2023年外研版中考英语复习 第六节 介词课件(共91张PPT)

(共91张PPT)
第一部分 基于语义的语法知识篇
词 类
第六节 介词
目录
考点思维导图
01
中考考点回顾
02
考点精讲精练
03
语篇考点专练
04
考点思维导图
中考考点回顾
考点 考查题型及频次 考查内容
时间介词 单项填空（2年1考） in + 时间段（2018）
短文填空（5年1考） for + 时间段（2021）
方位介词 语法选择（3年2考） between表示“在（两者）之间”（2021）；
in表示在某一地区之内（2022）
短文填空（5年1考） in表示在某一地区之内（2022）
续表
考点 考查题型及频次 考查内容
其他介词 单项填空（2年1考） with表示“和……一起；和；同；跟”（2019）
语法选择（3年1考） with表示“有；具有；带有”（2020）
含有介词的固定搭配 短文填空（5年3考） in one’s life（2018）；because of（2019）；at the age of（2020）
33. —How soon will we get the offer from a new high school？
—_____ about two months.
A. In B. For C. Among D. During
解析：考查时间介词“in＋时间段”回答由how soon所引导的问句。故选A。
单项填空
Some valuable lessons he learnt as a child have strongly influenced him _71_ his later life.
解析：考查介词短语in one’s life(在某人的生活中)。故填in。
短文填空
33. I think tea will taste better _____ some milk in it.
A. for B. with C. from D. at
解析：考查介词with表示“和……一起；和；同；跟”。故选B。
单项填空
The village became popular because _72_ Grandpa Huang’s hard work.
解析：考查介词短语because of(因为)。故填of。
短文填空
One day，her teacher went into the classroom 　_31_　some kites.
A. to B. in C. with D. by
解析：考查介词with表示“有；具有；带有”。故选C。
语法选择
Jane took part in a winter camp _67_ the age of eight.
解析：考查介词短语at the age of(在……岁时)。故填at。
短文填空
The bridge runs _34_ two mountains.
A. at B. under C. among D. between
解析：考查方位介词between表示“在(两者)之间”。故选D。
语法选择
He is William， an American who has lived in China _67_ 33 years.
解析：考查时间介词“for+时间段”用于完成时的用法。故填for。
短文填空
She was born and raised _31_ a village in Hebei province.
A. in B. for C. with
解析：考查方位介词in表示在某一地区之内。故选A。
语法选择
Tea is mostly produced _69_ Asian countries like China and India.
解析：考查方位介词in表示在某一地区之内。故填in。
短文填空
考点精讲精练
考点1
时间介词
1. at, on和in
介词 用法 举例
at 用于具体的时间点 at 9 o’clock在9点
用于一些固定搭配中 at noon在中午， at the age of在……岁时（2020. 67）
续表
介词 用法 举例
on 用于具体某一天、星期和一般节日 on May 1st在5月1日， on Monday在星期一， on Children’s Day在儿童节　　
用于具体某一天的上午、下午、晚上 on a cold night在一个寒冷的晚上， on Monday morning在星期一早上， on the night of May 2nd在5月2日的晚上
续表
介词 用法 举例
in 用于世纪、年、月、季节　　 in the 21st century在21世纪， in January在1月， in spring在春天
用于泛指的上午、下午、晚上 in the morning / afternoon / evening在上午 / 下午 / 晚上
【注意】在this， that， last， next， every等词的前面不能再加介词。如： I woke up at 6 o’clock this morning. 今天早晨我6点钟醒来。
口诀一：点用at，段用in，日子前面加个on。
口诀二：in在年月季节前，on在星期日子前，at在钟点前，早晚下午要用in，夜晚正午要用at，前有修饰要用on，of前面on代in。
(1)Su Yiming won the gold medal at the Beijing Winter Olympics ______ February 15th, 2022. 2022年2月15日，苏翊鸣在北京冬奥会上获得金牌。
(2)_____ May 2022, we held many events to celebrate the 100th birthday of the Communist Youth League of China. 2022年5月，我们举办了一系列庆祝中国共产主义青年团成立100周年的活动。
on
In
(3)_______ Saturday morning, I usually get up _______ 10：00. 星期六早上，我通常10点起床。
On
at
2. since和for
(1)since+时间点，意为“自从……”，用于说明动作的起始时间。
I have learned English since ten years ago. 我自从10年前就开始学英语。
(2)for+时间段，意为“已经多长时间了”，用于说明动作的延续时间，常用来回答由how long引导的问句（2021. 67）。
I have lived here for six years. 我住在这儿已经6年了。
—__________ has William been a volunteer 威廉做志愿者多久了
—For 10 years. 有10年了。
【注意】since和for多与现在完成时连用。
How long
3. after和in
（1）after意为“在……之后”，后接时间段或时间点。after+时间段=时间段+later，用于过去时。after+时间点，用于过去时或将来时。
He returned after a month. =He returned a month later. 一个月后他回来了。
①He __________ back after eight o’clock last evening. 他昨天晚上8点后回来的。
②He __________ back after ten o’clock this evening. 他将在今天晚上10点后回来。
came
will come
（2）in+时间段，表示“在……之后”，用于一般将来时，常用来回答由how soon引导的问句。(2018. 33)
Please turn on the TV. CCTV News will begin in five minutes. 请打开电视。《新闻联播》将在5分钟后开始。
—__________ will your father come back？你的爸爸多久后回来？
—In five days. 5天后。
How soon
4. 其他时间介词
(1)before:
①before+时间点，意为“在……之前”。
I will go back to see you before ten o’clock. 我将在10点前回来看你。
②表次序，意为“在……之前；先于”。
We should wash our hands before eating. 在吃东西前我们应该先洗手。
(2)by+时间点，意为“到……的时候”，常与完成时连用。
He has read about 30 pages of the book by now. 到现在为止他已经读了这本书大约30页。
By the time he was fifteen years old, he ___________ chess all by himself for eight years. 到15岁的时候，他已经自学象棋8年了。
had learned
(3)during+时间段，意为“在……期间”。
During those three years, he worked very hard. 在那3年里，他非常努力地工作。
（4）from意为“从…… （时间）起”，常与to连用。
He was blind from birth. 他天生失明。
The meeting will last __________ eight __________ ten this morning. 今早的会议将从8点持续到10点。
from
to
( )1. Father’s Day comes _____ June every year. (2022重庆B卷改编)
A. in B. on C. at
( )2. I usually get up _____ 6：30 in the morning. And you (2022雅安改编)
A. at B. on C. in
A
A
( )3. _____ May 2022, we held many events to celebrate the 100th birthday of the Communist Youth League of China. (2022福建)
A. At B. In C. On
( )4. Maria went skating with her friends in the park _____ a sunny morning. (2022恩施州)
A. at B. in C. on
B
C
( )5. _____ spring, the days are often windy and bright. It’s a perfect time to fly a kite. (2022宿迁改编)
A. On B. In C. At
B
1. in, on和to
(1)in表示在某一地区之内的某方位(属于该范围)。(5年2考)
Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国的东部。
考点2
方位介词
(2)on表示与某地是毗邻关系(两地接壤)。
Mongolia lies on the north of China. 蒙古位于中国的北面。
(3)to表示在某一地区之外的某方位(不属于该范围，也不接壤)。
Japan lies to the east of China. 日本位于中国的东面。
(1)Hunan Province is __________ the south of Hubei Province. 湖南在湖北的南面。
(2)Dongting Lake is __________ the south of China. 洞庭湖在中国的南部。
(3)Australia lies __________ the south of China. 澳大利亚位于中国的南面。
on
in
to
2. on, over和above; under和below
【注意】above zero 零度以上(指温度); below zero 零度以下(指温度)。
(1)There is an apple __________ the table. 桌上有一个苹果。
(2)Her skirt reaches just __________ her knees. 她的裙子刚到膝盖下。
(3)The great bird hovered high __________ our heads. 那只大鸟在我们头顶高处盘旋。
on
below
above
(4)There is a bridge ________ the river. 河上有一座桥。
(5)We sailed _________ the Golden Gate Bridge. 我们在金门大桥下航行。
(6)The temperatures remained __________ freezing all day. 气温整天保持在冰点以下。
over
under
below
3. in front of和in the front of
(1)in front of表示 “在……的前面(范围外)”。
There are some trees in front of the classroom. 在教室前面有一些树。
(2)in the front of表示 “在……的前面(范围内)”。
The teacher’s desk is in the front of the classroom. 讲台在教室的前面。
(1)The bus driver sits _______________ me. He is driving carefully __________________ the bus. 公车司机坐在我的前面。他坐在公车的前面小心翼翼地开车。
(2)In class, my art teacher likes to stand _____________ the classroom and my math teacher often stands ______________ the teacher’s desk. 在课堂上，我的美术老师喜欢站在教室的前面，我的数学老师经常站在讲台前面。
in front of
in the front of
in the front of
in front of
4. between和among
(1)between 表示“在(两者)之间”，常与and连用。(2021. 34)
There is a chair between the desk and the bed. 书桌和床之间有一张椅子。
(2)among表示“在(三者或三者以上)之间”。
Among the three boys, Tom is the tallest one. 3个男孩中，汤姆是最高的。
(1)English is widely used __________ countries. 英语在各国之间被广泛使用。
(2)The pay phone is __________ the bookstore ________ the supermarket. 公用电话在书店和超市之间。
among
between
and
5. across和through
(1)across表示“(从表面)横过；穿过；越过”。
The boy is swimming across the river. 那个男孩正在游过这条河。
(2)through表示“(从空间内部)穿过；通过”。
The bird flew through the window. 鸟儿穿过窗户。
(1)Millie was walking __________ the forest while Jack was swimming __________ the river. 当杰克正在游过这条河时，米莉正在穿过森林。
(2)A plane can fly __________ the clouds, but it can’t fly __________ the forest. 飞机可以穿过云层，但是不能穿过森林。
through
across
through
through
( )1. 200 families won 2021 Jiangsu Most Beautiful Families Award this year, and 15 families from Taizhou were _____ them. (2022泰州改编)
A. among B. between C. over
A
( )2. —Where’s the People’s Park
—Go along Gongyuan Road, turn right at the second crossing and it’s _____ your left. (2021十堰改编)
A. on B. to C. at
( )3. China successfully landed a spacecraft _____ Mars in May, 2021. (2021盐城改编)
A. in B. on C. at
A
B
( )4. Look! The sun is shining directly into the car. You’d better park it _____ the tree. (2021青海)
A. under B. in front of C. behind
( )5. Anna is taller than me. She sits _____ me in the classroom. (2021天津改编)
A. between B. from C. behind
A
C
1. by， in和on表示交通方式
(1)如果交通工具前没有任何限定词，用by。
by plane乘飞机，by bike骑自行车，by car乘汽车
考点3
方式介词
(2)如果交通工具前有冠词、物主代词、指示代词等限定词修饰，则用on或in。
in this car 乘坐这辆汽车，on an early train乘坐早班的火车
【注意】步行、骑马、骑自行车均用on。
on foot 步行,on a horse 骑马，on my bike骑我的自行车
（1）I’ll probably come __________ my bike. 我很可能骑自行车来。
（2）The boy followed them all the way __________ his car. 男孩一路开车跟着他们。
（3）They traveled to Chicago __________ train. 他们乘火车去芝加哥。
on
in
by
2. with, in， by和on表示手段或工具
(1)with多用于有形的工具或身体某些部位及器官前。
with a pen用钢笔，with our ears用我们的耳朵
(2)in表示使用某种语言或使用某种材料。
in English用英语，in blue ink用蓝墨水
(3)by多用于无形的工具或手段前。在名词前不加冠词，若接动词，动词需变成动名词形式。
by e-mail 用邮件， by singing songs通过唱歌
(4)on表示 “以……方式”，后常接电器、网络，多用于固定搭配。
on the telephone 通过电话 /在电话上，on the radio/on TV通过收音机 /电视，on the Internet 在互联网上
（1）They were speaking __________ Italian. 他们在用意大利语交谈。
（2）What will you buy __________ the money 你会用这笔钱买什么？
（3）He’s been __________ the computer all afternoon. 他一下午都在用计算机。
（4）She earns her living __________ selling insurance. 她以推销保险为生。
in
with
on
by
( )1. My mother often tells me it’s impolite to hit an empty bowl _____ chopsticks. (2022成都A卷)
A. in B. on C. with
( )2. —How do you relax in your free time
—_____ doing sports and listening to music. (2022云南改编)
A. At B. By C. In
C
B
( )3. I often go to school _____ foot. (2021梧州改编)
A. in B. by C. on
( )4. “Let me tell you a secret about it,”he said to me _____ a low voice.
A. with B. at C. in
( )5. I learn French _____ the Internet every day.
A. on B. by C. with
C
C
A
考点4
其他介词
介词 意义及用法 举例
about “大约……” About 300 students want to be volunteers. 大约有300名学生想成为志愿者。
“关于”，涉及文章、书籍、报告等有关内容时，可和on互换 I am reading a book about / on Hawking. 我正在读一本关于霍金的书。
续表
介词 意义及用法 举例
against “反对；违背” They are strongly against the idea. 他们强烈反对这个主意。
“撞击；碰着” Tom hit his head against a tree in the dark. 黑暗中汤姆的头撞到了一棵树上。
as “作为；以……的身份” As a student, we should hand in homework on time. 作为一名学生，我们应该按时交作业。
续表
介词 意义及用法 举例
besides “除……之外还有(包含在内)” What language can you speak besides English 除了英语，你还会说什么语言？
except “除……之外(排除在外)”，是从整体中除去一部分 We will travel to Beijing except Jack. 除了杰克，我们都会去北京旅游。
续表
介词 意义及用法 举例
for “为了；供”，表目的 I’ve bought him a watch for his birthday. 我给他买了块手表作为生日礼物。
“给；对；供”，表对象、用途 It’s a book for children. 这是一本儿童读物。
“因为；由于”，表原因 Guangzhou is famous for its delicious food. 广州因它的美食而出名。
续表
介词 意义及用法 举例
for “以帮助；为了” Let me carry that bag for you. 让我给你拿那个包吧。
“达，计”，表动作或情况持续的时间长度 Bake the cake for 40 minutes. 将蛋糕烘烤40分钟。
续表
介词 意义及用法 举例
for “对……来说”，用于句型：It’s+adj. +for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是怎样的（强调事物的特点） It is important for us to form good learning habits. 对我们来说，养成良好的学习习惯很重要。
like “像/和……一样”，常与系动词连用 That sounds like an interesting story. 那听起来像是一个有趣的故事。
续表
介词 意义及用法 举例
of “……的”，表示所属关系 Tom is a friend of mine. 汤姆是我的一个朋友。
用于句型:It’s+adj. +of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事是……的（表示某人的性格、品质等） It is kind of you to help others. 你帮助别人，真是善良。
构成介词短语because of(2019. 72),表原因 They are here because of us. 他们是因为我们来这里的。
续表
介词 意义及用法 举例
off “离开；脱离” Keep off the grass. 请勿踩踏草地。
to “向；朝；到；往”，表动作的目的地 She stood up and walked to the window. 她站起来走到窗前。
“向；给；对”，表动作的承受者 He sent presents to the children. 他给孩子们寄了礼物。
续表
介词 意义及用法 举例
with “和……一起；和；同；跟”(2019. 33) Can you go to the movies with me？ 你可以和我一起去看电影吗？
“有；具有；带有”(2020. 31) She came back with a letter in her hand. 她手里拿着一封信回来了。
without “没有” I can’t finish the task without your help. 没有你的帮助，我无法完成任务。
( )1. —What do you usually have _____ breakfast
—Hainan noodles. (2022海南)
A. with B. for C. by
B
( )2. Our English teacher came into the classroom _____ a smile on her face. (2022无锡改编)
A. in B. over C. with
( )3. With the teachers’ help, I have realized I’m not the center _____ the world and learned to put myself in others’ shoes. (2022昆明改编)
A. of B. by C. up
C
A
( )4. Our hometown is a beautiful city _____ hundreds of lakes. (2021大庆改编)
A. at B. on C. with
( )5. Thanks to the video Visiting the World Online, we can enjoy the sights _____ leaving home. （2021龙东）
A. with B. by C. without
C
C
1. 介词与动词的常见搭配
ask for 要；请求 hear from 收到……来信
wait for 等待 learn from 向……学习
leave for 前往 send for 派人去请
think of 认为；想起 listen to 听
考点5
介词短语
depend on 依靠 laugh at 嘲笑
look after 照顾 look for 寻找
arrive in/at 到达 worry about 担心
regard … as 把……当作
2. 介词与名词的常见搭配
on time 准时 in English 用英语
by hand 用手工 in danger处于危险中
in fact 事实上 on the left/right 在左/右边
with one’s help 在某人的帮助下
in one’s life在某人的生活中（2018. 71）
to one’s surprise 使某人惊讶的是
3. 介词与形容词的常见搭配
be good at 擅长 be proud of 为……骄傲
be full of/be filled with 充满 be afraid of 害怕
be busy with 忙于 be kind to 对……友好
be strict with 对……严格 be ready for 为……做准备 be late for 迟到
( )1. —Why are you so excited
—All of us take pride _____ the successful coming back of the Shenzhou-13. (2022自贡)
A. in B. on C. at
A
( )2. I have no money on me because I often pay _____ things through WeChat (微信). (2022十堰改编)
A. to B. for C. by
( )3. Yuan Longping, one of the best-known scientists around the world, made great contributions _____ developing hybrid rice. (2021恩施州)
A. in B. for C. to
B
C
( )4. As a middle school student, you should learn to depend _____ yourself to make a decision.
(2021广元改编)
A. of B. with C. on
C
( )5. —Good news! You’ve passed the PE test.
—Hooray! _____, I was worried about it. (2021荆州)
A. By accident B. To be honest
C. As a result D. In my opinion
B
更多介词辨析及短语归纳可见于《中考高频词汇突破》，并建议结合《早读本》进行记忆
编者按
语篇考点专练
一、语法选择
My friend, David Smith, kept birds. One day he phoned and told me he would be away _1_ a week. He asked me to feed the birds for him and said he would leave his key _2_ my mailbox.
Unfortunately, I did not remember to feed the birds until the night _3_ his return. I rushed out of my house
for
in
before
and it was already dark when I arrived _4_ his house. I soon found the key that he gave me could unlock neither the front door nor the back door! I kept thinking _5_ what David would say when he came back.
Then I noticed that one bedroom window was open. I found a big stone and pushed it _6_ the window. Because the stone was very heavy, I made a lot _7_ noise. But _8_ the end, I managed to climb up.
at
of
under
of
in
I had one leg _9_ the bedroom when I suddenly realized that someone was shining a torch (手电筒) up at me. I looked down and saw a policeman and an old lady, one of David’s neighbors. “What are you doing up there ” said the policeman.
Feeling _10_ a fool, I replied, “I was just going to feed Mr. Smith’s birds. ”
inside
like
( )1. A. for B. since C. to
( )2. A. with B. by C. in
( )3. A. before B. after C. as
( )4. A. in B. on C. at
( )5. A. for B. of C. with
A
C
A
C
B
( )6. A. under B. above C. over
( )7. A. between B. of C. off
( )8. A. to B. on C. in
( )9. A. below B. inside C. outside
( )10. A. like B. as C. about
A
B
C
B
A
二、短文填空
Once there was a king who never ate a meal unless there was a dish of fish with it, but one day a big storm stopped the fishermen _1_ going to catch fish. The king was sad and he said if anyone brought him a fish, he would give him anything that he asked for. _2_ last, a
from
At
fisherman caught a big fish and hurried _3_ the king’s palace with it. But the king’s Prime Minister would not let him in unless the fisherman promised to give him half _4_ whatever the king gave him for the fish.
The king was very happy when he saw the fish. He asked the fisherman what he wanted _5_ his fish. _6_ his surprise, the fisherman said, “I want you to beat me
for
to
of
To
two dozen (十二个) times _7_ a stick. ” When the king began to beat him softly, the fisherman said, “No, please beat me as hard _8_ you can. ”
After the king had beaten him a dozen times, the fisherman jumped away and said, “That is enough _9_ me. I promised the other dozen to your Prime Minister. ” Then he told the king what had happened _10_ the
as
with
for
between
Prime Minister and himself. The king was very angry. He not only gave the Prime Minister the dozen hits, but also said, “Because you are dishonest, you will not be my Prime Minister anymore. The fisherman will take your place. ”
1. ________________ 2. ________________
3. ________________ 4. ________________
5. ________________ 6. ________________
7. ________________ 8. ________________
9. ________________ 10. ________________
for
from
as
At
to
of
To
with
for
between
THANKS!