【脑图速记】中考英语语法五 副词（PDF版）

中考语法脑图& 速记 五《副词》
一、概述：英语中用来表示动作特征或性状特征的词，用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词以及全句的词称为副词，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。
一．副词的分类
　 方式副词：well，fast，slowly，carefully，quickly
程度副词：very，much，enough，almost，rather，quite
　　 地点副词：here，there，out，somewhere，abroad，home，
　　 时间副词：today，early，soon，now，then，recently，still
　　 频度副词：always，often，usually，sometimes，seldom，never
　　 否定副词：no，not，neither，nor，
　　 疑问副词：where，how，why
其他：also，too，only
二．即可作形容词也可作副词：
fast，high, deep, straight，hard，late, early, enough.
e.g. run fast straight line hard work late Autumn enough money
fast development go straight work hard get up late good enough
三、形容词和副词的原级比较
1. 甲+ 谓语动词+ as + 形容词/副词原级+ as +乙 +….
e.g. He is as excited as his younger sister.
She rode her bike as slowly as an old lady.
2. 甲+谓语动词(否定式)+ as/so+形容词/副词原级+as+乙+….. (甲不如乙… )
e.g. He is not so / as excited as his younger sister.
四、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
（一）变法：
(1) 规则变化
1.一般在词尾直接加er或est，
tall-taller-tallest，long-longer-longest
2.以不发音的字母e结尾的单词在词尾直接加r或st，
nice-nicer-nicest
3.以辅音字母+y结尾的词，把y变为i，再加er或est，
heavy-heavier-heaviest
4.重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母，再加er或est，
big-bigger-biggest
5.部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more构成比较级和most构成最高级，
slowly-more slowly-most slowly；beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful
　　　　　　　　
* 注意： father和further 都可以表示时间上、距离上的“更远”，但是表示“更进一步”时只能用further.
e.g. We had better get further education.
（二）比较级的用法
(倍数)+比较级＋than，表示“甲比乙…”或“甲比乙…几倍”
　　 eg. Tom is taller than Kate.
　　 This room is twice larger than that one.
= The room is twice as large as that one.
有表示程度的副词a little, a bit, a lot, much, even, still, far, rather, any等修饰时，用比较级。
eg. It is much cooler today than before.
* 拓展： 只能修饰形容词原级的副词有：so, quite, very, too
表示两者之间进行选择“哪一个更.....”时，用句型“特殊疑问词+is +形容词比较级，A or B ”
eg. Who is taller, Tom or Jim
表示“越来越 ”，用比较级重叠结构，“比较级+比较级”；“more and more+形容词原级”。
eg. It's getting warmer and warmer in spring.
Our hometown is becoming more and more beautiful
表示“越 就越 ”时，用“the+比较级1，the +比较级2“结构
e.g. The cooler the weather is, the better I feel.
（三）最高级的用法
…the + 最高级 + (名词) + 表示范围(in/of)的短语或从句
e.g. He is the strongest of all the boys.
He is the kindest man that I have ever met.
…the second (third …) + 最高级 + (名词)+ 表示范围的短语 “……是第二(三……)……”
　　 e.g. The Chongming Island is the third biggest island in China.
表示“最……之一”时，用 “one of + the + 最高级+ 名词复数”。
e.g. The light bulb is one of the most helpful inventions.
形容词最高级前可以由物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰，此时不用定冠词the。
e.g. Yesterday is her happiest day in her life.
特殊疑问词+be+the+最高级, 甲，乙，or丙
e.g. which country is the largest, china, brazil or Canada