人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册Unit2 Iconic Attractions Words and Expressions 词汇课件 (共159张PPT)

(共159张PPT)
ICONIC ATTRACTIONS
Words and Expressions
词汇
At the end of the class, you will be able to:
grasp the key words and expressions of this unit.
learn how to change the forms of the words in the sentences.
enlarge vocabulary by roots and affixes.
learn the knowledge about the iconic attractions.
Learning Objectives
Opening Page
unit 2
iconic adj. 符号的；图标的
原句
P13 Iconic attractions
标志性风物
举例
So with all of this in mind, I’d like to make a proposal: it’s time for a new iconic image of the moment we became human.
因此，考虑到所有的这一切，我想提出一项建议：是时候为我们成为人类的那一刻，创造一个新的标志性形象了。
记忆
iconic adj. 符号的；图标的
词根词缀：
英英释义：
acting as a sign or symbol of sth.
衍生词：
icon n. 图标；偶像
iconic adj. 符号的；偶像的
iconicity n. 形象性，图像表示
iconically adv. 形象地
填空题
【2016 天津和平一模】She was an _______ of the entertainment industry.
The ads helped Nike to achieve ________ status.
Much recent work on language and literature has proved that language structure to a considerable degree is _________ motivated.
_________ explanation makes grammar analysis and application easier.
icon
iconic
iconically
Iconicity
iconic adj. 符号的；图标的
make an impression 给……留下印象
原句
P13 Whatever makes an impression on the heart seems lovely in the eye.
任何给心灵留下深刻印象的东西，在人们眼里似乎都是可爱的。
举例
【2023 天津卷 阅读理解】I figured it was my only chance to make an impression.
我想这是我给人留下深刻印象的唯一机会。
记忆
make an impression 给……留下印象
短语辨析
make a suggestion 给出一个建议
make an effort on sth. 在某方面付出努力
make a plan to do sth 计划做某事
make a mess 弄得一团糟
make a good impression 留下好印象
make a difference 使……不同，有影响
make a distinction 加以区别，指出
make an impression 给……留下印象
选择题
--Can you ______ on how to learn English well
--Of course. You’d better read English every morning and talk
with your friends in English after class.
make a suggestion
make an advice
make an impression
--你能就如何学好英语提出建议吗？--当然，你最好每天早上读英语，下课后用英语和你的朋友交谈。 A.提建议；B. advice不可数，不能搭配an; C. 给人留下……的印象，根据句意选择A。
make an impression 给……留下印象
选择题
2. --How can I _____ others when I first meet them
--It’s good for you to smile when you greet them.
make a good impression on
make fun of
lake care of
【解析】当我第一次见到他们时我应该怎样才能给他人留下好印象？--当你和他们打招呼时微笑对于你来说是有好处的。 A. 留下好印象； B 取笑；C.照顾。根据It’s good for you to smile… 可知是留下好印象，选A。
Reading and Thinking
阅读
foundation n. 创建；基础；地基
原句
P14 The foundation of Australia
澳大利亚的基础
举例
【2017 盐城期中】Peace is the foundation of happiness, for where there is anxiety, tension and confusion, joy cannot exist.
平静是幸福的基础，因为哪里有焦虑、紧张和困惑，哪里就不会有快乐。
记忆
foundation n. 创建；基础；地基
词根词缀：
常见考点
solid foundation 牢固基础
lay the foundations of / for 打下......的基础；为…打下基础
shake / rock the foundations of sth. 从根本上动摇
衍生词
foundational adj. 基础的；基本的
found v. 创办，成立；建造；兴建，以……为基础
founding n. （组织、公司、学校等的）创建，创办 adj. 创办的
foundation n. 创建；基础；地基
填空题
More recently, the __________ (found）began another campaign called National Red Scarf Day- a day when people donate $20 and wear red scarves in support of Canada’s hungry and homeless.【2017 北京卷 知识运用】
That, plus a couple more __________ （foundation）classes, and you will definitely be ready for my seminar.【2019 盐城期中】
The year of 2019 saw the seventieth anniversary of the _________(创建) of the People’s Republic of China.
foundation
foundation
foundational
foundation n. 创建；基础；地基
写作高分表达
【议论文-健康】再怎么强调健康的重要性都不为过，因为健康为我们所有的日常生活打下了基础。（lay the foundations for sth.）
We cannot emphasize the importance of health too much because it lays the foundation for all of our daily activities.
【记叙文-人物描写】四年的大学生活为他的工作打下了坚实的基础。（lay a solid foundation for sth.）
Four years’ college life laid a solid foundation for his work.
political adj. 政治的
原句
P14 Political divisions
政治分歧
举例
Global climatic change is not only a environmental question, but also energy, economic and political issue.
全球气候变化不仅是环境问题，而且是能源问题、经济问题和政治问题。
记忆
political adj. 政治的
词根词缀
衍生词
politic adj. 精明的，有策略的，审慎的
politics n. 政治，政治学，政治活动
politically adv. 政治地
常见搭配
political power 政治权利
political system 政治制度；政治体系
political party 政党
political adj. 政治的
翻译
【2018 浙江卷】His writing rode a wave of social, political and scientific progress.
他的作品受益于社会、政治和科学上的进步。
【2021 新高考i卷 阅读理解】The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N.“Ding”Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, lowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey.
最早的联邦鸭票是由J.N.“丁”达林设计的，他是爱荷华州得梅因市的一位
政治漫画家，当时被富兰克林.罗斯福总统任命为生物调查局局长。
equator n. 赤道
原句
P14 Located to the south of the equator, below many other countries on the globe, it's often informally referred to as "down under".
它位于赤道以南，在地球上许多其他国家的下方，常被非正式地称为“down under”。
举例
【2014 荆州期末】Our planet Earth is comparatively small, with only about 24,902 miles around the equator.
我们的地球相对来说比较小，绕赤道一周只有24902英里。
记忆
equator n. 赤道
词根词缀
英英释义
1. an imaginary line around the Earth forming the great circle that is equidistant from the north and south poles.
2. a circle dividing a sphere or other surface into two usually equal and symmetrical parts.
近义词
equinoctial n. 赤道 adj. 赤道的
equator n. 赤道
英译汉
In places close to the equator, the climate is very hot.
在靠近赤道的地方，气候非常炎热。
Heavy rain is a feature of the weather near the equator.
大雨是赤道附近天气的一个特征。
barbecue n.户外烧烤；烤架 （abbr. BBQ） v.烤肉
原句
P14 I‘m here in Sydney! Since I arrived, my friend has brought me to my first open-air barbecue and has also shared many different but yummy meals with me, so my first impressions of Australia have been all about food!
我在悉尼啦！自我到达这儿之后，朋友就带和我去吃了这辈子第一次的露天烧烤，还和我分享了许多风格各异的美味佳肴，所以我对澳大利亚的第一印象就是美食。
barbecue n.户外烧烤；烤架 （abbr. BBQ） v.烤肉
举例
①【2017 锦州期初摸底 阅读理解】There will be a barbecue and plenty drinks to go around.
将会有大量的烧烤（n.）和大量的饮料。
②Tuna can be grilled, fried or barbecued.
金枪鱼可以烤、煎或者烧烤（v.）着吃。
记忆
barbecue n.户外烧烤；烤架 （abbr. BBQ） v.烤肉
词源故事
17世纪来到海地的西班牙探险家和海盗，发现当地土著泰诺人（Taino）用柴枝搭成架子来烤肉，泰诺语称这种柴枝搭成的烤肉架为barbacoa。西班牙语把它直接借了过来，以后又进入英语，作barbecue。英国海盗、探险家丹皮尔（William Dampier, 1652-1715）在他所著的《航海纪实》（Voyages and Descriptions, 1699）一书中有这样一句话：“... and lay there all night, upon our Borbecu's, or frames of sticks, raised about 3 foot from the Ground”，该词在文中就用于此义。
常考短语
have a barbecue 烧烤
barbecue n.户外烧烤；烤架 （abbr. BBQ） v.烤肉
She shut the dog in the shed while she prepared the .
Don’t spill too much fat on the as it could flare up.
We were going to have a but the rain put the mockers on that idea.
In May Burger King introduced pork ribs at $7 for eight.
barbecue
barbecue
barbecue
barbecue
翻译
她做烤肉时把狗关在窝里。
不要在烤肉上浇太多的油，因为它可能会突然烧起来。
我们打算露天烧烤，但因为下雨，计划泡汤了。
今年5月，汉堡王推出了烧烤排骨，一份8块售价7美元。
barbecue n.户外烧烤；烤架 （abbr. BBQ） v.烤肉
语法填空
There’s a way of _____________ （barbecue）corn-on-the-cob that I learned from my uncle.
barbecuing
bakery n. 面包（糕饼）店；面包厂
原句
P14 Bakeries, fast-food joints, butcher shops, cafes, and restaurants everywhere provide some of the premier food experiences in the world.
随处可见的面包店、快餐连锁店、肉店、咖啡馆和餐馆提供顶级的美食体验。
举例
【2016 简阳校级期中】You make the best cake in the world, Betty, and I like to eat your cake better than have one from the bakery.
贝蒂，你做的蛋糕是世界上最好吃的，相比面包店的蛋糕，我更喜欢吃你做的蛋糕。
记忆
bakery n. 面包（糕饼）店；面包厂
词根词缀
常见考点
bakery product 烘焙食品
bakery oven 面包烘烤炉
衍生词/同根词
bake v. 烤
bake n. 烘烤食品
baker n. 面包师
bakehouse n. 面包店
bakeshop n. 面包店
bakery n. 面包（糕饼）店；面包厂
语法填空
【2022 高一上 闵行期中】I can see an old lady buying bread from a _______ （bake）on my way to school.
My mum likes cakes and bread, so she often ______（bake）by herself.
【2021 七上 深圳竞赛】A person who sells bread is a _______（bake）.
bakery
bakes
baker
bakery n. 面包（糕饼）店；面包厂
听力题
1．Where does the conversation probably take place
A．In a bank.
B．In a supermarket.
C．In a bakery.
joint n. 公共场所（尤指价格低廉的饮食和娱乐场所）；关节
adj. 联合的；共同的
原句
P14 Bakeries, fast-food joints, butcher shops, cafes, and restaurants everywhere provide some of the premier food experiences in the world.
随处可见的面包店、快餐连锁店、肉店、咖啡馆和餐馆提供顶级的美食体验。
举例
①【2020 江苏卷 阅读理解】The WHO-China Joint Mission on Covid-19 held a press conference.
中国-世界卫生组织新型冠状病毒肺炎联合专家考察组举行了一场新闻发布会。
② This condition can lead to severe joint pain.
这种情况会导致严重的关节痛。
记忆
joint n. 公共场所（尤指价格低廉的饮食和娱乐场所）；关节
adj. 联合的；共同的
词根词缀
常见考点
joint effort 共同努力
knee joint 膝关节
out of joint 脱臼
衍生词
jointly adv. 共同地
jointed adj. 有接缝的；有关节的
joint n. 公共场所（尤指价格低廉的饮食和娱乐场所）；关节
adj. 联合的；共同的
翻译
In the years since he stopped running, his joint had deteriorated badly.
2. 【2020 海南卷 阅读理解】Success comes from joint efforts.
3. 【2020 江苏卷】Feb 24: The WHO-China Joint Mission on Covid-19 held a press conference in Beijing.
2月24日，世卫与中国抗疫联合代表团在北京举行新闻发布会。
成功源于共同努力。
在他停止长跑的那几年里，他的关节病很厉害。
joint n. 公共场所（尤指价格低廉的饮食和娱乐场所）；关节
adj. 联合的；共同的
写作
【议论文—亲情】只有通过他们的共同努力，父母和孩子才能弥合他们之间的代沟。(joint efforts)
Only by their joint efforts, can parents and children bridge the
generation gap between them.
butcher n. 肉贩；屠夫；刽子手
原句
P14 Bakeries, fast-food joints, butcher shops, cafes, and restaurants everywhere provide some of the premier food experiences in the world.
随处可见的面包店、快餐连锁店、肉店、咖啡馆和餐馆提供顶级的美食体验。
举例
【2014 福建期中】Over 500 dogs being delivered to a butcher house were saved by a Chinese animal protection organization.
中国一个动物保护组织拯救了500多只被送到屠宰场的狗。
记忆
butcher n. 肉贩；屠夫；刽子手
常见考点
the butcher’s 肉铺
衍生词
butchery n. 杀戮；屠宰工作
butcherly adj. 屠夫似的；残忍的
近义词
slaughterer n. 屠夫
词源故事
butcher（屠夫）：屠宰山羊的人英语单词butcher来自法语boucher，字面意思就是“屠宰山羊的人”，其中的bouc表示“公山羊”。英语单词buck（雄鹿）就来源于bouc，原本表示“雄山羊”，后来才表示“雄鹿”。
butcher n. 肉贩；屠夫；刽子手
填空并翻译
Before, it was like a ________ place where they cut the cows and pigs and everything.
Chinese animal protection organization has made significant contributions to the rescue of animals sent to _______house.
butcher
butcher
以前它像个杀牛、猪等动物的屠宰场。
中国动物保护组织在救助被送往屠宰场的动物方面，做出了重大贡献。
premier adj. 最著名的；第一的；首要的 n. 总理；首相
原句
P14 Bakeries, fast-food joints, butcher shops, cafes, and restaurants everywhere provide some of the premier food experiences in the world.
随处可见的面包店、快餐连锁店、肉店、咖啡馆和餐馆提供顶级的美食体验。
举例
He has paid a visit to Australian Premier.
他拜访了澳大利亚总理。
记忆
premier adj. 最著名的；第一的；首要的 n. 总理；首相
词根词缀
知识趣闻
英格兰足球超级联赛（Premier League，简称“英超”）是英格兰足球总会属下的最高等级职业足球联赛，前身是英格兰足球甲级联赛。
premier adj. 最著名的；第一的；首要的 n. 总理；首相
单选题
【2020 如皋模拟】--How much do you know about the factory？
--Not so much. I only learn that it has achiever a ___ position
in the electronics field.
preferential
premier
previous
parallel
【解析】--你对这个工厂了解有多少？--不太多，我只知道它城市电子领域的领头羊。A. 优先的； B. 首要的；最著名的；第一的；C. 先前的；D. 平行的。
premier adj. 最著名的；第一的；首要的 n. 总理；首相
一词多义
My mama that just premier pass, also have my daddy old curio, extra tough handle with.
The second thing is that the global services units have become one of our premier customers.
3. I salute Vice Premier Wang for his leadership.
我妈妈那只是第一关，还有我爸爸那个老古董，更难对付。
第二件事情是全球服务部门已经成为了我们首要的客户之一。
我对王副总理的领导能力致敬。
straightforward adj. 坦率的；简单的
原句
P15 They have a straightforward and free-and-easy attitude towards life, and their friendliness and warmth made me feel at home wherever I went.
他们对待生活的态度简单直率、随性洒脱，他们的友善和热情让我无论走到哪里都有宾至如归的感觉。
举例
【2020 江苏卷 阅读理解】The question was too straightforward.
这个问题太简单了。
记忆
straightforward adj. 坦率的；简单的
词根词缀
常见考点
a straightforward process 简单的过程
衍生词
straightforwardness n. 直率
straightforwardly adv. 直截了当地
记忆
straightforward adj. 坦率的；简单的
近义词
simple adj. 简单的
easy adj. 简单的
honest adj. 诚实的
反义词
complex adj. 复杂的
complicated adj. 复杂的
roundabout adj. 拐弯抹角的
记忆
straightforward adj. 坦率的；简单的
易混词辨析 straightforward，frank，honest
● straightforward 直截了当，不回避，不故弄玄虚，多用于答复、叙述等
I insist that you must give me a straightforward answer.
你一定要给我一个直截了当的回答。
● frank 强调毫无保留地畅所欲言，不受任何约束。
He was quite frank with her about the whole thing.
他对她坦言相告整件事。
● honest 指的是不隐瞒事实真相或真实感受。
To be honest, it was the worst novel I’ve ever read.
说实在的，那是我读过的最差的小说。
straightforward adj. 坦率的；简单的
语法填空
【2017 安徽校级模拟】Many sports fans appreciated her ______________ （straightforwardly）character and attitude toward competition.
【2017 浙江卷 写作】It was only when I tried to remove my head that I realized getting out was going to be less ______________ （straightforwardly） than getting in.
【2022 义乌阶段测验】Let me put it more ______________（straightforward）.
When asked _______________（straightforward）, people tend to lie or shade the truth when the subject is sex, money or employment.
straightforward
straightforward
straightforwardly
straightforwardly
major in 主修；专攻
原句
举例
【2015 天津卷 阅读理解】I enjoyed studying English, so I decided to major in languages at college.
我喜欢学习英语，所以我决定在大学主修语言。
P14 However, as I major in social studies, I‘m more interested in meeting people in Australia and experiencing their culture, food, and way of life.
不过，因为我主修社会研究，所以我对结识澳大利亚人并体验他们的文化、饮食和生活方式更感兴趣。
Learning About Language
词汇
Building up your vocabulary
minister n. 部长；大臣；外交使节
原句
P16 The premier of the American government is called the Prime Minister.
美国政府的总理被称为总理。
举例
【2020 新课标卷 知识运用】The artist was sure he would be chosen, but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed.
这位画家确信他会被选中，但是当他把他的杰作展示给皇帝的宰相时，这位老人笑了。
记忆
minister n. 部长；大臣；外交使节
常见考点
prime minister 首相；总理
foreign minister 外交部长
the Minister of Agriculture 农业部部长
衍生词
ministration n. 援助；服侍
近义词
secretary n. 部长；大臣
minister n. 部长；大臣；外交使节
语法填空
【2011 湖北】The foreign _______（ministration）said :“We are ready for discussion with any legal parties, but will never negotiate with criminals.”
How shall not the __________ （minister）of the spirit be rather in glory
He is a ________ （ministration）in this church.
Thereby, the basis of penal responsibility of __________（minister）defect sin is varied.
minister
minister
ministration
ministration
frog n. 蛙；青蛙
原句
举例
【2021 青海】When frogs are not in water, their bodies can take air through their skin.
当青蛙不在水里时，它们的身体可以通过皮肤吸收空气。
P16 A minority of frogs in the forest are poisonous, and locals extract the poison to use on the tips of their arrows.
森林中的少数青蛙有毒，当地人提取毒液用于箭尖。
frog n. 蛙；青蛙
阅读题
Put a frog in the water and start hearing the water. As the temperature of water rises, the frog is able to adjust its body temperature. The frog keeps on adjusting with the increase in temperature. Just when the water is about to reach the boiling point, the frog is not able to adjust anymore. At that point the frog decides to jump out.
The frog tries to jump but is unable to do so because it loses all its strength in adjusting to the water temperature. Very soon. The frog dies. What kills the frog
What kills the frog
The boiling water.
Its own ability to adjust its body temperature.
Its own inability to decide when it has to jump out.
frog n. 蛙；青蛙
阅读题
Put a frog in the water and start hearing the water. As the temperature of water rises, the frog is able to adjust its body temperature. The frog keeps on adjusting with the increase in temperature. Just when the water is about to reach the boiling point, the frog is not able to adjust anymore. At that point the frog decides to jump out.
The frog tries to jump but is unable to do so because it loses all its strength in adjusting to the water temperature. Very soon. The frog dies. What kills the frog
2. What does the writer really want to tell us
We must think of danger in times of safety.
We should not put the frog in the boiling water.
The frog is too stupid to know how to protect itself.
arrow n. 箭；箭头
原句
举例
【2011 哈尔滨一模】Time flies as an arrow.
光阴似箭。
P16 A minority of frogs in the forest are poisonous, and locals extract the poison to use on the tips of their arrows.
森林中的少数青蛙有毒，当地人提取毒液用于箭尖。
记忆
arrow n. 箭；箭头
英英释义
A thin stick with a sharp point at one end, which is shot from a bow.
A mark or sign like an (→), used to show direction or position.
常见考点
a bow and arrow 弓箭
fire/shoot an arrow 射箭
近义词
dart n. 飞镖
arrow n. 箭；箭头
翻译题
An arrow pointed to the toilets.
His arrow thudded into the target.
The chevron or arrow road sign indicates a sharp bend to the left or right.
An officer then shot an arrow to put the bear to sleep.
他的箭噗的一声射中靶子。
一个箭头指向了厕所。
V形或箭头交通标志标识左方或右方有急转弯。
军官随后向熊射了一箭，让它睡过去了。
arrow n. 箭；箭头
猜谚语
Not a single arrow missed its target.
One arrow is easy to break, ten arrows are hard to break.
箭无虚发
一箭易折，十箭难折
entitle vt. 给……命名（或题名）；使享有权利
原句
P16 Ethnic minority groups in China are often entitled to special funds from the government to help protect their cultural heritage.
中国的少数民族群体通常有权获得政府的专项资金，以帮助保护他们的文化遗产。
举例
【2017 邢台期末】Doing so will entitle the ticket holder to unlimited free parking.
这样做可以使持票人享有无限的免费停车权。
记忆
entitle vt. 给……命名（或题名）；使享有权利
词根词缀
常见考点
be entitled sb. to ……有权力（资格）
You will be entitled to your pension when you reach 60.
你到60岁就有资格享用养老金。
近义词
allow 允许 enable 使能够
entitle vt. 给……命名（或题名）；使享有权利
语法填空
【2011 广东卷】A book ________ （entitle）Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother was published in 2010.
entitled
Golden parachutes(黄金降落伞) entitle them to a full year’s salary if they get booted out of the company.
翻译
黄金降落伞使他们一旦被公司解雇将有权获得一整年的薪水。
entitle vt. 给……命名（或题名）；使享有权利
写作
【议论文—社会】众所周知，全职员工有权获得医疗保险。
be entitled to do sth. 有权做某事
It is widely known that full-time employees are entitled to receive medical insurance.
dive vi&n. (dived/dove, dived) 潜水；跳水；俯冲
原句
P16 Visitors to the beaches can enjoy many activities including diving, kayaking, and rock climbing.
海滩游客可以享受许多活动，包括潜水、皮划艇和攀岩。
举例
【2020 新课标 阅读理解】She also said there were likely a number of other genes that help the Bajau dive.
她还表示，很可能还有一些其它基因对巴夭人潜水（n.）起到帮助。
【2014 江西卷】Children at his age were not even allowed to dive.
在他这个年龄的孩子甚至不允许潜水（v.）。
记忆
dive vi&n. (dived/dove, dived) 潜水；跳水；俯冲
常见考点
go diving 潜水
high dive 高台跳水
dive off/from 从……跳水
dive into 跳水；迅速将手伸入
dive for 扑向……;潜水寻找……
近义词
diving n. 跳水；跳水运动
diver n. 跳水员；潜水员
dive vi&n. (dived/dove, dived) 潜水；跳水；俯冲
填空题(可重复使用)
The goalkeeper _____________ the ball, but missed it.
She ___________ her bag and took out some money.
It’s dangerous to ____________ the cliffs.
He ____________ the river to cool off.
We ___________ for pearls.
I’d like to __________ in the Aegean.
They dared me to jump from the ___________ board.
go diving high dive dive off / from dive into dive for
dive off
dived into
dived for
dived into
go diving
high diving
dived for
domain n. 领域；领土；范围
原句
P16 Visitors can see these amazing creatures in their natural domain, and also sponsor an elephant to preserve its health and liberty.
游客可以在他们的自然领域看到这些令人惊叹的生物，也可以赞助大象保护其健康和自由。
举例
【2021 宜春模拟】Reading gives you the possibility to speak about science, even if you don’t work in this domain.
阅读让你有机会谈论你哪怕没有接触过的领域，比如科学方面的内容。
记忆
domain n. 领域；领土；范围
易混词：field，sphere，domain
● field主要指一段时间内作专题研究的领域、范围，如：
The team focused on research in the medical field.
这个团队专注于医疗领域的研究。
● sphere指有明显分界线的范围或领域，强调彼此互不干扰，如：
The twin brothers are in different social spheres.
双胞胎兄弟处在不同的社会圈子里。
● domain指知识、艺术、兴趣或人类活动的领域，也指旧时个人、国家等所拥有或统治的领土、领地、势力范围，如：
Biology used to be a male domain.
生物学曾是男人的领域。
sponsor vt. 倡议；赞助；主办；n.（法案等的）倡议者；赞助者
原句
举例
【2020 天津卷 阅读理解】The library may sponsor a language group you could join.
图书馆可能会发起一个语言小组，你可以加入其中。
P16 Visitors can see these amazing creatures in their natural domain, and also sponsor an elephant to preserve its health and liberty.
游客可以在他们的自然领域看到这些令人惊叹的生物，也可以赞助大象保护其健康和自由。
liberty n. 自由
原句
P16 Visitors can see these amazing creatures in their natural domain, and also sponsor an elephant to preserve its health and liberty.
游客可以在他们的自然领域看到这些令人惊叹的生物，也可以赞助大象保护其健康和自由。
举例
【2015 江苏卷】The essential belief of the first free government in the world was liberty for all men who could control themselves.
世界上第一个政府的基本信念就是给所有能自控的人自由。
记忆
liberty n. 自由
词根词缀
常见考点
individual/personal liberty 个人自由
political liberty 政治自由
take the liberty of doing sth. 自作主张做某事
be at liberty to do sth. 有权做某事
近义词
freedom n. 自由
Statue of Liberty
liberty n. 自由
写作
【议论文—社会】在讨论会上，所有人都可以自由发表意见。
at liberty to do sth. 自由做某事
All people are at liberty to express their opinions during the discussion.
freedom n.自由；不受……影响的状态
原句
P16 Unfortunately, elephants are endangered in Thailand, but special parks have been set up to protect their safety and freedom.
不幸的是，大象在泰国濒临灭绝，但已经建立了专门的公园来保护它们的安全和自由。
举例
【2021 天津卷 阅读理解】Such commitment can also weaken a sense of freedom.
这种投入也会削弱自由的感觉。
Learning About Language
语法
Discovering Useful Structures
strait n. 海峡
原句
P17 Cuba is just south of America, s_______ from it only by the Straits of Florida.
古巴就在美国南部，离它只有佛罗里达海峡。
举例
【2011 宁德模拟】The idea for a bridge across the strait had been around for many years.
建一座跨海峡大桥的想法已经有很多年了。
记忆
strait n. 海峡
近义词
channel 海峡；水道；航道
常见考点
Taiwan strait 台湾海峡
Bering strait 白令海峡
Cook strait 库克海峡（新西兰南岛与北岛之间的水道）
衍生词
straiten vi. 变窄；变紧
straiten vt. 限制；使… …穷困
straitness n. 狭窄
strait n. 海峡
翻译题
There is a bridge across the Taiwan strait.
An estimated 1,600 ships pass through the strait every year.
Some settlers were believed to have crossed the strait to America by means of a land bridge.
有一座桥跨越台湾海峡。
估计每年有1600艘船经过这个海峡。
一些移居者被认为是通过大陆桥越过海峡到达美洲的。
strait n. 海峡
语法填空
It used in __________ (strait) field, soft earth layer and instability aquiclude(不稳定含水土层).
He told me, he could not say but it might _________(strait) him a little; but however it was my Money, and I might want it more than he.
straitness
straiten
golf n. 高尔夫球运动
原句
P17 D_______ into 32 counties, Ireland brings in hundreds of thousands of visitors each year due to its golf tourism.
爱尔兰分成32个郡，由于其高尔夫旅游，每年吸引数十万游客。
举例
【2019 杭州期中】The man suggests playing golf this afternoon.
这个人建议今天下午打高尔夫。
记忆
golf n. 高尔夫球运动
常见考点
play golf 打高尔夫球
a round of golf 一场高尔夫球
衍生词
golfer n. 高尔夫球运动员
golfing n. 打高尔夫球
golfing v. 打高尔夫球（golf的ing形式）
听力题
1．【2020浙江模拟】Where might the conversation take place
A．On a golf course.
B．In a doctor's office.
C．In an emergency room.
2．【2020 苏州期末】What does the woman think of golf
A．It's fun. B．It's silly. C．It's exciting.
golf n. 高尔夫球运动
golf n. 高尔夫球运动
【2022 泊头月考】In the seventh grade when my mother suggested that I should join the golf team, I thought she had lost her mind. But as usual, my mother 3． in the end. I played on the middle-school golf team in the seventh and eighth grade. The summer before high school came, I was 4． to join the high school team.
3．A．stopped B．replied C．recovered D．won
4．A．serious B．careful C．anxious D．afraid
完形填空题
golf n. 高尔夫球运动
That summer I 5． almost every Sunday morning on the golf course with my 6． and too many afternoons with my mother. This 7． relationship with my parents 8． during my high school years. 9． you're walking down the freshly mowed fairway （修剪的平坦球道）, looking out across miles of nothing but golf course, and looking up at the beautiful blue sky, you will realize what is 10． in life.
5．A．wasted B．spent C．counted D．missed
6．A．father B．friend C．sister D．classmate
7．A．funny B．unhappy C．close D．poor
8．A．changed B．started C．failed D．continued
9．A．Though B．When C．Because D．Unless
10．A．difficult B．common C．convenient D．important
完形填空题
golf n. 高尔夫球运动
My mom and I 11． many things in the middle of a round of golf that we would never do at 12． , where she is Mom and I am an annoying teenager. On the golf course, we're just two people who 13． golf.
11．A．talk about B．give up C．look for D．take down
12．A．school B．home C．work D．play
13．A．discover B．trust C．love D．watch
完形填空题
golf n. 高尔夫球运动
During the past years golfing has become a part of my 14． . My friends know in the summer the place to find me is on the golf course. There is 15． I love more than a perfect autumn morning, riding around in a golf cart （球车） with my dad. Golf has 16． me and made me into the person I am today. And I have to 17． that all of it is thanks to my mom who made me join that middle-school golf team. In fact, she was right.
14．A．way B．story C．job D．life
15．A．nothing B．something C．anything D．everything
16．A．saved B．shaped C．protected D．persuaded
17．A．admit B．explain C．consider D．prove

完形填空题
sample n. 样本；样品
原句
P17 With many parts of the world not m_______ yet, researchers have begun a project that involves travelling around the world and taking sample photographs.
由于世界上许多地方还没有______，研究人员已经开始了一个项目，包括环游世界并拍摄样本照片。
举例
【2020 江苏卷】They tested the men’s fitness and resting metabolic rates and took samples of their blood and fat tissue.
他们测试了该男子的健康状况和静息新陈代谢率，提取了其血液和脂肪的组织样本。
单选题
【2020 泰州模拟】Foreign students and their families can sample the charm of traditional Chinese culture through ________ Peking Opera performance.
A．authentic
B．autonomous
C．artificial
D．ambiguous
sample n. 样本；样品
单选题
2. 【2020 高三上 常州期末】The teacher together with his assistants _____ ten cell samples during the past two months in the school lab.
A．analyze
B．analyzes
C．has analyzed
D．have analyzed
sample n. 样本；样品
sample n. 样本；样品
用所给词的正确形式填空
【2023 高三上 房山期末】Chinese 1._________ (researcher) have deployed an in-situ scientific experiment station on the seabed that will enable long-term unscrewed scientific research in the deep sea. The in-situ scientific experiment station is a new deep-sea system 2._________ (suggest) by China in recent years. Usually, 3._________ (tradition) marine surveys take samples from the seabed and get hem tested in the land labs. For in-situ testing in the deep sea, damage or loss of sample data due to environmental changes can 4. _________ (avoid).
researchers
suggested
traditional
be avoided
Using Language
听说
Listening and Speaking
a flock of 一群（鸟或羊）
原句
P18 a flock of sheep
一群羊
举例
【2023 天津模拟】A flock of white birds dip over gray-tiled rooftops and persimmon trees.
一群白色的鸟停在灰色的屋瓦上、点缀在柿子树丛里。
记忆
a flock of 一群（鸟或羊）
in honor of 向……致敬
in favor of 支持；赞成
in place of 代替
in terms of 就……而言
make sb. aware of 使某人意识到
in search of 搜寻
in charge of 负责
in need of 需要
in memory of 纪念
in spite of 虽然；尽管
in case of 以防；万一
in ways of 用……的方式
lack of 缺乏
by means of 通过……的方式
be made of 由……制成（看得出原材料）
a flock of 一群（鸟或羊）
填空题
A flock _____ customers were waiting for the store to open.
of
单选题
（2022高一下·西安期中）For Tomb-Sweeping Day, people should go to clean graves _____ their ancestors.
A．in terms of B．in celebration
C．in memory of D．in search of
【解析】句意：在清明节，人们应该去扫墓，焚香，纪念祖先。A. in terms of“从……方面”；B. in celebration“庆祝”；C. in memory of“纪念”；D. in search of“寻找”。根据“ go to clean graves and light incense”可知，此处表示为了纪念祖先而扫墓，焚香。故选C。
a flock of 一群（鸟或羊）
单选题
2．（2022高一上·佳木斯月考）This work ____ four parts, and my favorite part is the third part.
A．is made into B．is made of
C．is made from D．is made up of
【解析】句意：这部作品由四部分组成，我最喜欢的部分是第三部分。A. be made into“被制成……”；B. be made of“由……制（看得出原材料）”；C. be made from“由……制成（看不出原材料）”；D. be made up of“由……组成”。根据句中“four parts”可知，应该是这部作品由四部分组成，应用be made up of，故选D。
a flock of 一群（鸟或羊）
a flock of 一群（鸟或羊）
单选题
3．（2022高一下·静安期中）___________________the fog, we should have reached our school.
A．Because of B．In spite of
C．In case of D．But for
【解析】句意：要不是大雾，我们本应该到了学校。A.Because of“由于，因为”；B.In spite of “尽管”；C.In case of“以防，万一”；D.But for “要不是”。but for通常用于含蓄条件句中，相当于if条件句的用法，主句中使用虚拟语气。根据后句“we should have reached our school（我们本应该到了学校）”可知，要不是大雾，我们本应该到了学校。故选D。
a flock of 一群（鸟或羊）
单选题
4．（2022高二下·自贡月考）_________ robots, we can do most of what we thought was dangerous before.
A．In terms of B．By means of
C．In spite of D．In search of
【解析】句意：通过机器人，我们可以做我们以前认为危险的大部分事情。A： In terms of“就……而言”；B： By means of“通过……的方式”；C： In spite of“尽管”；D： In search of“搜索”。此处表示借助机器人，去做危险的工作，故选B。
a flock of 一群（鸟或羊）
单选题
5．（2023高二上·富锦期末）The company lost $7 million this quarter ________ a profit of $6. 2 million a year earlier.
A．in contrast to B．with regard to
C．in favor of D．at the sacrifice of
【解析】句意：这家公司本季度亏损700万美元，与去年同期620万美元的盈利形成了对照。A：in contrast to“与.....对照“；B： with regard to“关于”；C： in favor of“支持”；D： at the sacrifice of “以.....为代价”。根据句意， lost $7 million与a profit of $6.2 million 构成对比关系，故选A。
a flock of 一群（鸟或羊）
单选题
6．（2022高三下·浙江竞赛）Many of the scientists and engineers are judged _____ how great their achievements are.
A．in spite of B．in ways of
C．in favor of D．in terms of
【解析】句意：许多科学家和工程师根据他们的成就有多大而被评价。A. in spite of“虽然，尽管”；B. in ways of“用……的方式”；C.in favor of“有利于，支持”；D. in terms of“从……的角度，依据，按照”。由语意可知，成就的大小是评价这些科学家和工程师的依据，介词短语作状语。故选D。
a flock of 一群（鸟或羊）
单选题
7．（2023高二上·河北期末）I am all ______ trying to find ways to save money.
A．in honor of B．in favour of
C．in place of D．in terms of
【解析】句意：我完全赞成设法找到省钱的方法。A. in honor of向......致敬；B. in favour of支持，赞成；C. in place of代替；D. in terms of就......而言。根据句意可知，空处表示我支持去寻找省钱的办法。故选B。
a flock of 一群（鸟或羊）
单选题
8．（2022高二下·和平期末）Most of the educators are ______ providing more freedom to the teenagers, as it may make them more creative and independent.
A．in favour of B．in search of
C．in charge of D．in need of
【解析】句意：大多数教育家都赞成为青少年提供更多的自由，因为这可能会使他们更有创造力和独立性。A.in favour of “支持，赞成”；B.in search of “搜寻”；C.in charge of “负责”；D.in need of“需要”。根据“as it may make them more creative and independent”可知，这里应表示教育家都“赞成”给青少年更多的自由。故选A。
home to/of
原句
P19 It’s home to/of …
举例
Jamaica is home to over two million people.
牙买加是两百多万人的家乡。
它是… …的家园
Using Language
写作
Reading for Writing
distribution n. 分布；分配；分发
原句
P19 It has to be the kangaroo, as it has a wide distribution throughout the country.
毫无疑问是袋鼠，因为这种动物广泛分布于全国。
举例
【2018 全国卷】The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven.
这些语言的分布极不均匀。
记忆
distribution n. 分布；分配；分发
词根词缀
常见考点
population distribution 人口分布
distribution center 物流中心
distribution of resources 资源分配
distribution of sth. 某物的分配
e.g. This group is in charge of the distribution of aid supplies.
这一组的人负责分发救济物资。
记忆
distribution n. 分布；分配；分发
近义词
allocation n. 分配；安置
assignment n. 分配；任务
反义词
retention n. 保持；保留
衍生词
distributive adj. 分配的；分布的
distributor n. 分配者；经销商；[电]分配器
distribute v. 分配；散布；把……分类
distributional adv. 分布地; 分配地
distribution n. 分布；分配；分发
语法填空
【2016 南安市期末】They arrived at the __________ (distribute) center on Thursday to spend the day serving food.
To the question of ___________ (distribute) justice.
The Guizhou academic magazine introduces the bird resources in Guizhou, which records 417 species and 51 subspecies ____________ (distribute) in Guizhou.
【2012 北京卷 阅读理解】Can the __________ (distribute) handle the products of competitors
distribution
distributive
distributional
distributor
distribution n. 分布；分配；分发
写作
【议论文—教育】农村学校与城市学校的资源分配不平衡。
rural 农村 urban 城市 distribution of resources 资源分配
The distribution of resources is unbalanced between rural and urban schools.
temporary adj. 暂时的；短暂的
原句
P20 They sleep and drink milk in that temporary, protected environment until they are about seven or eight mouths old.
它们在这个临时性的、受保护的环境中睡觉和吃奶，直到七八个月大。
举例
【2020 江苏卷 阅读理解】Jan 23: Wuhan declared temporary outbound(向外的) traffic restrictions.
1月23日，武汉宣布实施出市临时交通管制。
记忆
temporary adj. 暂时的；短暂的
词根词缀
常见考点
temporary work 临时的工作
temporary accommodation 临时的住所
衍生词
temporarily adv. 暂时地
反义词
permanent adj. 永久的-----permanently adv. 永久地
temporary adj. 暂时的；短暂的
填空题 temporary temporarily
【2020 天津卷 阅读理解】It causes _________ hearing loss.
【2016 北京卷】Natalie’s school was so damaged that she had to __________ attend a school in Brooklyn.
【2021 新高考Ⅰ卷 阅读理解】It happened that the plant downtown needed eight kids for _________ help during our spring break, for which I had no plans beyond listening to my favorite records.
【2020 天津卷 阅读理解】It produces a deafening sound so painful that it ___________ disables a person.
temporary
temporary
temporarily
temporarily
temporary adj. 暂时的；短暂的
写作
【议论文—社会】春节的时候，许多人都雇请临时工来打扫卫生。
hire 雇用 temporary 临时的
During the Spring Festival, many people hire temporary workers to do the cleaning.
phase n. 阶段；时期
原句
P20 After this phases, they go out to try their legs.
在这个阶段之后，它们会出去试试腿力。
举例
【2017 浙江模拟】Though still in prototype phase, the gloves seem to have impressed the experts.
尽管仍出于原型阶段，这种手套似乎给专家们留下了深刻的印象。
记忆
phase n. 阶段；时期
常见考点
the initial/final phase 初始/最后阶段
a new/critical phase 一个新阶段/关键阶段
近义词
state n. 状态；状况
period n. 时期；阶段
phase n. 阶段；时期
选词填空【2023 河西期初】
He died of ____________ injuries.
The research effort has ____________ on tracing the effects of growing levels of five compounds.
What recreational ____________ are now available
This autumn, 6000 residents will participate in the first ____________ of the project.
The current situation is very ____________ for us.
multiple tend focus frustrating types
phase encounter grab appetite facility
multiple
focused
facilities
phase
frustrating
phase n. 阶段；时期
选词填空【2023 河西期初】
Did you ____________ anyone in the building
A problem for manufacturers is that lighter cars ____________ to be noisy.
I managed to ____________ her hand.
Someone's ____________ for something is their strong desire for it.
There are various ____________ of the disease.
encounter
tend
grab
appetite
types
multiple tend focus frustrating types
phase encounter grab appetite facility
phase n. 阶段；时期
写作
【2021 高三上 广东开学考】它不仅标志着中国空间站建设阶段的首次载人航天飞行，将三名宇航员运送到天河核心舱，完成为期三个月的任务，而且在测试空间站建设阶段的技术和设备方面也发挥着关键作用。
Not only does it mark the first manned spaceflight during China‘s space station construction phase, carrying three astronauts to Tianhe core module, where they are to complete a three-month mission, but it also plays a critical role in testing the technologies and equipment for the construction of the space station.
trunk n. 树干
原句
P20 They spend quite a lot of time eating, sleeping, and hanging onto tree trunks, so interaction with humans can cause them a lot of stress.
它们大部分时间都在吃东西、睡觉和挂在树干上，所以与人类互动会给它们带来极大的压力。
举例
【2016 浙江模拟】This pine tree looks tall and strong but actually its trunk is hollow.
这棵树看起来又高又壮，但实际上它的树干是空心的。
记忆
trunk n. 树干
一词多义
①树干 ②象鼻 ③行李箱；后备箱
衍生词
trunkful n. 满箱
trunk n. 树干
翻译
1. 【2010 抚顺模拟】The first blind man who felt the elephant’s trunk said it was like a snake.
2. 【2014 唐山一模】I opened the door and brought in the gifts I hid in our old car’s trunk.
我打开门，把藏在我们旧汽车后备箱里的礼物拿了出来。
第一个摸到大象鼻子的盲人说那摸起来像条蛇。
license vt. 批准；许可 n. （=licence）许可证；执照
原句
P20 If you want to hold a koala, you have to go to certain licensed zoos where animal experts make sure that the koalas selected for each session are in a good state for human contact and that they are handled for only a limited time and on a limited frequency of occasions. 如果你想要抱一抱考拉，你必须去那些获得正式许可的动物园，在那里动物专家会确保为每场互动而选出的考拉状态良好，可以与人接触，而且只在有限的时间内，以有限的次数与人互动。
举例
①【2019 辽宁-铁岭 阅读理解】Take a training course and get a license.
参加培训课程并获得驾驶许可执照(n.)。
②The new drug has not yet been licensed in the US.
这种新药尚未在美国获得许可(n.)。
记忆
license vt. 批准；许可 n. （=licence）许可证；执照
词根词缀
常见考点
driving license 驾照
衍生词
licensed adj. 得到许可的（=licenced）；v 许可
licensee n. 持牌人；执照持有人
license vt. 批准；许可 n. （= licence）许可证；执照
语法填空
【2021四川乐平模拟】China just issued commercial ________ (license) for 5G on June 6,2019. This means that China’s telecom companies will be able to offer 5G networks for mobile phone users.
【2022 红桥二模】A ________ (license) can profit form the sale of the software.
They are a fully bonded and _________ (license) company.
Is that gun ________ (license)
Drivers have ten days’ grace to renew their _________ (license).
licenses
licensee
licensed
licensed
licenses
license vt. 批准；许可 n. （= licence）许可证；执照
听力题
1. 【2019 高三上 福州期中】What are the speakers mainly talking about
A．Driving license.
B．Car accidents.
C．How to drive.
2．【2019 高三上 吉林期末】What happened to Susan
A．She lost her ticket.
B．She got her driving license.
C．She was fined for speeding.

session n. 一场；一段时间；会议
原句
P20 If you want to hold a koala, you have to go to certain licensed zoos where animal experts make sure that the koalas selected for each session are in a good state for human contact and that they are handled for only a limited time and on a limited frequency of occasions.
如果你想要抱一抱考拉，你必须去那些获得正式许可的动物园，在那里动物专家会确保为每场互动而选出的考拉状态良好，可以与人接触，而且只在有限的时间内，以有限的次数与人互动。
举例
【2021 新高考Ⅱ卷】There are eight spaces available for the taster session.
试听课程有八个名额。
记忆
session n. 一场；一段时间；会议
常见考点
photo / recording / training session 拍照 / 录音 / 训练时段
Two sessions 两会（全国人民代表大会和中国人民政治协商会议）
session n. 一场；一段时间；会议
翻译
【2021 新高考Ⅱ卷 阅读理解】As the summer months roll in, our Georgian country estate makes the perfect setting for an outdoor fitness session.
随着夏季的到来，我们的乔治亚乡村庄园为户外健身课程提供了完美的环境。
session n. 一场；一段时间；会议
易混词 session, conference, meeting, assembly
●session一般指议会等召开的正式会议，如:
Board members participated in a closed session. 委员会成员参加了一次闭门会议。
● conference一般指大型会议，如政府工作会议、国际学术交流会议、各国之间的协商、会谈等，如:
Representatives from over 100 countries attended the international conference in Paris. 国际大会在巴黎举行，有来自一百多个国家的代表出席。
● meeting的词义广泛。指一般性的会议，可用于任何场合。
She said that the professor was in a meeting. 她说教授正在开会。
● assembly多指一个通常有许多人参加、计划好的，为某一特殊目的而召集的会议，如：Recently named the Nation‘s Best Basketball Player, she will be honored this morning at a school assembly. 她最近被冠以“全国最佳篮球运动员”的称号，将于今天上午在学校大会上受表彰。
session n. 一场；一段时间；会议
易混词
【2021 新高考Ⅱ卷 阅读理解】 We will be holding a free taster_________ on 23rd May, at 10 am, to demonstrate the variety of effective and active exercise.
Chinese___________invites people to read poems and articles.
She traveled around to learn at different training __________…After a few years’ hard work, Liu succeeded.
【2013 和平模拟】The UN had the foresight to convene a “world_________ on ageing” back in 1982, but that came and went.
session
Conference
meeting
assembly
frequency n. 发生率；重复率；（声波或电磁波震动的）频率
原句
P20 If you want to hold a koala, you have to go to certain licensed zoos where animal experts make sure that the koalas selected for each session are in a good state for human contact and that they are handled for only a limited time and on a limited frequency of occasions.
如果你想要抱一抱考拉，你必须去那些获得正式许可的动物园，在那里动物专家会确保为每场互动而选出的考拉状态良好，可以与人接触，而且只在有限的时间内，以有限的次数与人互动。
举例
【2017 成都模拟】Apply ice for 10-15 minutes every hour, then reduce the frequency as the pain become less strong.
每小时冷敷10-15分钟的冰块，然后随着疼痛减轻，减小冷敷的频率。
记忆
frequency n. 发生率；重复率；（声波或电磁波震动的）频率
词根词缀
常见考点
with a high/low frequency 高/低频率
衍生词
frequent adj. 频繁的
frequently adv. 频繁地
易混词
fluency n. 流畅
frequency n. 发生率；重复率；（声波或电磁波震动的）频率
单选题
1. 【2018 高一上 深圳期中】The of this illness in the area is of concern to all doctors.
A．fluency
B．frequency
C．determination
D．guidance
【解析】句意：这种疾病在该地区发生的频繁引起了所有医生的关注。 A. 流畅 B. 频繁 C. 决心 D. 引导
frequency n. 发生率；重复率；（声波或电磁波震动的）频率
语法填空
My father smokes heavily. As a result, he coughs ___________.
It's not polite to interrupt a speaker with ___________ questions.
You can’t hear waves of such a high _____________.
The _____________ of Kara’s phone calls increased rapidly.
It _____________ rains during the summer in our hometown.
frequently
frequent
frequency
frequency
frequently
frequency n. 发生率；重复率；（声波或电磁波震动的）频率
【2020 高三下 聊城开学考】The sensor consists of two H-shaped crystal silicon resonators（ H型晶体硅谐振器） that shake at a certain frequency and, when pressure is applied, the frequency of one resonator increases while the other decreases. By monitoring these frequencies digitally, both differential and still pressure can be measured at the same time. The frequency output is directly read by the central processing unit of the transmitter.
翻译
该传感器由两个H型晶体硅谐振器组成，它们在一定频率下振动，当施加压力时，一个谐振器的频率增加而另一个谐振器降低。通过数字监测这些频率，可以同时测量差压和静压。频率输出由发射机的中央处理单元直接读取。
frequency n. 发生率；重复率；（声波或电磁波震动的）频率
【2022 高三下 杭州月考】Whenever a mutation was found, the researchers went on to study its frequency and effects in the laboratory. Based on the frequency of mutations in this study, it was estimated that around 200,000 people in the UK carry a substantial amount of unexpected fat because of mutations in MC4R.
翻译
无论何时发现突变，研究人员都会继续在实验室研究其频率和影响。根据这项研究中的突变频率，据估计，英国约有200，000人携带大量意外脂肪，因为MC4R突变。
violence n. 暴力；暴行
原句
P22 Violence tornado storms have been known to cause severe damage in America’s famous “Tornado Alley" area.
众所周知，暴力龙卷风会在美国著名的“龙卷风小巷”地区造成严重破坏。
举例
【2016 江苏卷】The barefoot kid who just a few years previously had been living in poverty, surrounded by criminals and violence.
几年前，这个光脚的孩子还生活在贫困中，身边充斥着罪犯和暴力。
记忆
violence n. 暴力；暴行
词根词缀
常见考点
domestic/campus violence 家庭/校园暴力
violence against sb. 对某人的暴力
do violence to sth. 破坏某物
衍生词
violently adv. 猛烈地
violate v. 违反
violent adj. 暴力的
反义词
kindness 善良
peace 和平
近义词
cruelty 残暴
violence n. 暴力；暴行
写作
【议论文—社会】我们决不能容忍对儿童的暴力行为。
【议论文—社会】我们绝对不可以破坏公共设施。
On no account can we tolerate violence against children.
On no account can we do tolerate violence to public facilities.
nest n. 巢穴；鸟窝；秘密窝点
原句
P21 While it may lay eggs in a nest like a bird, it‘s really a primitive mammal, with a unique biology.
虽然鸭嘴兽可以像鸟一样在巢中产卵，但它实际上是一种原始的哺乳动物，具有罕见的生物特性。
举例
【2017 全国卷Ⅰ】My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree.
我下一个工作是建造一个巢并把它固定在树上。
记忆
nest n. 巢穴；鸟窝；秘密窝点
常见考点
leave/fly the nest 离开家独自生活
a birds nest 鸟窝
empty nest 空巢（子女长大离家后家长独守家中）
a nest of thieves 贼窝
衍生词
nestling n. 雏鸟
nestle v. 抱；依偎；坐落
谚语
It’s an ill bird that fouls its own nest. 家丑不可外扬。
nest n. 巢穴；鸟窝；秘密窝点
写作
【议论文—社会】我认为孩子到了适当的年龄时，鼓励但不强迫他们离开家自己独立是一件好事。
leave the nest 搬出父母家
I think it is good to encourage, not force children to leave the nest
upon reaching an appropriate age.
biology n. 生理；生物学
原句
P21 While it may lay eggs in a nest like a bird, it‘s really a primitive mammal, with a unique biology.
虽然鸭嘴兽可以像鸟一样在巢中产卵，但它实际上是一种原始的哺乳动物，具有罕见的生物特性。
举例
【2015 上海 阅读理解】In biology this week, the topic is Human Body.
本周生物学的主题是人体。
记忆
biology n. 生理；生物学
词根词缀
相关词汇
physics 物理
chemistry 化学
biology 生物
geography 地理
politics 政治
history 历史
biology n. 生理；生物学
翻译
【2019陕西 阅读理解】After years of hard work, in 1996, she went to Tsinghua University to study biology.
【2015 广西 阅读理解】Students also have to learn six other subject physics, chemistry, biology, geography, politics and history.
【2019 江西南昌 阅读理解】In biology this week, students will learn about the bones in humans.
经过多年的努力，她于1996年来到清华大学学习生物学。
学生还必须学习其他六门课程：物理、化学、生物、地理、政治和历史。
在本周的生物课上，学生们将学习关于人类骨骼的知识。
hatch vi. 孵出；破壳 vt. 使孵出；策划；（尤指）密谋
原句
P21 Its eggs hatch after about ten days, and then the baby platypus nurses from its mother like all other mammals.
它的蛋大约十天后孵化出来，然后新生鸭嘴兽像其他所有哺乳动物一样由母亲哺乳。
举例
【2017 江苏卷】Some mother birds may teach their young to sing even before they hatch.
有些鸟妈妈甚至会在小鸟孵化之前就教会它们唱歌。
记忆
hatch vi. 孵出；破壳 vt. 使孵出；策划；（尤指）密谋
常见考点
hatch eggs 孵蛋
hatch vi. 孵出；破壳 vt. 使孵出；策划；（尤指）密谋
填空题
As for the chicken egg specifically , according to NPR's Robert Krulwich, the modern chicken____________(hatch 孵化) from an egg, meaning the egg came first.
was hatched
【句意】至于鸡蛋，据NPR新闻的罗伯特·克鲁维奇报道，现代鸡由一个鸡蛋孵化，意味着鸡蛋是先出现的。
capacity n. 能力；容量
原句
P21 It has a capacity to find food in the water by using electrical sensors in its bill.
它拥有一种能用嘴里的电传感器在水中找到食物的能力。
举例
【2019 广东期中】Today, China is the world’s largest automobile producer, with more than double the capacity of the United State.
如今，中国是世界上最大的汽车生产国，生产能力是美国的两倍多。
记忆
capacity n. 能力；容量
词根词缀
常见考点
have a capacity to do 有做某事的能力
intellectual capacity 智力
production capacity 生产能力；生产力
capacity for sth./ doing sth./ to do sth. 对某事/做某事的领悟（或办事）能力
衍生词
capability n. 才能；能力；性能；容量
capable adj. 有能力；有才能
记忆
capacity n. 能力；容量
近义词
space n. 空间
capability n. 能力才能
competence n. 能力；胜任
反义词
inability n. 无能；不能
incompetence n. 无能力；不胜任
谚语
Genius is an infinite capacity for taking pains.
所谓的天才是不断地承受痛苦。
capacity n. 能力；容量
易混词ability, capacity, talent, ability, inspect
●inspect 和 talent 都有“能力，才能”的意思，但 ability 为普通用词，泛指人先天的或学来的各种能力，如:
He lost the ability to walk. 失去了行走的能力。
● capacity 通常不指体力，侧重指人的潜在能力，多指才智，尤指接受与领悟能力，如:
They have capacity for developing new products. 他们有能力开发新产品。
● talent 常指人某方面具有可发展和培养的突出天赋才能，如:
He is a man of many talents. 他是个多才多艺的人。
capacity n. 能力；容量
语法填空
The airport to be completed next year will have the _________ (capable) to handle 700,000 passengers.
Limited resources are restricting our _________(capable) developing new products.
【2021 天津卷 阅读】What if we’re actually getting closer to a world where AI is capable of thinking and feeling
No one ever questioned her ___________ (capable).
【2018 广陵月考】You may rely on him in that he is _______ (capability) of calculating of the events accurately.
capacity
capacity
capability
capable
capacity n. 能力；容量
翻译
【2021 全国乙卷 阅读理解】For the biggest stadiums in the world, we have used data supplied by the World Atlas list so far, which ranks them by their stated permanent capacity, as well as updated information form official stadium websites.
对于这座世界上最大的体育场，到目前为止，我们使用的是世界地图册列表提供的数据，该列表根据各体育场公布的固定容量以及来自官方体育场网站更新的信息进行排名。
a handful of 少数人（或物）；一把（的量）
原句
P21 There are only a small handful of animals in the world that can do that.
世界上具备这一能力的动物屈指可数。
举例
He picked up a handful of dirt and threw it at them.
他抓起一把土朝他们扔过去。
记忆
a handful of 少数人（或物）；一把（的量）
易混短语
a hand of 一串； 一手
a handle of …… 的手柄；把手
public safety 公共安全
原句
P20 Because of this, the government began to make laws against touching koalas, in the interest of animal protection, as well as public safety.
因此，政府开始立法禁止触摸考拉，也是出于对保护动物和公共安全的考虑。
举例
The technology, in my opinion, could have applications in such fields as military, medicine and public safety.
在我看来，这项技术可以应用于军事、医药和公共安全等领域。
in a good state 处于良好的状态
原句
P20 If you want to hold a koala, you have to go to certain licensed zoos where animal experts make sure that the koalas selected for each session are in a good state for human contact and that they are handled for only a limited time and on a limited frequency of occasions.
如果你想要抱一抱考拉，你必须去那些获得正式许可的动物园，在那里动物专家会确保为每场互动而选出的考拉状态良好，可以与人接触，而且只在有限的时间内，以有限的次数与人互动。
举例
With interest, learning will be positive, consciousness, initiative. Then the psychology can be in a good state.
有了兴趣，学习才会有积极性、自觉性、主动性，才能使心理处于一种良好的竞技状态。
记忆
in a good state 处于良好的状态
in a good humor（humour） 心情好
in a good light 在光线好的地方；在看得清的dif
in a good manner 以礼貌的态度；以良好的方式
in a good mood 心情好
in a good place （非正式）在好的情况下
in a good position 在一个好的位置
in a good quarrel 吵得有理由
in a good shape 身体状态好
in a good temper 脾气好
in a good way 昌盛的
in a good-natured way 和气地
on good terms with 与……保持良好的关系
in a good state 处于良好的状态
单选题
【2020 高三上 哈尔滨期中】We have been ________ our neighbors for all these years, living harmoniously.
in contrast with
on good terms with
in competition with
at war with
【解析】句意：我们这些年一直与邻居保持着良好的关系，相处得很和谐。 A. 与……对比；B. 与……保持良好关系； C. 与……竞争；D. 与……交战
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