高考英语阅读练习（含答案）

专攻解题方法与技巧
英语高考阅读练习
第一练　全国新高考Ⅰ卷
第一节　阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Rome can be pricey for travelers, which is why many choose to stay in a hostel (旅社). The hostels in Rome offer a bed in a dorm room for around $　25 a night, and for that, you’ll often get to stay in a central location (位置) with security and comfort.
Yellow_Hostel
If I had to make just one recommendation for where to stay in Rome, it would be Yellow Hostel. It’s one of the best－rated hostels in the city, and for good reason. It’s affordable, and it’s got a fun atmosphere without being too noisy. As an added bonus, it’s close to the main train station.
Hostel_Alessandro_Palace
If you love social hostels, this is the best hostel for you in Rome. Hostel Alessandro Palace is fun. Staff members hold plenty of bar events for guests like free shots, bar crawls and karaoke. There’s also an area on the rooftop for hanging out with other travelers during the summer.
Youth_Station_Hostel
If you’re looking for cleanliness and a modern hostel, look no further than Youth Station. It offers beautiful furnishings and beds. There are plenty of other benefits, too; it doesn’t charge city tax; it has both air conditioning and a heater for the rooms; it also has free Wi－Fi in every room.
Hotel_and_Hostel_Des_Artistes
Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes is located just a 10－minute walk from the central city station and it’s close to all of the city’s main attractions. The staff is friendly and helpful, providing you with a map of the city when you arrive, and offering advice if you require some. However, you need to pay 2 euros a day for Wi－Fi.
1. What is probably the major concern of travelers who choose to stay in a hostel
A. Comfort. B. Security. C. Price. D. Location.
2. Which hotel best suits people who enjoy an active social life
A. Yellow Hostel. B. Hostel Alessandro Palace.
C. Youth Station Hostel. D. Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes.
3. What is the disadvantage of Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes
A. It gets noisy at night. B. Its staff is too talkative.
C. It charges for Wi－Fi. D. It’s inconveniently located.
【语篇解读】
主题语境：人与社会。本文是一篇应用文，介绍了罗马的几个价格低廉、安全舒适的旅社。
【答案解析】
1. C　细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，对旅行者来说，罗马的旅游费用可能很昂贵，这就是许多人选择住旅社的原因。故选择住旅社的旅行者可能最关心的是价格。
2. B　细节理解题。根据Hostel Alessandro Palace部分第一句可知，如果你喜欢社交旅社，这是罗马最适合你的旅社。
3. C　细节理解题。根据Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes部分最后一句可知，然而，你需要每天支付2欧元的 Wi－Fi费用。故该旅社的缺点是Wi－Fi收费。
By day, Robert Titterton is a lawyer. In his spare time though he goes on stage beside pianist Maria Raspopova—not as a musician but as her page turner. “I’m not a trained musician, but I’ve learnt to read music so I can help Maria in her performance.”
Mr Titterton is chairman of the Omega Ensemble but has been the group’s official page turner for the past four years. His job is to sit beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score so the musician doesn’t have to break the flow of sound by doing it themselves. He said he became just as nervous as those playing instruments on stage.
“A lot of skills are needed for the job. You have to make sure you don’t turn two pages at once and make sure you find the repeats in the music when you have to go back to the right spot.” Mr Titterton explained.
Being a page turner requires plenty of practice. Some pieces of music can go for 40 minutes and require up to 50 page turns, including back turns for repeat passages. Silent onstage communication is key, and each pianist has their own style of “nodding” to indicate a page turn which they need to practise with their page turner.
But like all performances, there are moments when things go wrong. “I was turning the page to get ready for the next page, but the draft wind from the turn caused the spare pages to fall off the stand，” Mr Titterton said, “Luckily I was able to catch them and put them back.”
Most page turners are piano students or up－and－coming concert pianists, although Ms Raspopova has once asked her husband to help her out on stage.
“My husband is the worst page turner，” she laughed. “He’s interested in the music, feeling every note, and I have to say: ‘Turn, turn！’ “Robert is the best page turner I’ve had in my entire life.”
4. What should Titterton be able to do to be a page turner
A. Read music. B. Play the piano.
C. Sing songs. D. Fix the instruments.
5. Which of the following best describes Titterton’s job on stage
A. Boring. B. Well－paid. C. Demanding. D. Dangerous.
6. What does Titterton need to practise
A. Counting the pages. B. Recognizing the “nodding”．
C. Catching falling objects. D. Performing in his own style.
7. Why is Ms Raspopova’s husband “the worse page turner”？
A. He has very poor eyesight. B. He ignores the audience.
C. He has no interest in music. D. He forgets to do his job.
【语篇解读】
主题语境：人与自我。本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了为钢琴演奏者做翻页工作的 Robert Titterton 和他的工作情况。
【答案解析】
4. A　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，Robert Titterton不是受过训练的音乐家，但他学会了识乐谱，这样就可以在 Maria 的表演中帮助她。
5. C　推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，这项工作需要很多技能。你必须确保你不会一次翻两页并且确保在必要的时候你能翻回正确的页面，展示音乐重复的部分。由此推知，Titterton 的工作要求是很高的。
6. B　细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知，无声的舞台交流是关键，每个钢琴演奏者都有自己示意翻页的“点头”方式，这需要他们和翻页者进行练习。故Titterton需要和钢琴演奏者练习识别他们示意翻页的“点头”。
7. D　细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句可知，Ms Raspopova的丈夫对音乐很感兴趣，会去感受每一个音符，所以她不得不提醒他：“翻页，翻页！”由此可知，Ms Raspopova的丈夫在帮她翻页的时候总是沉浸在音乐中而忘掉自己的工作。
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl (水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever－increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat (栖息地)．
In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory (迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J．N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, Iowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.
About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System—a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.
8. What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America
A. Loss of wetlands. B. Popularity of water sports.
C. Pollution of rivers. D. Arrival of other wild animals.
9. What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph
A. Acquire. B. Export. C. Destroy. D. Distribute.
10. What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
A. The stamp price has gone down. B. The migratory birds have flown away.
C. The hunters have stopped hunting. D. The government has collected money.
11. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A. The Federal Duck Stamp Story B. The National Wildlife Refuge System
C. The Benefits of Saving Waterfowl D. The History of Migratory Bird Hunting
【语篇解读】
主题语境：人与自然。本文是一篇说明文，介绍了美国鸭票的由来。
【答案解析】
8. A　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，数百万英亩的湿地被抽干，为不断增长的人口提供食物和住房，这大大地减少了水禽的栖息地。
9. C　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句的前一句可知，北美土著人把这些珍贵的自然资源保护得很好；再根据画线词所在句的Unfortunately可知，本句与前一句应构成转折关系，即探险者和定居者破坏了这些自然资源，故画线词的意思是“破坏”。
10. D　细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第二句可知，自1934年以来，超过5亿美元进入到这个基金会，购买了超过500万英亩的水禽栖息地。由此可知，鸭票的发行使美国政府获得了大量的资金。
11. A　主旨大意题。根据全文可知，本文介绍了探险者和移民使美国水禽骤减，因此美国发行了狩猎凭证——鸭票，而鸭票的部分收入用于购买水禽栖息地，从而保护了水禽。由此推知，A项“美国鸭票的故事”作文章标题最佳。
Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional (情感的) intellingence. Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person’s makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills.” Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill－based emotional intelligence.
We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person.
Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well－being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re－evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.
Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives (视角) from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.
12. What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence
A. It can be measured by an IQ test.
B. It helps to exercise a person’s mind.
C. It includes a set of emotional skills.
D. It refers to a person’s positive qualities.
13. Why does the author mention “doctor” and “cheater” in paragraph 2
A. To explain a rule. B. To clarify a concept.
C. To present a fact. D. To make a prediction.
14. What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence
A. Favorable. B. Intolerant. C. Doubtful. D. Unclear.
15. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence
A. Its appeal to the public. B. Expectations for future studies.
C. Its practical application. D. Scientists with new perspectives.
【语篇解读】
主题语境：人与社会。本文是一篇说明文。文章澄清了一些有关情商的误解，介绍了情商大众化的优势以及表达了对未来关于情商研究的期望。
【答案解析】
12. D　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，现在许多人都误解情商是一个人的性格、动机、信心、心理稳定性、乐观主义和“人际交往能力”等无法用智商测试衡量的所有品质。
13. B　推理判断题。根据第二段可知，我们更喜欢将情商描述为一系列特定的技能，可用于好的或坏的目的。医生可能利用这种准确理解他人感受的能力来找到最好的帮助病人的方法，而骗子可能利用这种能力来控制潜在的受害者。情商高并不一定使一个人成为有道德的人。由此推知，举例是为了阐明情商的概念。
14. A　推理判断题。根据第三段第一句可知，尽管关于情商的流行观点远远超过了研究所能合理证实的范围，但大众化的总体效果一直是利大于弊的。由此推知，作者支持情商的大众化。
15. B　主旨大意题。根据最后一段前两句可知，虽然情商继续受到大众的青睐是可取的，但我们希望这种关注能激起人们对情感的科学和学术研究的更大兴趣。我们希望在未来的几十年里，科学的进步将为研究人们如何管理自己的生活提供新的视角。由此推知，本段主要谈了对未来情商研究的期望。
第二节　阅读下面短文， 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
My husband and I just spent a week in Paris. __16__ So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth－floor apartment the size of a cupboard. It was so tiny that we had to leave our suitcases in the hallway.
The place wasn’t entirely authentic, though. Unlike a normal Parisian apartment, the plumbing (水管) worked. __17__ Our building even had a tiny lift with a female voice that said, “Ouverture des portes，” in perfect French. That is the only French phrase I mastered, and it’s a shame I don’t have much use for it.
Parisians are different from you and me. They never look lazy or untidy. As someone noted in this paper a couple of weeks ago, they eat great food and never gain weight. __18__ French strawberries do not taste like cardboard. Instead, they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs.
__19__ On our first morning in Paris, I went around the corner to the food market to pick up some groceries. I bought a handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet melon. My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cost $　18!
In France, quality of life is much more important than efficiency (效率). You can tell this by cafés life. French cafés are always crowded. __20__ When do these people work The French take their 35－hour workweek seriously—so seriously that some labor unions recently struck a deal with a group of companies limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call.
A. Not all the customers are tourists.
B. The quality of life in France is equally excellent.
C. There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.
D. The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
E. That’s not the only reason the French eat less than we do.
F. Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.
G. The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy.
【语篇解读】
主题语境：人与社会。本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者夫妇两人在巴黎居住一周的感受。
【答案解析】
16. F　考查段中句。空前句说我丈夫和我刚在巴黎待了一周；空后句说所以我们做的第一件事就是租了一个非常昂贵的公寓，在第六层，只有一个橱柜那么大，故F项“我们的目的是看看我们是否可以在某种程度上像真正的巴黎人那样生活”承上启下，符合语境。
17. C　考查段中句。空前句说与正常的巴黎公寓不同，这里的管道工作正常；空后句说我们的这栋楼甚至还有一个小电梯，故C项“有一个漂亮的厨房和一张舒适的床”符合语境。
18. G　考查段中句。 空前句说他们吃得很好，而且从不发胖；空后句说法国草莓尝起来不像纸板。相反，它们会像风味炸弹一样在你嘴里爆炸，故G项“食物是如此美味，以至于你不需要吃太多就能使你快乐”与上下文衔接紧密。
19. E　考查段首句。上一段说法国食物美味，不用多吃就可满足；本段讲述了我和丈夫购买食物的经历，发现巴黎物美价高，故E项“这并不是法国人吃得比我们少的唯一原因”承上启下，符合语境。
20. A　考查段中句。空前说在法国，生活质量比效率更重要，这一点你能从咖啡馆生活看出来，法国的咖啡馆总是很拥挤；空后句问这些人什么时候工作，故A项“不是所有的顾客都是游客”符合语境。
第二练　全国甲卷
第一节　阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Take a view, the Landscape (风景) Photographer of the Year Award, was the idea of Charlie Waite, one of today’s most respected landscape photographers. Each year, the high standard of entries has shown that the Awards are the perfect platform to showcase the very best photography of the British landscape. Take a view is a desirable annual competition for photographers from all corners of the UK and beyond.
Mike Shepherd (2011) Skiddaw in Winter Cumbria, England 　　It was an extremely cold winter’s evening and freezing fog hung in the air. I climbed to the top of a small rise and realised that the mist was little more than a few feet deep, and though it was only a short climb, I found myself completely above it and looking at a wonderfully clear view of Skiddaw with the sun setting in the west. I used classical techniques, translated from my college days spent in the darkroom into Photoshop, to achieve the black－and－white image (图像).
Timothy Smith (2014) Macclesfield Forest Cheshire, England 　　I was back in my home town of Macclesfield to take some winter images. Walking up a path through the forest towards Shutlingsloe, a local high point, I came across a small clearing and immediately noticed the dead yellow grasses set against the fresh snow. The small pine added to the interest and I placed it centrally to take the view from the foreground right through into the forest.
1. Who would most probably enter for Take a view
A. Writers. B. Photographers. C. Painters. D. Tourists.
2. What do the works by Shepherd and Smith have in common
A. They are winter images. B. They are in black and white.
C. They show mountainous scenes. D. They focus on snow－covered forests.
3. Where can the text be found
A. In a history book. B. In a novel.
C. In an art magazine. D. In a biography.
【语篇解读】
主题语境：人与社会。本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了摄影比赛Take a view以及获奖的两个作品。
【答案解析】
1. B　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，对于来自英国各地和其他地方的摄影师来说，Take a view是一场令人向往的年度竞赛，因此摄影师最有可能参加Take a view。
2. A　细节理解题。根据Mike Shepherd部分第一句“那是一个极其寒冷的冬夜，空气中弥漫着冰冷的雾气”和Timothy Smith部分第一句“我回到我的家乡Macclesfield拍摄一些冬季的照片”可知， Shepherd和Smith的作品的共同之处是它们都是冬天的景象。
3. C　推理判断题。本文主要介绍了摄影比赛Take a view以及获奖的两个作品，故最有可能出现在一本艺术杂志上。
Port Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding (繁育) programme, has welcomed the arrival of a rare black rhino calf (犀牛幼崽). When the tiny creature arrived on January 31, she became the 40th black rhino to be born at the reserve. And officials at Port Lympne were delighted with the new arrival, especially as black rhinos are known for being difficult to breed in captivity (圈养)．
Paul Beer, head of rhino section at Port Lympne, said: “Obviously we’re all absolutely delighted to welcome another calf to our black rhino family. She’s healthy, strong and already eager to play and explore. Her mother, Solio, is a first－time mum and she is doing a fantastic job. It’s still a little too cold for them to go out into the open, but as soon as the weather warms up, I have no doubt that the little one will be out and about exploring and playing every day.”
The adorable female calf is the second black rhino born this year at the reserve, but it is too early to tell if the calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild. The first rhino to be born at Port Lympne arrived on January 5 to first－time mother Kisima and weighed about 32kg. His mother, grandmother and great grandmother were all born at the reserve and still live there.
According to the World Wildlife Fund, the global black rhino population has dropped as low as 5，500, giving the rhinos a “critically endangered” status.
4. Which of the following best describes the breeding programme
A. Costly. B. Controversial. C. Ambitious. D. Successful.
5. What does Paul Beer say about the new－born rhino
A. She loves staying with her mother. B. She dislikes outdoor activities.
C. She is in good condition. D. She is sensitive to heat.
6. What similar experience do Solio and Kisima have
A. They had their first born in January. B. They enjoyed exploring new places.
C. They lived with their grandmothers. D. They were brought to the reserve young.
7. What can be inferred about Port Lympne Reserve
A. The rhino section will be open to the public.
B. It aims to control the number of the animals.
C. It will continue to work with the World Wildlife Fund.
D. Some of its rhinos may be sent to the protected wild areas.
【语篇解读】
主题语境：人与自然。本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Port Lympne保护区喜迎黑犀牛幼崽出生的故事。
【答案解析】
4. D　推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句及第三段最后两句可知，这头幼崽是该保护区出生的第40头黑犀牛，而且圈养的黑犀牛是很难繁育的。今年出生的第一头黑犀牛及他的母亲、祖母和曾祖母都出生在该保护区，至今仍住在那里。由此可知，保护区的繁育计划很成功。
5. C　细节理解题。根据第二段中Paul Beer说的第二句话可知，这头新生的黑犀牛很健康，很强壮，渴望玩耍和探索。即Paul Beer认为这头新生犀牛的身体状况很好。
6. A　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句和第二段Paul Beer说的第三句话可知，小犀牛出生在1月31日，这是Solio第一次当妈妈。根据第三段第二句可知，1月5日，新手犀牛妈妈Kisima分娩了今年出生在Port Lympne的第一头小犀牛。由此可知，Solio和Kisima的第一个孩子都是在一月份出生的。
7. D　推理判断题。根据第三段第一句可知，要判断这些小犀牛是否会成为返回野生保护区的合适人选还为时过早。由此推知，Port Lympne保护区的一些犀牛可能会被送到野生保护区。
When I was 9, we packed up our home in Los Angeles and arrived at Heathrow, London on a gray January morning. Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me. Without my beloved beaches and endless blue－sky days, I felt at a loss and out of place. Until I made a discovery.
Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing. I loved it. I soon made friends with the local skaters. We spoke our own language. And my favorite: Safe. Safe meant cool. It meant hello. It meant don’t worry about it. Once, when trying a certain trick on the beam (横杆), I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came over, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards loud, shouting: “Safe!_Safe!_Safe！” And that’s what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater.
When I was 15, my family moved to Washington. I tried skateboarding there, but the locals were far less welcoming. Within a couple of years, I’d given it up.
When I returned to London in 2004, I found myself wandering down to Southbank, spending hours there. I’ve traveled back several times since, most recently this past spring. The day was cold but clear; tourists and Londoners stopped to watch the skaters. Weaving (穿梭) among the kids who rushed by on their boards, I found my way to the beam. Then a rail－thin teenager, in a baggy white T－shirt, skidded (滑) up to the beam. He sat next to me. He seemed not to notice the man next to him. But soon I caught a few of his glances. “I was a local here 20 years ago，” I told him. Then, slowly, he began to nod his head. “Safe, man. Safe.”
“Yeah，” I said. “Safe.”
8. What can we learn about the author soon after he moved to London
A. He felt disappointed. B. He gave up his hobby.
C. He liked the weather there. D. He had disagreements with his family.
9. What do the underlined words “Safe! Safe! Safe！” probably mean
A. Be careful! B. Well done! C. No way! D. Don’t worry!
10. Why did the author like to spend time in Southbank when he returned to London
A. To join the skateboarding. B. To make new friends.
C. To learn more tricks. D. To relive his childhood days.
11. What message does the author seem to convey in the text
A. Children should learn a second language.
B. Sport is necessary for children’s health.
C. Children need a sense of belonging.
D. Seeing the world is a must for children.
【语篇解读】
主题语境：人与自我。本文是一篇记叙文。作者搬到伦敦后因玩滑板而逐渐适应当地。多年后作者再次回到故地，在与一个玩滑板的孩子的对话中找到了自己久违的熟悉感。
【答案解析】
8. A　细节理解题。根据第一段第二、三句可知，除了我之外的家里人都很快适应了这个城市，没有了我喜爱的沙滩和永远的蓝天，我感到不知所措和格格不入。由此推知，作者刚到伦敦的时候因为不能很好地融入新城市而感到很沮丧。
9. B　句意理解题。根据画线句子所在句可知，几分钟后，当我完成这个动作时，我的朋友们都大声地敲打着他们的滑板。由此推知，作者的朋友是因为作者的成功而大声欢呼，画线句是赞美的含义，故选B项。
10. D　推理判断题。根据第四段前三句可知，作者回到伦敦后，不自觉就走到了小时候和小伙伴们一起玩滑板的地方Southbank，后来作者又去了几次，有一天还去了小时候在小伙伴面前表演滑板动作的横杆那里。由此可推知，作者去Southbank是为了追寻童年回忆。
11. C　推理判断题。根据全文可知，作者起初搬到伦敦很不适应，后来由于玩滑板，结识了一些朋友，才逐渐适应。但是搬去华盛顿后，因为没有这种氛围，作者就不再玩了。作者回到伦敦之后，经常去之前玩滑板的地方寻找童年回忆，在与一个孩子的对话中找到了自己久违的熟悉感。通过作者的经历可推知，作者要表达的是归属感对于孩子很重要。
Who is a genius This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.
Let’s state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us And who are they
In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this is not a surprise. It’s said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.
A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender (性别) are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up It doesn’t take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not.
Here’s the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we’re all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors (因素) like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance (毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.”
12. What does the author think of victors’ standards for joining the genius club
A. They’re unfair. B. They’re conservative.
C. They’re objective. D. They’re strict.
13. What can we infer about girls from the study in Science
A. They think themselves smart.
B. They look up to great thinkers.
C. They see gender differences earlier than boys.
D. They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs.
14. Why are more geniuses known to the public
A. Improved global communication.　　　 B. Less discrimination against women.
C. Acceptance of victors’ concepts. D. Changes in people’s social positions.
15. What is the best title for the text
A. Geniuses Think Alike B. Genius Takes Many Forms
C. Genius and Intelligence D. Genius and Luck
【语篇解读】
主题语境：人与社会。本文是一篇议论文。文章由问题“谁是天才”引入，论述了世人对天才的狭隘定义， 提出事实上天才有很多种形式。
【答案解析】
12. A　推理判断题。根据第三段第三、四句可知，据说历史是由胜利者书写的，而那些胜利者设定了进入天才俱乐部的标准。当俱乐部以外的天才——女性或不同肤色或信仰的人——做出贡献时，他们不会被认可并会遭到其他人的拒绝。由此可推知，作者认为那些胜利者对进入天才俱乐部设置的标准是不公平的。
13. D　推理判断题。根据第四段第一、二句可知，《科学》杂志最近发表的一项研究发现，与同龄的男孩相比，六岁的女孩更不可能说她们女孩是“非常非常聪明的”。更糟糕的是，研究发现女孩的行为也遵循着这一信念。六岁左右，她们开始避免那些据说是“非常非常聪明的”孩子才能参加的活动。由此可推知，女孩容易受到社会看法的影响。
14. A　细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句可知，在一个全球通讯不断的有线世界里，无论天才出现在任何地方我们都能看到他们。由此可知，进步的全球通讯让更多的天才被公众所知道。
15. B　主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，文章由问题“谁是天才”引入，论述了世人对天才的狭隘定义，提出事实上天才有很多种形式。由此可知，B项“天才有多种形式”作文章标题最佳。
第二节　阅读下面短文， 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Swap, Don’t shop!
You keep hearing about recycling, right But it doesn’t end with bottles, cans, and paper. Clothing takes a huge amount of natural resources (资源) to make, and buying loads of new clothing (or throwing out old clothing) is not healthy for the environment. So what to do with all those perfectly－good－but－you’re－maybe－a－little－sick－of－them clothes piled on your bedroom floor __16__. It’s the best way to get rid of your used clothes, score clothes from your friends, and have a party all at the same time.
A successful swap depends on the selection of clothes, the organization of the event, and, obviously, how much fun is had. It’s really easy to do! Here are a few pointers.
● Invite 5－10 people so you have a nice selection. __17__， and there may not be enough things to choose from; more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable.
● __18__. They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their “new” clothes home.
● Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room. __19__. Place a few mirrors around your room so people can see how things look when they try them on. One of the ground rules of the swap should be that everyone must try on the clothes before they take them—things always look different when you put them on.
● Set a starting time. Maybe you say “go，” or turn on a certain song, or whatever. __20__. And don’t forget to put out some cookies and fruits. Remember, it’s a party!
A. Less people than that
B. Hold a clothing swap
C. If two people are competing
D. Just keep music playing throughout
E. Donate whatever clothes are left over
F. Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots
G. Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition
【语篇解读】
主题语境：人与自我。本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了处理旧衣服的方法——衣物交换派对， 以及相关建议。
【答案解析】
16. B　考查段中句。空前提问该如何处理那些堆在卧室地板上的很好但你可能有点厌倦的衣服；空后讲这是不仅能处理旧衣服和从朋友那里获得“新”衣服，同时还能开派对的最好方法，故B 项“进行衣物交换”承上启下，符合语境。
17. A　考查段中句。空前讲邀请 5 到 10 个人，这样你就有很大的选择空间；空后讲可能没有足够的东西可供选择；多于这个数量，它就变得无法控制，故A项“少于这个人数”与下文中的more than that相反，符合语境。
18. G　考查段首句。空后讲他们还应该准备大量可重复使用的袋子，来把他们的“新”衣服带回家， 故G项“告诉每个人要带完好的干净衣服”与后文衔接自然，都是为交换衣物所做的准备，并且下文中的They指代G项中的everyone。
19. F　考查段中句。空前讲把不同类型的衣服放在房间的不同地方，故F项“让每个人把他们的衣服都放在相应的位置上”承接上文，符合语境。
20. D　考查段中句。空前讲设置开始时间。也许是你说“开始”，或者开始播放某首歌，或者别的任何什么方式；空后讲别忘了拿出一些饼干和水果。记住，这是个派对！故D项“要全程播放音乐”与上下文衔接自然，符合语境。
第三练　2021全国乙卷
第一节　阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
The Biggest Stadiums in the World
People have been pouring into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece. In around 8 A．D., the Romans built the Colosseum, which remains the world’s best known stadium and continues to inform contemporary design. Rome’s Colosseum was 157 feet tall and had 80 entrances, seating 50，000 people. However, that was small fry compared with the city’s Circus Maximus, which accommodated around 250，000 people.
These days, safety regulations—not to mention the modern sports fan’s desire for a good view and a comfortable seat—tend to keep stadium capacities (容量) slightly lower. Even soccer fans tend to have a seat each; gone are the days of thousands standing to watch the match.
For the biggest stadiums in the world, we have used data supplied by the World Atlas list so far, which ranks them by their stated permanent capacity, as well as updated information from official stadium websites.
All these stadiums are still functional, still open and still hosting the biggest events in world sport.
·Rungrado 1st of May Stadium, Pyongyang D．P.R. Korea. Capacity: 150，000. Opened: May 1, 1989.
·Michigan Stadium, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U．S. Capacity: 107，601. Opened: October 1, 1927.
·Beaver Stadium, State College, Pennsylvania, U．S. Capacity: 106，572. Opened: September 17, 1960.
·Ohio Stadium, Columbus, Ohio, U．S. Capacity: 104，944. Opened: October 7, 1922.
·Kyle Field, College Station, Texas, U．S. Capacity: 102，512. Opened: September 24, 1927.
1. How many people could the Circus Maximus hold
A. 104，944. B. 107，601. C. About 150，000. D. About 250，000.
2. Of the following stadiums, which is the oldest
A. Michigan Stadium. B. Beaver Stadium.
C. Ohio Stadium. D. Kyle Field.
3. What do the listed stadiums have in common
A. They host big games. B. They have become tourist attractions.
C. They were built by Americans. D. They are favored by architects.
【语篇解读】
主题语境：人与社会。本文是一篇说明文，介绍了世界上几个最大的体育场的基本情况。
【答案解析】
1. D　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，Circus Maximus可容纳大约250000人。
2. C　细节理解题。根据文中对后四个体育场开放时间的介绍可知，Ohio Stadium开放的时间最早。
3. A　细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知，这几个体育馆目前都在使用中，仍对外开放和举办世界体育盛事。
When almost everyone has a mobile phone, why are more than half of Australian homes still paying for a landline (座机)
These days you’d be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesn’t own a mobile phone. In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically everyone can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime.
Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter (29%) rely only on their smartphones, according to a survey (调查). Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede that it’s not really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket—19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies. I think my home falls into that category.
More than half of Australian homes are still choosing to stick with their home phone. Age is naturally a factor (因素)—only 58 percent of Generation Ys still use landlines now and then, compared to 84 percent of Baby Boomers who’ve perhaps had the same home number for 50 years. Age isn’t the only factor; I’d say it’s also to do with the makeup of your household.
Generation Xers with young families, like my wife and I, can still find it convenient to have a home phone rather than providing a mobile phone for every family member. That said, to be honest the only people who ever ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents, to the point where we play a game and guess who is calling before we pick up the phone (using Caller ID would take the fun out of it)．
How attached are you to your landline How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk deliveries
4. What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about mobile phones
A. Their target users. B. Their wide popularity.
C. Their major functions. D. Their complex design.
5. What does the underlined word “concede” in paragraph 3 mean
A. Admit. B. Argue. C. Remember. D. Remark.
6. What can we say about Baby Boomers
A. They like smartphone games. B. They enjoy guessing callers’ identity.
C. They keep using landline phones. D. They are attached to their family.
7. What can be inferred about the landline from the last paragraph
A. It remains a family necessity. B. It will fall out of use some day.
C. It may increase daily expenses. D. It is as important as the gas light.
【语篇解读】
主题语境：人与社会。本文是一篇说明文，介绍了澳大利亚家庭使用座机的情况并分析了其背后的原因。
【答案解析】
4. B　细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，现在在澳大利亚很难找到一个15岁以上没有手机的人。事实上，很多年纪更小的孩子都有手机。几乎每个人都可以在任何时间、任何地点打电话和接电话。由此可知，本段主要说明手机在澳大利亚广受欢迎。
5. A　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中破折号后的内容可知，19%的人表示他们从未使用过座机，另有13%的人保留座机以防紧急情况。由此推知，画线词所在句指拥有座机的澳大利亚人中有三分之一承认座机并不是真正必要的，故画线词意为“承认”。
6. C　细节理解题。根据第四段第二句和第五段第二句可知，婴儿潮出生的一代人中有84%的人可能已经使用同一个家庭电话号码50年了，且唯一打过作者家座机的人是作者出生于婴儿潮时期的父母。由此可知，婴儿潮出生的一代人一直用座机。
7. B　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，还要多久座机才能走上煤气路灯和早晨送牛奶的道路？而煤气路灯和早晨送牛奶已经被时代淘汰，此处作者使用类比的方式，侧面表达了座机总有一天会被淘汰的看法。
You’ve heard that plastic is polluting the oceans—between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re－examine their relationship to single－use plastic products.
At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse，” a pair of 10－foot－tall plastic waves, frozen mid－crash. Made of 168，000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source (来源) of plastic pollution, but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that’s part of Von Wong’s artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear.
In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate (说明) a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload’s worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic，” Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10，000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped (倾倒) from a truck all at once.
Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint.
8. What are Von Wong’s artworks intended for
A. Beautifying the city he lives in. B. Introducing eco－friendly products.
C. Drawing public attention to plastic waste. D. Reducing garbage on the beach.
9. Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3
A. To show the difficulty of their recycling. B. To explain why they are useful.
C. To voice his views on modern art. D. To find a substitute for them.
10. What effect would “Truckload of Plastic” have on viewers
A. Calming. B. Disturbing. C. Refreshing. D. Challenging.
11. Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. Artists’ Opinions on Plastic Safety
B. Media Interest in Contemporary Art
C. Responsibility Demanded of Big Companies
D. Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures
【语篇解读】
主题语境：人与自然。本文是一篇记叙文。艺术家Benjamin Von Wong用海洋塑料垃圾制作雕塑作品，以提高人们的环保意识。
【答案解析】
8. C　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，Benjamin Von Wong用塑料垃圾建造巨大的雕塑是想让观众重新审视他们与一次性塑料产品的关系，即引起公众对塑料垃圾的关注。
9. A　推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，塑料吸管绝对不是最大的塑料污染源，但它们最近却受到了抨击，因为大多数人不需要用吸管喝饮料，而且由于体积小、重量轻，它们无法被回收利用。由此可推知，作者在第三段讨论吸管是为了表明回收利用它们的困难。
10. C　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第二句可知，为了完成作品“Truckload of Plastic”，Von Wong和志愿者收集了一万多块塑料，然后把它们绑在一起，让它们看起来像是同时从一辆卡车上倾倒下来的。这个作品以直观且创新的方式让人们了解到每60秒就有如此多的塑料垃圾被倒入海洋，造成了视觉上的强烈冲击，令观众“耳目一新”。
11. D　主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，艺术家Benjamin Von Wong用海洋塑料垃圾建造巨大的雕塑，让观众重新审视他们与一次性塑料产品的关系，故D项“海洋塑料变成雕塑”作文章标题最佳。
During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often. Annoyed by the level of distraction (干扰) in his open office, he said, “That’s why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street—so I can focus.” His comment struck me as strange. After all, coworking spaces also typically use an open office layout (布局). But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach works.
The researchers examined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of creative thinking. They were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background, from total silence to 50 decibels (分贝), 70 decibels, and 85 decibels. The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant; however, the participants in the 70 decibels group—those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop—significantly outperformed the other groups. Since the effects were small, this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in response to total silence and 85 decibels of background noise.
But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background noise—not too loud and not total silence—may actually improve one’s creative thinking ability. The right level of background noise may interrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to wander, without making it impossible to focus. This kind of “distracted focus” appears to be the best state for working on creative tasks.
So why do so many of us hate our open offices The problem may be that, in our offices, we can’t stop ourselves from getting drawn into others’ conversations while we’re trying to focus. Indeed, the researchers found that face－to－face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.
12. Why does the interviewer prefer a coworking space
A. It helps him concentrate. B. It blocks out background noise.
C. It has a pleasant atmosphere. D. It encourages face－to－face interactions.
13. Which level of background noise may promote creative thinking ability
A. Total silence. B. 50 decibels. C. 70 decibels. D. 85 decibels.
14. What makes an open office unwelcome to many people
A. Personal privacy unprotected. B. Limited working space.
C. Restrictions on group discussion. D. Constant interruptions.
15. What can we infer about the author from the text
A. He’s a news reporter. B. He’s an office manager.
C. He’s a professional designer. D. He’s a published writer.
【语篇解读】
主题语境：人与社会。本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，开放式的办公室容易让人们分散注意力，而共享办公空间的适度噪音反而更有利于人们进行创造性思考。
【答案解析】
12. A　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，采访者喜欢共享办公空间的原因是那里可以让他集中注意力。
13. C　细节理解题。根据第二段第三句可知，70分贝组的参与者的表现明显优于其他组。由此可见，70分贝的背景噪音更有可能促进创造性思考。
14. D　细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句可知，在办公室里，当人们试图集中注意力时，会不由自主地被别人的谈话所吸引。由此可知，开放式办公室不受人们欢迎的原因是不断会受到干扰。
15. D　推理判断题。根据第一段第一句可知，作者在为自己的一本书而接受采访时，采访者说了一些至今还经常让作者想起的话。由此可推，作者可能是一位出版过书的作家。
第二节　阅读下面短文， 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
According to Jessica Hagy, author of How to Be Interesting, it’s not difficult to make yourself interesting at a dinner party.
__16__， if you’re out of your comfort zone or if you’re wandering into somebody’s house for the first time. So the main thing is just to show up and be adventurous, trying different foods and talking to strangers.
People love to talk about themselves. If you can start the conversation with a question other than “What do you do for a living？”， you’ll be able to get a lot more interesting conversation out of whomever it is you’re talking to. __17__， it can bring in “I have this old, broken－down vehicle” or “I rode the bus with these crazy people who were laughing at silly jokes in the back.” It just opens up conversation.
__18__？ If you can’t take their wine away, you should certainly try to take away their soapbox (讲台). If you’re the host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation. __19__．
And what about that other dinner－party killer: awkward silence If you’re faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party, the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment (赞扬). __20__. Just quickly turn around and say, “This cake is extremely delicious and you have to tell me all about it.”
So being interesting at a dinner party isn’t that hard.
A. How do you know the host
B. The first step is to go exploring
C. If you ask the question “How did you get here？”
D. Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangers
E. Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say
F. What about that person who has had too much to drink or won’t stop talking
G. He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most
【语篇解读】
主题语境：人与自我。本文是一篇说明文，介绍了在晚宴上让自己表现得有趣的一些方法。
【答案解析】
16. B　考查段首句。第一段讲在晚宴上让自己变得有趣并不难；空后讲如果你走出了舒适区，或者第一次去别人家，那么最主要的就是要出席晚宴，有冒险精神，尝试不同的食物，并与陌生人交谈，故B项“第一步是去探索”介绍让自己变得有趣的具体方法，总领本段。
17. C　考查段中句。本段讲人们喜欢谈论自己；空后讲人们会回答“我有一辆老旧的破车”或者“我和一群疯狂的人一起坐公交车，他们在后面因为无聊的笑话而大笑”，故C项“如果你问‘你是怎么来这儿的？’”与下文衔接紧密。
18. F　考查段首句。空后讲如果你不能拿走他们的酒，你应该让他们离开讲话的地方，故F项“喝太多酒或一直说个不停的人怎么办？”是空后内容所要解决的问题，符合语境。
19. E　考查段尾句。空前讲如果你是主人，你可以让他们到厨房帮忙做点什么，故E项“或者把对话转到他们没什么可说的话题上”提出另一个解决办法，承接上文，符合语境。
20. G　考查段中句。空前讲如果在晚宴上遭遇了尴尬的沉默，能让大家再次交谈的唯一方法就是赞扬主人。空后讲赞扬主人的方法：你只需快速转过身，说道：“这块蛋糕非常美味，你得告诉我关于它的一切。”故G项“他或她是最能感受到那种尴尬的人”承上启下，符合语境。G项中的awkwardness与上文中的awkward是同根词。
第四练
第一节　阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
(吉林吉林市普通中学2021届高三第二次调研测试)
● West Town
Chicago Public Library (CPL) encourages lifelong learning by welcoming all people and offering equal access to information, entertainment and knowledge through materials, programs and events. Each year, Chicago Public Library recommends the Best of the Best, CPL’s selections of the very best books published that year.
● Hours
Monday: 10∶00 a．m.－6∶00 p．m.　　　 Tuesday: 12∶00 p．m.－8∶00 p．m.
Wednesday: 10∶00 a．m.－6∶00 p．m. Thursday: 12∶00 p．m.－8∶00 p．m.
Friday: 9∶00 a．m.－5∶00 p．m. Saturday: 9∶00 a．m.－5∶00 p．m.
Sunday: Closed
● Holidays & Closures
All Staff Institute Day: Thursday, April 30, 2020 Closed All Day
Memorial Day: Monday, May 25, 2020 Closed All Day
Independence Day: Saturday, July 4, 2020 Closed All Day
Labor Day: Monday, September 7, 2020 Closed All Day
Thanksgiving: Thursday, November 26, 2020 Closed All Day
Christmas: Friday, December 25, 2020 Closed All Day
● Address & Contact
1625 W. Chicago Avenue Chicago IL 60622
Phone: (312) 743－0450
Email: westtown@chipublib.org
● Get a Library Card
Getting a library card is easy—and it’s free! Please visit any CPL location to fill out an application.
A current, valid ID with name, photo and Chicago address is required.
● Facilities
After－hours book return　Bike racks　Computers　Meeting rooms　Wi－Fi　A parking lot　Scanners
● Upcoming Events at West Town
Design Challenge Day
Description: Are you up for a challenge Drop in and tackle some design challenges using supplies provided by the library. Prizes will be awarded for the most creative submissions.
Suitable for: Kids and Teens
Time: Tuesday, March 24, 2020, 5∶00 p．m.－6∶00 p．m.
Film Screening: The Zookeeper’s Wife (2017)
Description: Join the West Town Branch for a screening of The Zookeeper’s Wife. A married couple who work as zoo caretakers help save Jewish people from the Nazi’s Holocaust.
Suitable for: Adults and Teens
Time: Tuesday, March 31, 2020, 5∶30 p．m.－7∶30 p．m.
1. When can people go and read in Chicago Public Library
A. 11∶00 a．m., April 29, 2020. B. 2∶00 p．m., May 25, 2020.
C. 9∶00 a．m., July 5, 2020. D. 6∶00 p．m., November 26, 2020.
2. What is required for getting a library card
A. Providing a recent photo and an application.
B. Applying on the library’s official website first.
C. Paying for it in your free time on a yearly basis.
D. Having a valid ID with name, photo and Chicago address.
3. What do we know about Design Challenge Day
A. Participants will compete for prizes.
B. The activity will last for nearly 2 hours.
C. It targets adults as their major participants.
D. Winners can watch The Zookeeper’s Wife for free.
【语篇解读】
主题语境：人与社会。本文是一篇应用文，介绍了芝加哥公共图书馆的开放时间、图书卡的办理要求以及即将举行的活动。
【答案解析】
1. A　细节理解题。根据Holidays & Closures部分内容可知，2020年4月30日是周四，故4月29日是周三。根据Hours部分内容可知，周三上午10∶00 至下午6∶00人们可以去该图书馆看书，故A项正确。
2. D　细节理解题。根据Get a Library Card部分第二段内容可知，办理图书卡时必须提供包含姓名、照片和芝加哥地址的当前有效身份证件。
3. A　细节理解题。根据Design Challenge Day的Description可知，最具创意的作品将获颁奖项。
(河南2021届高三三月调研考试)
In a long－sleeved shirt and jeans, Dieudonné Twahirwa looks nothing like the traditional African farmer. The 30－year－old owner of Gashora Farm knows what a difference that makes.
“You need more role models，” he said, standing among knee－high rows of chilli (辣椒)plants. “If you have young farmers, they have land and they drive to the farm and others may think, ‘Why can’t I do that？’”
Twahirwa, a university graduate, bought a friend’s tomato farm six years ago for $　150. He made $　1，500 back in two months. “You have to link farming with entrepreneurship (创业精神) and real numbers，” he said.
Many young Africans are abandoning rural areas, choosing not to work hard for a long time in the fields—a job made tougher by climate change.
But Twahirwa is one of a growing band of successful farmers working to improve agriculture’s image on the continent. Some 1，000 farmers now produce chillies for him. He is starting a fourth farm of his own, and exports fresh and dried chillies and oil to Britain, the United States, India and Kenya.
Africa has the world’s youngest population and 65 percent uncultivated arable land (未开垦可耕地). Yet accessing land and loans is difficult, and African productivity is low with crop yields just 56 percent of the international average.
“Agriculture is mainly associated with suffering and no young person wants to suffer，” said Tamara Kaunda. She believes African agriculture needs a change to get rid of its old－fashioned image of extremely difficult and tiring work with a hoe. “Show young people with tractors, green fields, nice irrigation systems and smartphones，” she said.
Getting young people involved in agriculture does not mean they have to work on a farm. For example, in coffee production, the beans go from the farm to the washing station, then to be separated from the outer coverings. There are people in the coffee value chain who just build washing stations and rent them out. You just have to find a place to plug in.
4. What does “Why can’t I do that？” in paragraph 2 mean
A. Why can’t I search for young farmers
B. Why can’t I drive to the farm
C. Why can’t I buy a friend’s tomato farm
D. Why can’t I follow the example of those farmers
5. What makes it harder for farmers to work
A. Poor land. B. Low incomes.
C. Climate change. D. Long working hours.
6. What can we learn about Twahirwa according to paragraph 5
A. He focuses on marketing. B. He has made a fortune by growing chillies.
C. He is the most successful farmer. D. The locals aren’t willing to buy his chillies.
7. What is the current situation of the agriculture in Africa
A. It lacks farming land. B. It needs more farmers.
C. It needs to grow more coffee. D. It should change its conventional image.
【语篇解读】
主题语境：人与社会。本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了Twahirwa用自己的努力提升了非洲大陆农业的形象。
【答案解析】
4. D　句意理解题。根据第二段Twahirwa说的话可知，你需要更多的范例。如果有年轻的农民，他们有土地，而且开车去农场，其他人可能会想“我为什么不能那样做呢？”结合句意，尤其是role models可推测画线部分的意思是“我为什么不能效仿那些农民呢”。
5. C　细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知，许多非洲年轻人正在舍弃农村地区，选择不在田里长时间辛苦劳作，气候变化让这一工作变得更加艰难。
6. B　推理判断题。根据第五段内容可知，Twahirwa是越来越多成功农民中的一员。大约有1000个农民为他生产辣椒。他正在开办自己的第四个农场，向英国、美国、印度和肯尼亚出口新鲜辣椒、干辣椒和辣椒油。由此可推知，Twahirwa靠种辣椒发了财。
7. D　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段倒数第二句可知，Tamara Kaunda认为，非洲农业需要改变，摆脱用锄头辛勤劳作的旧形象。
(广东惠州市2021届高三第三次调研考试)
A living, biodegradable (可生物降解的) fabric named “Biogarmentry” has been invented. Made from algae (藻), the textile purifies the air around it through photosynthesis (光合作用)．
Researchers claim it’s the first living textile, and have fashioned the material into a sheer, cloak－like garment. While prototypes like these are still in the early stages of research and design, and far from mass production, they challenge the fashion industry to reimagine ways it can reduce its large carbon footprint through alternative fabrics.
Fashion is one of the world’s most polluting industries. It’s responsible for more carbon emissions than international flights and shipping combined, amounting to 10% of all greenhouse gasses emitted globally. The crops traditionally used to make clothing absorb carbon as they grow, but most natural materials are still carbon emitters. Take a single T－shirt made of cotton for example. The estimated footprint of a cotton shirt over its lifetime is 15 kilograms (33 pounds) of carbon dioxide, with most of that emitted during the energy－intensive production and dyeing processes.
In recent years, environmental startups have proposed a number of alternative natural fibres, many of which have the potential to sequester carbon but none have been shown to achieve net－zero emissions. As algae has the ability to trap carbon, a carbon－negative raincoat made from a plastic－like material made of marine algae has been created. Algae－based materials are, currently, where electric vehicle technologies were a decade ago. The technology is now ready for prime time. When the resulting garments are commercially available, we can imagine people wearing their own organic cloak and encouraging their algae to purify the air.
8. Which of the following is the most environmentally－friendly
A. An international flight. B. Clothing made of cotton.
C. A petrol－powered vehicle. D. A raincoat made of algae.
9. What does the underlined word “sequester” in paragraph 4 probably refer to
A. Increase. B. Create. C. Capture. D. Release.
10. Which word best describes the author’s attitude to algae－based materials
A. Skeptical. B. Optimistic. C. Conservative. D. Objective.
11. What’s the text mainly about
A. A textile helping purify the air. B. An industry causing pollution.
C. A way to achieve net－zero emissions. D. A trend in the fashion industry.
【语篇解读】
主题语境：人与社会。本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种可生物降解的纺织品的问世，它有助于净化空气。
【答案解析】
8. D　细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句可知，由于海藻具有捕获碳的能力，一种由海藻制成的负碳雨衣问世了。由此可知，一件由海藻制成的雨衣最环保。
9. C　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句及其后一句可知，近年来，环保初创企业提出了许多替代天然纤维的方案，其中许多具有封存碳的潜力，但没有一种能够实现零排放。由于海藻具有捕获碳的能力，一种由海藻制成的负碳雨衣问世了。由此可推知，画线词与capture意思相近，意为“捕获”。
10. B　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，当生产出来的这种衣服上市时，我们可以想象人们穿着他们自己的有机斗篷，让藻类净化空气。故可推断，作者对藻类材料持积极态度。
11. A　主旨大意题。由全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了一种由藻类制成的有助于净化空气的可生物降解纺织品。
(福建福州市2021届高三6月适应性练习)
Hidden beneath the surface and involved in the roots of Earth’s astonishing and diverse plant life, there exists a biological superhighway linking together the members of the plant kingdom in what researchers call the “Wood Wide Web”．
The network is comprised of thin threads of fungus (真菌) that grow outwards underground up to a few meters from its partnering plant, meaning that all of the plant life within a region is likely connected to one another. The partnership is beneficial for both parties involved; plants provide carbohydrates (碳水化合物) to fungi and in exchange, fungi aid in gathering water and providing nutrients for their partnering plants.
A study conducted by Zeng Rensen of the South China Agricultural University found that this connectivity also allowed plants to warn one another of potential harm. A similar study showed Broad Beans also used the fungal network to spy on one another for upcoming danger.
Like our Internet, this fungal connectivity is also easily affected by crime. Some plants, such as Golden Marigolds, have been found to release poisons into the network to slow down the growth of surrounding plants in the fight for water and light. Other plants, such as the Phantom Orchid, do not have chlorophyll (叶绿素) and must get the necessary nutrients from surrounding plants.
Some research suggests that animals such as insects and worms may be able to detect subtle exchanges of nutrients through the network, allowing them to more easily find delicious roots to feed on; however, this has not been conclusively made clear in experimentation. The more we learn about this phenomenon, the more our understanding of the plant life of our planet will continue to change. Perhaps one day, we may be able to map out these complex fungal networks entirely.
12. What is the function of the first paragraph
A. To explain the aim of the web. B. To introduce the main topic.
C. To give the definition of diverse life. D. To show the importance of plants.
13. The criminal behavior of plants can be seen as a way to ________．
A. compete for survival B. gather more water
C. take in sunlight D. break natural rules
14. What does the last paragraph suggest
A. Animals can also feed on fungi.
B. Nutrient exchanges are too slight to detect.
C. No experiment can prove the phenomenon.
D. More work is to be done to work out the network.
15. Which can be the best title for the text
A. The Partnership between Plants B. The Unknown Roots of the Earth
C. The Superhighway Linking the Plants D. The Mysterious Map Changing the World
【语篇解读】
主题语境：人与自然。本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了将植物王国成员连接在一起的“高速公路”，被研究人员称之为“木维网”。
【答案解析】
12. B　推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，隐藏在地球表面之下的惊人而多样的植物生命的根部，存在着一条生物高速公路，将植物王国的成员连接在一起，研究人员称之为“木维网”。下文主要围绕此“高速公路”展开介绍。由此推知，第一段的作用是引入话题。
13. A　细节理解题。根据第四段最后两句可知，一些植物在争夺水和光的过程中会释放毒素到网络中来减缓周围植物的生长。其他植物没有叶绿素，必须从周围的植物获得生存所需的营养。由此可知，植物的犯罪行为是为了自己获得营养，即一种生存竞争的方式。
14. D　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句可知，我们对这一现象了解得越多，我们对地球上植物生命的理解就会继续发生更大的变化。也许有一天，我们能够完全绘制出这些复杂的真菌网络。由此推测，该段表明我们需要做更多的工作来弄清楚真菌网络。
15. C　主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了将植物王国的成员连接在一起的“高速公路”，被研究人员称之为“木维网”，因此C项“连接植物的高速公路”作文章标题最合适。
第二节　阅读下面短文， 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
(东北三省四市教研联合体2021届高三一模)
Principles of Developing Youth Leadership Skills
Look for leadership potential in everyone. __16__ Not everyone feels comfortable leading a meeting or speaking at an event, but they may be able to talk to teachers about a project or draft a letter to the school or community newspaper. It’s worthwhile to think about all of the ways youth can get involved.
Take the time to give meaningful feedback and build self－confidence. It can be difficult to find time to meet with a youth individually, but it is important. Plan to meet regularly with core leaders and be on the lookout for impromptu (即兴的) individual meetings. __17__
Opportunities are when youth lead projects or activities. Sometimes it’s hard to take a step back and play the supportive role, but it is the only way to develop leaders authentically (真正地). But sometimes you ask a youth to take ownership of a task and then decide to do it yourself. __18__ When leaders do not come through with an assignment, it’s important to hold them accountable. They will feel accomplished after working hard and grow up. At the same time, you must examine the skills and assistance you provide for the group to ensure that expectations were clear and that follow－ups took place to inquire about any extra support needed. __19__
__20__ Training can be facilitated with in－house staff or in cooperation with an outside resource person, so youth feel confident in their knowledge and skills. As tasks get more advanced, the level of training should progress as well. Ensuring youth are ready for each task will boost their confidence and make effective use of their time.
A. That can leave a negative impact.
B. Build up confidence and cheer up.
C. Offer lots of training and clear guidance.
D. Think of every young person as someone who possesses leadership ability.
E. Make sure young people have the guidance needed to complete agreed activities.
F. These could happen while walking with a youth to get a snack before or after a meeting.
G. Leadership skills can be absorbed in classroom learning through the belief in learned optimism.
【语篇解读】
主题语境：人与自我。本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了培养青年领导技能的一些原则。
【答案解析】
16. D　考查段中句。本段讲的是寻找每个人身上的领导潜力，故D项“把每个年轻人都看作是具有领导能力的人”符合语境。
17. F　考查段中句。空前讲计划定期与核心领导人会面，并留意即兴的个人会议，F项“这些会议可能发生在和年轻人一起在会前或会后散步去买点心的时候”承上启下，符合语境。F项中的These指代空前的individual meetings。
18. A　考查段中句。根据空前内容可知，有时候退一步去扮演一个支持性的角色是很难的，但这是能真正培养领导者的唯一途径。但有时你让一个年轻人承担一项任务，然后却决定自己去做，故A项“这会产生不好的影响”与上文衔接紧密，符合语境。
19. E　考查段尾句。空前讲与此同时，你必须检查你为团队提供的技能和帮助，以确保你表达了明确的期望和完成了后续的工作，以询问是否需要任何额外的支持，故E项“确保年轻人得到完成商定活动所需的指导”符合语境。
20. C　考查段首句。空后主要讲如何通过培训来给年轻人提供知识和技能，从而培养他们的领导技能，故C项“提供大量的培训和明确的指导”适合作段落主旨句，总领本段。