2023年外研版中考英语复习 第一节 同义词、近义词的归纳总结和辨析（动词类辨析 ）课件(共44张PPT)

(共44张PPT)
中考高频词汇突破
第一节 同义词、近义词的归纳总结和辨析
动词类辨析
【辨析】
(1)put on意为“穿上；戴上”，强调动作，后接物。
(2)wear意为“穿着；戴着”，表示状态，后接物。
(3)dress意为“给……穿衣服”，后接人。
(4)in是介词，后接表示衣服或颜色的名词，着重于服装的款式或颜色。它所构成的短语只能作表语或后置定语。
1. put on， wear， dress， in
【演练】
(　　)1. On New Year's Day, Rose always _____ a new coat. It makes her look more beautiful.
A. has B. puts on C. in D. wears
(　　)2. It's cold outside. _____ your coat when you go out.
A. Have on B. Wear C. Put on D. Take off
D
C
(　　)3. Do you believe the little boy _____ blue can _____ himself every morning
A. wears; dress B. dresses; dress
C. puts on; wear D. in; dress
D
【辨析】
(1)join常指加入某一组织、党派、社会团体并成为其中的一员，后面直接接名词或代词。
(2)join in常指加入某项正在进行的活动、游戏等，后面接名词或动名词。
(3)take part in常指参加群众性的活动，并在其中起到一定的积极作用。
(4)attend常指参加或出席正式的活动（会议、典礼等）。
2. join， join in， take part in, attend
【演练】
(　　)1. The school sports meeting is coming. I would like to _____ it.
A. take part B. join C. take part in D. join in
(　　)2. She _____ the Health Club last year.
A. attended B. took part in C. joined in D. joined
(　　)3. I want to _____ the game you are playing. Is that OK
A. join B. take part in C. attend D. join in
C
D
D
(　　)4. Mary got married last Saturday. I _____ her wedding.
A. attended B. joined
C. joined in D. took part in
A
【辨析】
(1)look意为“看；瞧”，指有目的地将目光转向某处，强调“看”的动作，后面常与at搭配使用，一般用于表示看静止的物体。
(2)see意为“看见”，表示视觉器官有意识或无意识地看到物体，强调“看”的结果。
(3)watch意为“观看；注视”，用于表示看移动或变化的物体，如看电视、比赛等。
3. look， see， watch， notice， read
(4)notice意为“看到；听到；注意到”，含有从不注意到注意的变化的意义。
(5)read意为“阅读；读懂”，指看文字，如书、报纸、杂志等。
【演练】
(　　)1. I wonder how often you _____ TV at home.
A. see B. watch C. look D. read
(　　)2. Did you _____ that the man in black stood there for over two hours？
A. watch B. look C. notice D. read
(　　)3. It's a good habit to _____ books to keep on learning when you are free.
A. see B. read C. look D. watch
B
C
B
【辨析】
(1) say意为“说”，强调说话的内容，不以人作宾语。
(2) speak作不及物动词时，强调单方面的“说”或“讲”，后面接人作宾语时要加介词to / with, 即：speak to / with sb. (about sth.) 对某人说（某事）；作及物动词时，意为“讲（某种语言）”，后面接表示语言的名词。
4. say， speak， talk， tell
(3) talk意为“谈话；交谈”，强调说话者之间的交流。常见搭配有：talk with / to sb. 与某人交谈，talk about sth. 谈论某事。
(4) tell意为“告诉；讲述”，后面常接双宾语，即：tell sb.sth./ tell sth.to sb. 告诉某人某事。
【演练】
(　　)1. You should _____ goodbye to Mr.Wu before leaving the town tomorrow.
A. speak B. tell C. say D. talk
(　　)2. My uncle often _____ us funny stories when we were young.
A. said B. spoke C. told D. talked
C
C
(　　)3. This Friday afternoon, my teacher wants to _____ with my parents. I'm a little worried.
A. speak B. talk C. tell D. say
(　　)4. Ashley could _____ two languages—German and French.
A. speak B. talk C. say D. tell
B
A
【辨析】
四者都可以表示“花费”，但用法均有不同。
(1)spend的主语是人，通常表示花费时间或金钱，常见用法有：sb.spend(s) time / money on sth. 某人在……上花费时间 / 金钱，sb.spend(s) time / money (in)doing sth. 某人花费时间 / 金钱做某事。
5. spend，cost， take， pay
(2)cost的主语是某物或某事，通常表示花费金钱，常见用法有:sth.cost(s)sb.money某物花了某人多少钱。
(3)take的主语是it或某事，通常表示花时间，常见用法有：it takes sb.time to do sth. =doing sth.takes sb.time做某事花了某人多少时间。
(4)pay的主语是人，通常表示花费金钱，常与for搭配使用，常见搭配有：pay (sb.)money for sth.付钱(给某人)买某物，pay for sth.为某物付钱，pay for sb.替某人付钱。
【演练】
(　　)1. It _____ Mary about two days to finish this project.
A. paid B. took C. spent D. cost
(　　)2. He _____ much time on books. So he knows a lot about this subject.
A. pays B. takes C. costs D. spends
B
D
(　　)3. —How much is the ticket to Central Park？
—A one-way ticket _____ ￥40, and you can _____ another ￥20 for a round-trip ticket.
A. costs； pay B. costs； spend
C. pays； spend D. spends； pay
A
【辨析】
(1)take意为“拿走；带走”，指把某物或某人从说话处带到别处去。
(2)bring意为“拿来；带来”，指把某物或某人从别处带到说话处来。
6. take， bring， get， carry
(3)get意为“取来”，表示到某处把某人请来或把某物取来（双程）。
(4)carry意为“搬运；携带”，不具体说明来去的方向，有时含有沉重或麻烦之意。
【演练】
(　　)1. —Tom, don't forget to _____ your homework to school.
—OK, Mom.
A. take B. bring C. get D. carry
(　　)2. —Tom, have you _____ your homework
—Yes, Miss Zhang. Here you are.
A. taken B. got C. brought D. carried
A
C
(　　)3. Ben, can you help me _____ the box It is too heavy.
A. take B. carry C. bring D. get
(　　)4. There is no water in the bottle. Why not go and _____ some？
A. take B. get C. carry D. bring
B
B
【辨析】
(1)borrow强调“借入”，是非延续性动词。borrow ... from ... 向某人 /从某处借入某物。
(2)lend强调“借出”，是非延续性动词。lend sth.to sb./lend sb.sth. 借出某物给某人。
(3)keep意为“保留；借”，是延续性动词。“keep sth.for＋时间段”表示“借某物多长时间”。
7. borrow， lend， keep
【演练】
(　　)1. —Can I _____ your bike My bike is broken.
—Sorry. I can't _____ it to you because mine is broken, too.
A. borrow; borrow B. lend; lend
C. borrow; lend D. lend; borrow
(　　)2. Daisy _____ a book from her cousin and she has _____ it for three weeks.
A. borrowed; lent B. borrowed; kept
C. lent; kept D. kept; borrowed
C
B
【辨析】
(1)get表示“到达”时是不及物动词，要与介词to连用，即：get to+表示地点的名词。
(2)arrive是不及物动词，表示“到达”时要借助介词in或at，后接大地点用in，后接小地点用at，即：arrive in＋大地点，arrive at＋小地点。
8. get， arrive， reach
(3)reach表示“到达”时是及物动词，直接接地点，即：reach+表示地点的名词。
注意 (1)当arrive和get后面接表示地点的副词（如here, there, home等）时，无须加介词。（2）如果需要单独使用，后面不接任何地点名词或副词时，只能用arrive。
【演练】
(　　)1. Last night， Alice _____ New York and began her trip there.
A. got B. arrived at C. reached in D. arrived in
(　　)2. I wanted to know when you _____ the school library yesterday afternoon.
A. arrived B. got C. reached D. arrived in
D
C
(　　)3. What were you doing when your teacher _____ the classroom？
A. got to B. got
C. arrived D. arrived in
A
【辨析】
（1）leave意为“忘了带；丢下”，常用于“leave sth./sb.+某处”结构中，表示“将某物 / 某人落在某处”。
（2）forget意为“忘记带（需要之物）”，后面直接接名词，不再接地点。
（3）lose意为“丢失；失去”，表示找不到某物或某人。
9. leave， forget， lose
【演练】
(　　)1. I have _____ my schoolbag at home. I can't hand in my homework now.
A. lost B. forgotten C. left D. missed
(　　)2. On his way home, Jack _____ his wallet and he had to go back to look for it.
A. lost B. left C. sold D. forgot
(　　)3. Once when we were going to Paris, I _____ my passport.
A. left B. forgot C. left to D. forgot to
C
A
B
【辨析】
(1)look for意为“寻找”，强调找的过程，结果未知。
（2）find意为“找到”，强调找的结果。
(3)find out意为“查出；查明”，表示经过调查后弄清真相。
10. look for， find， find out
【演练】
(　　)1. The police _____ the missing child in the mountain， but they couldn't _____ him.
A. found； look for B. found out； find
C. looked for； find D. looked for； find out
(　　)2. The man died accidentally yesterday. The police were trying to _____ the truth.
A. come out B. sell out C. find out D. set out
C
C
【辨析】
(1)offer意为“给予”，强调主动提供，常见搭配有：offer sb.sth./offer sth.to sb.提供某人某物。
(2)provide意为“供给；提供”，强调提供生活必需品或他人想要的物品，常见搭配有：provide sb.with sth. / provide sth.for sb.为某人提供某物。
(3)supply意为“供应；提供”，强调长期并且量大的供应，常见搭配有：supply sb.with sth. / supply sth.to sb.向某人提供某物。
11. offer， provide， supply
【演练】
(　　)1. The government _____ enough food and drink for the people in the earthquake.
A. supplied B. offered C. provided D. gave
(　　)2. She _____ me 2 dollars so that I could have enough money to buy some books to read.
A. provided B. offered C. borrowed D. supplied
(　　)3. Our school _____the students with warm water in the dormitory every day.
A. supplies B. offers C. sells D. buys
C
B
A
【辨析】
　（1）accept意为“接受”，指主观上接受或同意，强调本人的意愿。
（2）receive意为“接到”，指客观上收到某物，与本人意愿无关。
12. accept， receive
【演练】
(　　)1. He asked me to marry him and I _____.
A. got B. accepted C. received D. took
(　　)2. She _____ a bunch of roses, but she didn't know who sent them to her.
A. accepted B. received C. brought D. left
B
B
【辨析】
(1)happen意为“发生；碰巧”，泛指客观事物或情况的发生，强调动作的偶然性，常见搭配有：happen to sb.发生在某人身上， happen to do sth.碰巧做某事。
(2)take place意为“发生，进行”，指事件或活动等经过计划或安排好的事情的发生。
13. happen， take place
注意 常与happen搭配的名词有accident， crash， earthquake， tsunami(海啸)等；常与take place搭配的名词有 sports meeting， party， celebration， marriage等。此外，happen和take place通常不用于被动语态。
【演练】
(　　)1. A car accident _____ to the old man last night.
A. take place B. happened C. happen D. took place
(　　)2. The marriage ceremony will _____ in the church.
A. take place B. happen C. open D. take the place
B
A
【辨析】
两者都表示“希望”。
（1）hope表示有较大可能性实现的希望，可用于“hope+that从句”和hope to do sth.结构中。
（2）wish则表示难以实现的愿望，后面通常接一个that引导的宾语从句，且从句里的动词要用过去时，表示虚拟。
注意 wish还可以表示“想要做某事”，可用于wish to do sth.和wish sb.to do sth.结构中。
14. hope， wish
【演练】
(　　)1. Sometimes he _____ he had never been born.
A. hopes B. wishes C. makes D. decides
(　　)2. Next Saturday will be my birthday. I _____ you can come a little earlier.
A. make B. get C. hope D. wish
B
C
【辨析】
(1)win意为“获得；赢”，后接比赛、战争、奖品、金钱等，如：game, match, race, competition等。
(2)beat 意为“打败；胜过”，后接竞争的对手，如：person, team, group等。
15. win， beat
【演练】
(　　)1. Last week， Li Hong _____ Chen Hao in the school table tennis match.
A. won B. lost C. had D. beat
(　　)2. He _____ the first place in the shooting competition.
A. changed B. met C. won D. beat
D
C
THANKS!