主语是人 ①spend...on sth.②spend...( in)doing sth. 花费时间或金钱
pay 主语是人 ①pay for sth.②pay sb. for sth. 为……支付金钱
take 主语通常是it It takes sb. some time to do sth. 花费时间
cost 主语通常是it sth. costs(sb.)some money 花费金钱
e.g.He used to spend all his money on food and drink.他过去把钱都花在吃喝上。
They spent two years (in) building this bridge.造这座桥花了他们两年时间。
How much did you pay for the food 你买这些食物花了多少钱
He has paid the doctor 50 pounds for the medicine.
他买药已付医生50英镑。
It took me three years to draw the beautiful horses.画这些漂亮的马花费了我3年时间。
The car cost him around ten thousand dollars.这车花去他一万美元左右。
【应用】选词填空。cost, take,spend, pay
(1)The woman usually ______ a lot of money on clothes
(2)How much does the sweater ______
(3)It ______ me twenty yuan to buy this book.
(4)Her mother couldn't ______ for her education.
(5)The boy ______ one hour playing soccer every day.
答案;(1)spends (2)cost (3)took/takes (4)pay (5)spends
Task
Moreover , mobile phones make communication easier now.并且,现在手机使得交流更加容易。
【解读(1)moreover作副词,意为“此外;再者;加之”,常用于句首作状语,表示意思上的顺承或递进。
e.g. I don't like skating. Moreover,the ice is too thin.我不喜欢滑冰,而且冰又太薄。
(2)easier在句中充当宾语补足语。“make sb. /sth.+adj.”结构意为“使某人/某物……”,形容词作宾语补足语。
e. g. The song makes me happy.那首歌曲使我高兴。His words made his father angry.
他的话使他的爸爸很生气。
【拓展】make sb./ sth....后面可以用名词或不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。
e. g. We made Jack our monitor.我们选杰克当班长。
Mrs Liu makes us read English every morning.刘老师让我们每天早上都读英语。
【应用】
(1)根据句意及首字母提示完成单词。
The price of the house is too high. M______,it's too old.
(2)—We all like Miss Wang.
—l agree with you.She always makes her English classes _______.
A. interested B interest C. interesting
(3 ）The peaceful music in the CD made the students _______relaxed.
feel B. feels C. felt D. to feel
答案:(1)Moreover （2)C (3)A
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