牛津译林版（2019）必修第三册 Unit3 The world online Grammar and usage主谓一致课件（44张PPT)

(共44张PPT)
Summary:
宾语补足语：对宾语进行补充说明。
宾补常见形式：
形容词、副词、介词短语作宾补
名词：独一无二的头衔职位前不加冠词
现在分词：表主动和进行
过去分词：表被动完成
带to 的不定式
不带to的不定式（一感：feel 二听：hear, listen to 三使：let, have, make 五看：observe, see, watch, look at，notice ）
感官动词接do和doing 做宾补的区别
主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语
have/find/with +宾语+宾补
单句改错
The speaker raised his voice but still couldn’t make himself understand.
We all elected Jason the monitor.
The teacher asked us not make so much noise.
Don’t leave the water run while you brush your teeth.
Tell him _____ the window.
to shut not B. not to shut C. to not shut D. not shut
2. ----There’s a hole in your bag.
---- I know, I’m going to have it _____.
A. mend B. mending C. mended D. to be mended
3. Though he had often made his little sister ____, today
he was made ____ by his little sister.
A. cry; to cry B. crying; crying C. cry; cry D. to cry; cry
4. They would not allow him _____ across the enemy line.
A. to risk going B. risking to go
C. for risk to go D. risk going
单项选择
7. I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise____.
A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on
8. With a lot of difficult problems_____, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled
9. I advised _____ at once.
him to starting B. him to start
C. to starting D. to start
1. 我早餐要么吃一碗面条，要么吃几篇面包。
I have either a bowl of noodles or some bread for breakfast.
2. 我想他不是教师就是医生。
I think she is either a teacher or a doctor.
3. 要么你死，要么我死。
Either you will die, or I will (die).
并列宾语
并列表语
并列分句
either...or...连接两个主语时，其谓语动词应与最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就是我们通常说的“就近原则”。
明天要么你去那里，要么我去那里。
Either you or I _____ going there tomorrow.
______ either you or I going there tomorrow
注意：如果把上句变成一般疑问句，助动词形式与主语 you 保持一致，所以要用are提问，而不是am。
am
Are
即时演练三
翻译句子
1. Either you or he has to look after the old man.
2. You can take either this one or that one.
3. It is neither hot nor cold in winter here.
4. I want to visit neither Beijing nor Shanghai.
主谓一致
1. Either you or one of your students ___ to attend the meeting that is due to tomorrow.
A. are B. is C. have D. be
2. Listening to loud music at rock concerts ___ caused hearing loss in some teenagers.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
3. One-third of the country ___ covered with trees and the majorty of the citizens ___ black people.
A. is; are B. is; is C. are; are D. are; is
: choose the best answer.
Exercise
主谓一致三大原则
用法点拨
句子的核心是谓语动词，谓语动词单复数的确定取决于主语。主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上和主语一致，一般遵循三个原则，即就近一致原则、语法一致原则和意义一致原则。做题时还要注意时态及其他语法及词义的正确性。
主谓一致
No.1 就近一致原则
就近一致是指谓语动词的形式与其最邻近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
一、由连词连接的并列主语
例: (1)Not only I but also Mary and Jack ____ ( be ) tired of having one examination after another.
(2) ---___ either he or I fit for the job
---Neither he nor you ___.
A. Am; are B. Is; are C. Are; are D. Is; is
方法点拨：
由or, either ...or ..., neither ... nor ..., not only ... but also, not…but…,whether…or ...,等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常与最近的主语在单复数上保持一致。
are
二、倒装句中主谓一致
Between the two buildings are a big tree. ( )
(2) Between the two buildings is a big tree. ( )
方法点拨：
完全倒装的常见结构：副词/介词短语 + 谓语 + 主语
(3) On the wall ______(hang) a photo taken by her little daughter.
(4) Gone _____ (be) the days when we got together there happily.
F
T
hangs
are
三、more than one +单数名词
或 many a +单数名词
例：(1) 不止一个工人被解雇。
More than one ______ ______ been fired.
(2) 很多学生是周杰伦的歌迷。
Many a ________ ______ the fans of Jay Chou .
+谓语动词
worker
has
student
is
许多的……
单数
复数
×
四、there be 句型的主谓一致
There ____(be) two desks and one table in the room.
(2) There ______(exist) an ancient temple in the town.
方法点拨：
在there be 句型结构中(或其变形结构)，be（或其变形动词)与最近的主语保持人称和数上的一致。
(3) There ___ a table, four chairs, three bikes in the courtyard, in the middle of which ___ two tall trees with great shade. ( 2013 南通市模拟）
A. are; is B. is; are C. has; have D. have; has
are
exists
No.2 语法一致原则
主语和谓语通常是从语法一致上取得一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。
二、主语之后带有介词短语
(1) All the players but the captain were tired. ( )
(2) （2010 四川）Such poets as Shakepeare ___ widely read, of whose works , however, some ___ difficult to understand.
A. are; are B. is; is C. are; is D. is; are
方法点拨：
类似的结构有：A名词 + with / like/ but / except / including / as well as / along with/ together with …+ B名词，谓语动词应与A一致，而与介词短语之后的名词B无关。也就是说：就远原则。
T
三、主语是“kind of / type of / pair of / amount of /
quantity of +名词”时，谓语动词的形式须依照kind，
type, pair, amount, quantity的数而确定。
例：1. A kind of birds ____(have) been discovered by them.
2. Large amounts of food ___(be) needed in the area now.
例：3. This kind of apples ______ well. ( sell )
4. Apples of this kind ______ well.
特别提醒：
n. + of this kind 后的谓语动词由名词的单复数决定。
sells
sell
has
are
四、定语从句， 强调句中的主谓一致
I like the photos that was taken in Beijing. ( )
(2) It is not he but I that is to blame for it. ( )
方法点拨：
* 定语从句中，关系词做主语，而关系词代替前面的先行词，则从句中的谓语动词应该与先行词保持一致。
* 在强调句中，若强调主语，则其谓语动词看主语形式。
F
F
were
am
例：
1. She is one of the persons who ____French in our school.
2. She is the one of the persons who ____ French in our
school.
A. knows B. know
B
A
方法点拨：
* one of + cns. + 定语从句 (关系代词作主语)
先行词 其谓语动词用复数形式
* the only / very / just one of + cns + 定从(关系代词作主语)
先行词 谓语动词用单数
她是我们学校懂法语的人们中的一个。
她是我们学校那些人当中唯一个懂法语的。
( )
( )
(
)
N0.3 意义一致原则
意义一致是指谓语动词的单复数形式与主语的意义保持一致。
一、一个动词不定式、动名词或从句作主语
1、主语是一个动词不定式或动名词时，谓语动词常用______ 形式。
例1：To hold the Olympic Games ____ (be) a rich prize for a country.
2、主语是从句时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。
例2：How you get there doesn’t interest me.
例3：What we need ____ ( be ) time.
例4：What the children need ____ ( be ) love and
understanding.
is
are
方法点拨：在“主+系+表”结构中，如果是what从句作主语，其谓语的单复数取决于后面的表语。
单数
is
二、 分数词
all / most / half / some
the rest / part /…
例：
1. I want these red apples. The rest belongs to you. ( )
2. Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea. ( )
+ of + cns. / un. 作主语
用法点拨：
谓语动词的单复数形式由of后面的名词确定。
T
F
belong
(of these apples)
三、表示时间，距离等的复数名词作主语
例：1. Ten years are a long time. ( )
2. Ten years is a long time. ( )
方法点拨：表示时间、距离、价格、度量、面积等的
名词复数形式或短语作主语时，常看成一个整体，谓语
动词常用单数形式。
例：Ten pounds is enough.
A hundred miles is a long distance.
三、一些以-ics结尾的学科名词(如mathematics, politics, physics, statistics, economics 以及 news, works等名词作主语,谓语用_______.
例：1. I think physics ____ (be) his favorite subject.
2. Statistics _____ (be) very difficult for me to learn.
3. His politics ______(be) a matter of great concern to the society.
is
is
are
特别提醒：
当这些名词表示实际内容时，谓语动词用复数形式。
单数
2. The teacher together with the students _______ discussing Reading skills that ___ newly published in America.
A. are; were B. is; were C. are; was D. is; was
四、主语是书名、剧名、报纸杂志名称或国家、单位名称时，即使名词是复数形式，谓语动词也只能用单数形式。
例: 1. Do you know when the United Nations was set up
五、
例：The number of people invited ___ fifty, but
a number of them ___ absent for different reasons.
A. were; was B. was; was
C. was; were D. were; were
the number of + cns. +谓语动词单数
a number of + cns.+ 谓语动词复数
主语
……的数量……
许多的……
六、特殊词：population作主语
例：
1. The population _____(be) about one hundred million in Japan.
2. Two-thirds of the population here _____(be) workers.
方法点拨：
the population + 谓语动词单数形式；
(百)分数 of + the population + 谓语动词复数形式
is
are
七、“名词 + and +名词”作主语， 指的是同一件事，同一个人或同一概念时，如：the writer and painter, bread and butter, soda and water等，谓语动词用单数。
例：A poet and artist ___ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
八、“no / each / every＋单数名词＋and＋no / each / every ＋ 单数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数。
例：Every girl and every boy ______ a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers.
A. have B. has
Many a teacher and many a student ______ (enjoy) the book very much.
B
enjoys
九、特殊集体名词做主语时的主谓一致
一些名词例如：class, group, army, audience, club, company, crowd, family, organization, team, party等，若表示成员，谓语用复数形式，若表示一个整体，则用单数。
例如：他的家族很小。
_______________________________________.
他的家人都很喜欢他的女儿。
________________________________________.
His family is very small.
His family all like his daughter.
九、特殊集体名词做主语时的主谓一致
the + 抽象形容词（表示某一类人）/ 姓氏复数形式（表示某一家）作主语时， 谓语动词用复数形式。
例如：穷人过着一个艰难的生活。
_______________________________________.
格林一家要去伦敦。
________________________________________.
The poor live a hard life
The Greens are going to London
注意：当the + adj. 表示某类事物、某类抽象概念或某一人时，谓语动词用单数。
例：The beauty is not always good.
美好的东西不一定总是好的。
All 单独作主语表示“所有人时”，谓语动词用复数。表示物时，谓语动词用单数。
例：All at the meeting _____ (be) senior students.
所有人都去了北京。
All _____(be) going well.
一切顺利。
are
is
由两部分构成的物体，如：glasses, scissors, trousers, jeans, compasses等名词做主语时，谓语用_______, 但当名词前有pair修饰，则看pair的单复数形式。
例：The glasses on the table _____(be) mine.
There _____ a pair of jeans on my bed.
are
is
复数
主谓一致
就近一致原则
语法一致原则
意义一致原则
单句改错
(1) One or perhaps more pages is missing.
(2) Large quantities of food was carried to the city.
(3) All he said are wrong.
(4) The teacher, as well as his students, are going to see the film this afternoon.
反面解读
1. The university estimates that living expenses for international students ___ around $8450 a year, which ___ a burden for some of them.
A. are; is B. are; are C. is; are D. is; is
2. All the scientific evidence ___ that increasing use of chemicals in farming ___ damaging our health.
A. show; are B. shows; are C. shows; is D. show; is
3.The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which ________ saved for other purposes.
A．is B．are C．was D．were
4. To little Mike’ surprise, lying on the desk ___ some of his favorite toy cars he had longed for. （选项同上）
5. Some equipment as well as a number of maps and books ___ to the area since the earthquake occurred.
A. has been offered B. have been offered
C. is being offered D. are being offered
D
即时演练3
单句改错
1. work-------works
2. are--------is
3. were-------was
4. are-----------is
即时演练5
1. are
2. has
3. is
1. is
2. is
3. are
即使演练6
1. Are
2. wants
3. are; is
4. runs
课时检测
单句语法填空
1. was
2. attends
3. is
4. depends
5. understood
6. wear
7. fits
8. learn
9. have
10. has
完成句子
1. keeps doctor away.
2. let me informed and
3. showed us the basic steps
4. that counts a lot
5. takes a lot of time
6. they’re rich in
Homework
1. Finish the rest of exercises about subject-verb agreement in the book.
2. Preview the lessons that we’ll review tomorrow.