人教版（2019） 必修 第二册Unit 1 Cultural Heritage Listening and Speaking分层作业（含解析）
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Unit 1 Listening and Speaking习题检测
基础知识自测
一、用单词的适当形式完成句子
1．（2022·宁夏·平罗中学高一期中）If you want to be a volunteer for the sports event, you should write an _________(apply).
2．（2022·全国·高一课时练习）At minus 130℃, a living cell can ________ (preserve) for a thousand years.
3．（2022·浙江·高一单元测试）The manager received twenty________(apply) for the position.
4．（2022·安徽·高一单元测试）________(create) thinking is important to us.
5．（2022·江苏·高一课时练习）At that time, the problem of whether we should take part ______ the Olympic Games or not arose.
二、根据汉语意思填写单词
6．（2022·广东·饶平县第二中学高一开学考试）I saw many ________ (有创造力的) artworks in the museum.
7．（2022·广东·饶平县第二中学高一开学考试）Have you filled in the ________ (申请) form for your passport yet
8．（2022·江苏·泗阳县实验高级中学高一阶段练习）It can be a big headache to ______ (平衡)your developing mental needs too.
9．（2022·全国·高一课时练习）The historic building is as much part of our___________(遗产)as the paintings.
10．（2021·山东枣庄·高一阶段练习）As a new teacher, Susan tried to ________(促进) good feelings between students and her.
学科素养提升
三、阅读理解
A
（2022·全国·高一阶段练习）Recently, my friends Hazel Markus and Alana Conner published a book on culture. It isn’t a book on exploring cultures or talking about why you should always accept a business card from a Japanese businessman with two hands and admire it. Instead, Clash talks about eight cultural conflicts and frames those conflicts as paths to self-knowledge. In other words, it describes the self, and our individual cultures, as relative. This self-insight can help you better navigate our increasingly global world.
For example, one distinction discussed by Markus and Conner is the distinction between Americans from different parts of the United States. People from different states have different expectations and assumptions about how things should be done, and even what things should be called. Often, it is only when a person comes up against another way of doing things that these assumptions become apparent. I attended Carleton College, a liberal arts college in Minnesota. Within my first two days of being there, I realized that I possessed an assumption about rain. Coming from California, I expected that it didn’t rain in summer and that when it did rain, it would rain all day. When I woke up on September 2, to a downpour that lasted 20 minutes, that assumption was revealed to be false.
There was a particularly colorful discussion in my dorm about the game “duck, duck, goose” vs “duck, duck, gray duck”. The point is, only by coming into contact and comparing my assumptions to others did I realize that my assumptions were just that—my view of how things should be and not necessarily the truth.
Why is it important to understand your cultural background beyond your race and ethnicity(种族特点) Because if you understand yourself, you are better prepared to recognize and embrace alternatives. For instance, a research by William Maddux has shown that people who have significant multicultural experiences are more creative. Also, if you understand where you come from, you may be more understanding of conflicts that are arising, and be able to address those conflicts in cooperative ways.
11．What may change our assumptions according to the author
A．Staying in an unfamiliar city.
B．Seeing things done in a different way.
C．Meeting someone from a different state.
D．Coming into conflict with those from another culture.
12．What can we know about the summer weather in Minnesota
A．It stays sunny all along. B．It never rains but it pours.
C．It often rains continuously. D．The rain sometimes stops unexpectedly.
13．Why does the author mention William Maddux in the last paragraph
A．To support an argument. B．To provide a background.
C．To contradict a theory. D．To give detailed information.
14．What may be the author’s purpose of writing the text
A．To share an experience. B．To define a concept.
C．To put forward a theory. D．To introduce a book.
B
（2022·山西·高一期中）The cultures of the East and the West are really different from each other a lot. This is because the culture systems are two separate ones on the whole.
The origin (起源) of the Eastern culture is mainly from two countries: China and India. Both of the two cultures are developed by rivers-the Yellow River in China and the Hindu River in India. They helped the two cultures develop for centuries and form their own styles.
When the two mother rivers gave birth to the Eastern culture, another famous culture was up on the Mesopotamian Plain—the Mesopotamian Civilization. This civilization later on developed into the cultures of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. And these two are well known as the base of the European culture. Like the Chinese culture, the European culture also crossed waters. When the British settled down in America, their culture went with the mover the Atlantic Ocean. So the American culture doesn’t have much difference from the European culture.
At the same time, some other differences add to the cultural differences. Take the language system for example. In the East, most languages belong to the pictographic (象形文字的) language while the Western languages are mostly based on the Latin system. Other causes like human race differences count as well. But what’s more, due to the far distance and the steep areas between the East and the west, the two cultures seldom communicated until recent centuries. So they grew up totally in their own ways with almost no interference (干预) from the other.
The differences are everywhere. They are obvious and make people’s ways of thinking and their views of the world different. But different cultures make the world of 21st century more colorful. The cultural difference should not be the obstacle (障碍) to the civilization of human being. It ought to be the driving force of our going farther.
15．What does the underlined word “civilization” mean in paragraph 3
A．A particular ability or type of ability.
B．A society with its culture and its way of life.
C．The process of teaching, training and learning.
D．The art of planning, designing, and constructing buildings.
16．Why did the two cultures seldom communicate until recent centuries
A．People ate different kinds of food.
B．There were two language systems.
C．The East and the West are too far away.
D．People’s habits and traditions are not similar.
17．What is the.last paragraph mainly about
A．Benefits of cultural differences.
B．Disadvantages of cultural differences.
C．Driving force of people’s going farther.
D．Waves to make the world more colorful.
18．What can be the best title for the text
A．What causes different life between East and West
B．What causes diet differences between East and West
C．What causes different views between East and West
D．What causes cultural differences between East and West
四、完形填空
（2022·江苏·南京市第一中学高一期中）The British love to think of themselves as polite, and everyone knows how fond they are of their “pleases” and “thank you”. Even the simplest business such as buying a train ticket requires ____19____ seven or eight of these. Another ____20____ of our good manners is the queue. New-comers to Britain could be ____21____ for thinking that queuing rather than football was the ____22____ national sport. Finally, of course, motorists generally stop at crossings. But does all this mean that the British should consider themselves more ____23____ than their European neighbours I think not.
Take forms of address(称呼) for example. The average English person -- ____24____ he happens to work in a hotel or department store--would rather die than call a stranger “Sir” or “Madam”. ____25____ in some European countries this is the most basic of common address. Our universal “you” ____26____ everyone may appear more democratic, but it means that we are forced to seek out complicated ways to express ____27____. I am all for _____28_____ to the use of “thee” and “thou” (Thee and thou are old-fashioned poetic words for “you”); “you” would be reserved for strangers and professional relationships.
And of course, the English find touching and other shows of friendship truly _____29_____. Have you noticed how the British _____30_____ ever touch Personally, I find the Latin habit of shaking hands or a friendly kiss quite charming. _____31_____ kissing the average English person, and they will either take two steps backwards in horror, or, if their _____32_____ is blocked you will find your lips touching the back of their head. Now what could be _____33_____ than that
19．A．at least B．at most C．less than D．not more than
20．A．signal B．scene C．sign D．sight
21．A．forgiven B．alarmed C．calmed D．comforted
22．A．true B．tough C．superior D．advanced
23．A．potential B．social C．polite D．well-meaning
24．A．if B．whether C．when D．unless
25．A．Yet B．So C．Thus D．Also
26．A．from B．for C．by D．on
27．A．politeness B．gratitude C．concern D．consideration
28．A．responding B．returning C．escaping D．contributing
29．A．passive B．flexible C．terrifying D．generous
30．A．highly B．mostly C．hardly D．nearly
31．A．Risk B．Stop C．Keep D．Try
32．A．contact B．response C．target D．escape
33．A．better B．ruder C．more polite D．more frightening
五、用单词的适当形式完成短文
（2022·广东深圳·高一阶段练习）阅读下而短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
With the Chinese serial TV drama A Dream of Splendor becoming a hit, the art of chabaixi, ____34____ uses tea to make patterns on water, has become known to more people.
The history of the tea art dates back to the Tang Dynasty. It gained ____35____ (popular) during the Song Dynasty. An artist pours tea leaves or tea cake ____36____ boiling water and stirs(搅拌), and then draws using the resulting white foam(泡沫).
Zhang Zhifeng, an artist of this ____37____ (culture) heritage(遗产)in Fujian, has spent years on the ancient art. While he was a college student, Zhang learned about chabaixi through reading and ____38____ (attract) by it. Once employed in the tea industry at Wuyi Mountain in Fujian, Zhang spent many years ____39____ (bring) the tea art back to ____40____public.
“This art also opens a door for us ____41____ (learn) more about Song culture,” he said.
Zhang said the stirring process is like grinding, and making patterns is like drawing. In the past, the most ____42____ (common) used tea in chabaixi was green tea. Zhang also uses oolong tea and black tea for his creations. ____43____ (devote) to the research, creation and spread of chabaixi, Zhang has trained several hundred students at colleges.
参考答案：
1．application
【详解】考查名词。句意：如果你想成为体育赛事的志愿者，你应该写一份申请书。分析句子可知，此空应填名词，再根据语意和所给词可知，应填application，表“申请书”，在本句中作宾语。故填application。
2．be preserved
【详解】考查被动语态。句意：在零下130℃，一个活细胞可以保持一千年的时间。情态动词can后接动词原形，主语（a living cell ）和谓语动词preserve之间为被动关系，则can后面应为“be done”的形式。故填be preserved。
3．applications
【详解】考查名词。句意：经理收到了20份申请这个职位的申请书。设空处在句中做宾语，应用名词；结合句意及提示词可知，此处表示“申请表”，应用application，又有twenty修饰，需用复数形式。故填applications。
4．Creative
【详解】考查形容词。句意：创造性思维对我们很重要。设空在句中作定语，故用形容词creative“有创造力的”，creative thinking“创造性思维”，单词位于句首，首字母大写，故填Creative。
5．in
【详解】考查介词。句意：当时，我们是否应该参加奥运会的问题出现了。结合句意表达“参与……”应用take part in。故填in。
6．creative
【详解】考查形容词。句意：我在博物馆里看到了许多有创意的艺术品。分析句子结构可知，空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词修饰名词，再根据所给中文提示词，应填creative意为“有创造力的”。故填creative。
7．application
【详解】考查名词作定语。句意：你填好护照申请表了吗 根据句意及汉语提示，可知为application；设空处后为名词，application form(申请表，申请书)，可知，设空处应用名词的形式作定语，作定语用名词单数，故填application。
8．balance
【详解】考查动词。句意：平衡你不断发展的心理需求也是件令人头疼的事情。根据词义提示和对句意的分析可知，此处使用动词balance，it为形式主语，代替动词不定式，故填balance。
9．heritage
【详解】考查名词。句意：这座历史建筑和这些画作一样，都是我们遗产的一部分。根据汉语提示可知应填名词heritage，作宾语。故填heritage。
10．promote
【详解】考查动词。句意：作为一位新老师，Susan努力提升学生和她之间的关系。根据汉语提示“促进”可知应填动词promote，且上文为短语try to do sth.。故填promote。
11．B 12．D 13．A 14．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作者的朋友刚出版了一本有关文化的书。书中陈述了一个观点：文化冲突是我们拥有自知之明的途径。人的自我认知与群体文化相互关联，我们只有首先弄清自我，才能更好地融入世界。
【详解】1.推理判断题。根据第二段中“Often, it is only when a person comes up against another way of doing things that these assumptions become apparent. I attended Carleton College, a liberal arts college in Minnesota. Within my first two days of being there, I realized that I possessed an assumption about rain. Coming from California, I expected that it didn’t rain in summer and that when it did rain, it would rain all day. When I woke up on September 2, to a downpour that lasted 20 minutes, that assumption was revealed to be false.(通常，只有当一个人遇到另一种做事方式时，这些假设才会变得明显。我就读于卡尔顿学院，这是明尼苏达州的一所文理学院。在我到那里的头两天，我意识到我对下雨有一个假设。从加利福尼亚来，我以为夏天不会下雨，下雨就会下一整天。9月2日，当我醒来时意识到大雨持续了20分钟，这个假设被证明是错误的。)”可知，作者认为，只有当我们遇到与自己不同的做事方式时，我们才会意识到区别，从而改变自己对事物的“臆断”。故选B。
2.推理判断题。根据第二段中“Coming from California, I expected that it didn’t rain in summer and that when it did rain, it would rain all day. When I woke up on September 2, to a downpour that lasted 20 minutes, that assumption was revealed to be false.(从加利福尼亚来，我以为夏天不会下雨，下雨就会下一整天。9月2日，当我醒来时意识到大雨持续了20分钟，这个假设被证明是错误的。)”可知，明尼苏达州与作者的家乡加利福尼亚州不同，这里气候变化无常，顷刻间就会有暴雨倾盆，也会很快停下。故选D。
3.推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“Why is it important to understand your cultural background beyond your race and ethnicity(种族特点) Because if you understand yourself, you are better prepared to recognize and embrace alternatives. For instance, a research by William Maddux has shown that people who have significant multicultural experiences are more creative. Also, if you understand where you come from, you may be more understanding of conflicts that are arising, and be able to address those conflicts in cooperative ways.(为什么了解你的种族和民族之外的文化背景很重要 因为如果你了解自己，你就能更好地认识和接受其他选择。例如，William Maddux的一项研究表明，拥有丰富多元文化经历的人更有创造力。此外，如果你了解自己来自哪里，你可能会更了解正在发生的冲突，并能够以合作的方式解决这些冲突。)”可知，作者提到了William Maddux的研究成果，主要是为了论证前面提到的Because if you understand yourself, you are better prepared to recognize and embrace alternatives. (因为你了解自己，你就能更容易识别和接受不同于自己的改变) 这一论点。故选A。
4.推理判断题。根据第一段的“Recently, my friends Hazel Markus and Alana Conner published a book on culture. It isn’t a book on exploring cultures or talking about why you should always accept a business card from a Japanese businessman with two hands and admire it.(最近，我的朋友Hazel Markus和Alana Conner出版了一本关于文化的书。这不是一本探索文化的书，也不是一本谈论为什么你应该总是用双手接受日本商人的名片并赞赏它的书。)”和“ In other words, it describes the self, and our individual cultures, as relative. This self-insight can help you better navigate our increasingly global world.(换句话说，它把自我和我们的个人文化描述为相对的。这种自我洞察可以帮助你更好地驾驭我们这个日益全球化的世界。)”以及下文内容可知，作者写本文的目的主要是为了向读者介绍自己的两位朋友写的这本书。故选D。
15．B 16．C 17．A 18．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章分析了东西方文化的不同是因为文化系统在整体上是两个独立的系统。东方文化源自于中国和印度，而西方文化源自于古希腊罗马。语言等也造就了文化差异。
15．词句猜测题。根据指代关系和第三段“When the two mother rivers gave birth to the Eastern culture, another famous culture was up on the Mesopotamian Plain — the Mesopotamian Civilization. This civilization later on developed into the cultures of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome.(在这两条母亲河孕育东方文化的同时，另一种著名的文化也在两河平原上兴起——两河文明。这种civilization后来发展成为古希腊和古罗马文化)”中“This”可知，“This civilization”即上文所述在两河平原上兴起的两河文明。结合常识可知，两河文明是两河流域孕育的人类文明，即一个有自己文化和生活方式的社会。故选B项。
16．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“But what’s more, due to the far distance and the steep areas between the East and the west, the two cultures seldom communicated until recent centuries.(但更重要的是，由于东西方之间的距离遥远和陡峭的地区，两种文化直到最近几个世纪才有很少的交流)”可知，因为东方和西方太远了，所以直到最近几个世纪才有很少的交流。故选C项。
17．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“The differences are everywhere. They are obvious and make people’s ways of thinking and their views of the world different. But different cultures make the world of 21st century more colorful. The cultural difference should not be the obstacle to the civilization of human being. It ought to be the driving force of our going farther.(差异无处不在。它们是显而易见的，并使人们的思维方式和他们对世界的看法不同。但是不同的文化使21世纪的世界更加丰富多彩。文化差异不应成为人类文明的障碍。它应该成为我们走得更远的动力)”可知，最后一段主要讲文化差异的好处。故选A项。
18．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“The cultures of the East and the West are really different from each other a lot. This is because the culture systems are two separate ones on the whole.(东方和西方的文化真的有很大的不同。这是因为文化系统在整体上是两个独立的系统)”以及倒数第二段中“At the same time, some other differences add to the cultural differences.(与此同时，一些其他的差异增加了文化差异)”可知，本文主要讲是什么导致了东方和西方的文化有不同，所以D项“What causes cultural differences between East and West(是什么导致了东西方的文化差异)”是本文最好的标题。故选D项。
19．A 20．C 21．A 22．D 23．C 24．D 25．A 26．B 27．A 28．B 29．C 30．C 31．D 32．D 33．B
【导语】本文是夹叙夹议文。作者通过描述英国人的日常行为，反应出英国人自认为是礼貌的这件事是不符合事实的，作者认为他们的行为是很粗鲁的，不礼貌的。
19．考查短语辨析。句意：即使是最简单的业务，比如买火车票，也至少需要七到八次说这样的礼貌用语。A. at least至少；B. at most最多； C. less than比…少；D. not more than没有...多。根据上文“The British love to think of themselves as polite, and everyone knows how fond they are of their “pleases” and “thank you”.”可知，英国人在生活中很喜欢用礼貌用语，所以即使是买火车票这样简单的事情，也至少需要七到八次说这样的礼貌用语。故选A。
20．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们礼貌的另一个标志是排队。A. signal信号；B. scene场景；C. sign标志，符合；D. sight视线，风景。根据下文“of our good manners is the queue”可知，这里指他们英国人体现礼貌的另一个标志是在排队的时候体现出来的。故选C。
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：新来英国的人认为排队而不是足球是先进的国家运动，这是情有可原的。A. forgiven原谅；B. alarmed警报；C. calmed冷静；D. comforted安慰。根据上文“New-comers to Britain”可知，这是对新来英国的人的态度，所以他们即使有错误的认识是可以被原谅的。故选A。
22．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：见第3题详解。A. true真的；B. tough艰难的；C. superior高级的；D. advanced先进的。根据上文“football”可知，足球在英国应该是被认为是发展比较先进的国家运动项目。故选D。
23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但这一切是否意味着英国人应该认为自己比欧洲邻国更有礼貌？A. potential有潜力的；B. social社会的；C. polite有礼貌的；D. well-meaning善意的。根据上文“The British love to think of themselves as polite, and everyone knows how fond they are of their “pleases” and “thank you”.”可知，这里说的是英国人的礼貌问题。故选C。
24．考查连词词义辨析。句意：一般的英国人——除非碰巧在酒店或百货公司工作——宁愿死也不愿叫陌生人“先生”或“女士”。A. if如果；B. whether是否；C. when当…时候；D. unless除非。根据上文“The average English person”可知，这里提到的不是一般的英国人，而是在服务行业工作的英国人。本句为unless引导的条件状语从句。故选D。
25．考查连词词义辨析。句意：然而，在一些欧洲国家，这是最基本的通用称呼。A. Yet然而；B. So因此；C. Thus因此；D. Also也。根据上文“The average English person -- 6 he happens to work in a hotel or department store--would rather die than call a stranger “Sir” or “Madam”.”和下文“in some European countries this is the most basic of common address.”可知，上下文是转折的关系。故选A。
26．考查介词词义辨析。句意：我们对每个人的普遍称呼“你”可能看起来更平等，但这意味着我们不得不寻找复杂的方式来表达礼貌。A. from从；B. for为了；C. by通过；D. on在…上面。根据下文“everyone”可知，“you”是对每个人的称呼。故选B。
27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：见第8题详解。A. politeness礼貌；B. gratitude感激；C. concern关心；D. consideration考虑。根据上文“seek out complicated ways to express”可知，这里指要寻找复杂的方式来表达礼貌。故选A。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我完全赞成重新使用“thee”和“thou”（“thee”和“thou”是“you”的老式诗词）；“you”将只适用于陌生人和职业关系。A. responding回应；B. returning回归；C. escaping逃跑；D. contributing贡献。根据下文“the use of “thee” and “thou” (Thee and thou are old-fashioned poetic words for “you”)”可知，作者建议回到以前对“你”的称呼的使用。故选B。
29．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当然，英国人觉得感人的友谊和其他友谊的表现真的很可怕。A. passive被动的；B. flexible灵活的；C. terrifying令人害怕的；D. generous慷慨的。根据下文“ 13 kissing the average English person, and they will either take two steps backwards in horror”可知，英国人觉得感人的友谊和其他友谊的表现真的很可怕。故选C。
30．考查副词词义辨析。句意：你注意到英国人几乎从不接触吗？A. highly高地；B. mostly大部分；C. hardly几乎不；D. nearly几乎。根据下文“ 13 kissing the average English person, and they will either take two steps backwards in horror”可知，英国人不喜欢过于亲密的接触。故选C。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：试着亲吻普通的英国人，他们会吓得后退两步，或者，如果他们的逃跑被阻止，你会发现你的嘴唇碰到了他们的后脑勺。A. Risk冒险；B. Stop停止；C. Keep保持；D. Try尝试。根据下文“kissing the average English person”可知，这里是作者建议人们是试一下亲吻普通的英国人，然后可以看看他们的反应。故选D。
32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：见第13题详解。A. contact联系；B. response回应；C. target目标；D. escape逃跑。根据下文“you will find your lips touching the back of their head”可知，当你去亲吻英国人的时候，你却吻到了他们的后脑勺，说明他们是想逃跑，不想让你亲吻。故选D。
33．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在，还有什么比这更粗鲁的了吗？A. better更好的；B. ruder更粗鲁的；C. more polite更有礼貌的；D. more frightening更令人害怕的。根据上文“But does all this mean that the British should consider themselves more 5 than their European neighbours I think not.”和“ 13 kissing the average English person, and they will either take two steps backwards in horror, or, if their 14 is blocked you will find your lips touching the back of their head.”可知，作者并不认为英国人是礼貌的，反而认为他们的行为是很粗鲁的，不礼貌的。故选B。
34．which 35．popularity 36．into 37．cultural 38．was attracted 39．bringing 40．the 41．to learn 42．commonly 43．Devoted
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了茶百戏这一艺术和艺术家章志峰对这种艺术的传承与发展。
34．考查定语从句。句意：随着中国电视剧《荣梦》的热播，茶百戏艺术——用茶在水上做图案——也被越来越多的人所熟知。根据句意分析句子可知，空格后的部分是一个非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，所以空格处应该填入一个关系代词，代替先行词the art of chabaixi在从句中作主语。故填which。
35．考查名词。句意：它在宋代开始流行。根据句意和空格前的动词gain和所给形容词popular可知，空格处应该填入popular的名词形式popularity作动词gain的宾语，且popularity为不可数名词。故填popularity。
36．考查介词。句意：艺术家将茶叶或茶饼倒入沸水中搅拌，然后用产生的白色泡沫作画。根据句意和句中的动词pour可知，空格处应该填入介词into和动词pour搭配pour...into...(把……倒入……）。故填into。
37．考查形容词。句意：这一文化遗产的艺术家——福建的章志峰——花了多年的时间研究这一古老的艺术。根据句意和空格后的名词heritage以及所给名词culture可知，空格处应该填入culture的形容词形cultural式作定语，修饰名词heritage。故填cultural。
38．考查时态和语态。句意：当他还是一名大学生时，他通过阅读了解了茶白戏，并被它所吸引。根据句意和空格前的连词and可知，空格处应该填入和learned并列的谓语动词，所以空格处应该用过去时，因为主语Zhang和动词attract之间是被动关系，所以应该用被动语态，主语是单数。故填was attracted.
39．考查固定搭配。句意：章曾在福建武夷山的茶业工作，他花了多年时间将茶艺带回公众中。根据句意和句中的动词spent以及所给动词bring可知，该题是考查固定搭配spend time (in) doing something“花费时间做某事”。故填bringing。
40．考查冠词。句意：章曾在福建武夷山的茶业工作，他花了多年时间将茶艺带回公众中。根据句意和空格后的public可知，该题是考查固定短语the public(平民；百姓；民众)。故填the。
41．考查不定式。句意：这种艺术也为我们更多地了解宋朝文化打开了一扇门。根据句意和空格前的for us可知，此处应该用不定式复合结构for somebody to do something，其中不定式作宾语补足语。故填to learn。
42．考查副词。句意：过去，茶百戏最常用的茶是绿茶。根据句意和空格后的过去分词used以及所给形容词common可知，空格处应该填入common的副词形式commonly，修饰过去分词used。故填commonly。
43．考查过去分词。句意：致力于茶白戏的研究、创作和传播，章已经在大学里培训了几百名学生。根据句意分析句子可知，空格处只能填入动词devote的非谓语形式作状语，“致力于……”的表达方式是devote oneself to或be devoted to，所以动词devote和句子的主语Zhang之间是被动关系，所以应该用过去分词作状语，单词位于句首，首字母大写。故填Devoted。
基础知识自测
一、用单词的适当形式完成句子
1．（2022·宁夏·平罗中学高一期中）If you want to be a volunteer for the sports event, you should write an _________(apply).
2．（2022·全国·高一课时练习）At minus 130℃, a living cell can ________ (preserve) for a thousand years.
3．（2022·浙江·高一单元测试）The manager received twenty________(apply) for the position.
4．（2022·安徽·高一单元测试）________(create) thinking is important to us.
5．（2022·江苏·高一课时练习）At that time, the problem of whether we should take part ______ the Olympic Games or not arose.
二、根据汉语意思填写单词
6．（2022·广东·饶平县第二中学高一开学考试）I saw many ________ (有创造力的) artworks in the museum.
7．（2022·广东·饶平县第二中学高一开学考试）Have you filled in the ________ (申请) form for your passport yet
8．（2022·江苏·泗阳县实验高级中学高一阶段练习）It can be a big headache to ______ (平衡)your developing mental needs too.
9．（2022·全国·高一课时练习）The historic building is as much part of our___________(遗产)as the paintings.
10．（2021·山东枣庄·高一阶段练习）As a new teacher, Susan tried to ________(促进) good feelings between students and her.
学科素养提升
三、阅读理解
A
（2022·全国·高一阶段练习）Recently, my friends Hazel Markus and Alana Conner published a book on culture. It isn’t a book on exploring cultures or talking about why you should always accept a business card from a Japanese businessman with two hands and admire it. Instead, Clash talks about eight cultural conflicts and frames those conflicts as paths to self-knowledge. In other words, it describes the self, and our individual cultures, as relative. This self-insight can help you better navigate our increasingly global world.
For example, one distinction discussed by Markus and Conner is the distinction between Americans from different parts of the United States. People from different states have different expectations and assumptions about how things should be done, and even what things should be called. Often, it is only when a person comes up against another way of doing things that these assumptions become apparent. I attended Carleton College, a liberal arts college in Minnesota. Within my first two days of being there, I realized that I possessed an assumption about rain. Coming from California, I expected that it didn’t rain in summer and that when it did rain, it would rain all day. When I woke up on September 2, to a downpour that lasted 20 minutes, that assumption was revealed to be false.
There was a particularly colorful discussion in my dorm about the game “duck, duck, goose” vs “duck, duck, gray duck”. The point is, only by coming into contact and comparing my assumptions to others did I realize that my assumptions were just that—my view of how things should be and not necessarily the truth.
Why is it important to understand your cultural background beyond your race and ethnicity(种族特点) Because if you understand yourself, you are better prepared to recognize and embrace alternatives. For instance, a research by William Maddux has shown that people who have significant multicultural experiences are more creative. Also, if you understand where you come from, you may be more understanding of conflicts that are arising, and be able to address those conflicts in cooperative ways.
11．What may change our assumptions according to the author
A．Staying in an unfamiliar city.
B．Seeing things done in a different way.
C．Meeting someone from a different state.
D．Coming into conflict with those from another culture.
12．What can we know about the summer weather in Minnesota
A．It stays sunny all along. B．It never rains but it pours.
C．It often rains continuously. D．The rain sometimes stops unexpectedly.
13．Why does the author mention William Maddux in the last paragraph
A．To support an argument. B．To provide a background.
C．To contradict a theory. D．To give detailed information.
14．What may be the author’s purpose of writing the text
A．To share an experience. B．To define a concept.
C．To put forward a theory. D．To introduce a book.
B
（2022·山西·高一期中）The cultures of the East and the West are really different from each other a lot. This is because the culture systems are two separate ones on the whole.
The origin (起源) of the Eastern culture is mainly from two countries: China and India. Both of the two cultures are developed by rivers-the Yellow River in China and the Hindu River in India. They helped the two cultures develop for centuries and form their own styles.
When the two mother rivers gave birth to the Eastern culture, another famous culture was up on the Mesopotamian Plain—the Mesopotamian Civilization. This civilization later on developed into the cultures of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. And these two are well known as the base of the European culture. Like the Chinese culture, the European culture also crossed waters. When the British settled down in America, their culture went with the mover the Atlantic Ocean. So the American culture doesn’t have much difference from the European culture.
At the same time, some other differences add to the cultural differences. Take the language system for example. In the East, most languages belong to the pictographic (象形文字的) language while the Western languages are mostly based on the Latin system. Other causes like human race differences count as well. But what’s more, due to the far distance and the steep areas between the East and the west, the two cultures seldom communicated until recent centuries. So they grew up totally in their own ways with almost no interference (干预) from the other.
The differences are everywhere. They are obvious and make people’s ways of thinking and their views of the world different. But different cultures make the world of 21st century more colorful. The cultural difference should not be the obstacle (障碍) to the civilization of human being. It ought to be the driving force of our going farther.
15．What does the underlined word “civilization” mean in paragraph 3
A．A particular ability or type of ability.
B．A society with its culture and its way of life.
C．The process of teaching, training and learning.
D．The art of planning, designing, and constructing buildings.
16．Why did the two cultures seldom communicate until recent centuries
A．People ate different kinds of food.
B．There were two language systems.
C．The East and the West are too far away.
D．People’s habits and traditions are not similar.
17．What is the.last paragraph mainly about
A．Benefits of cultural differences.
B．Disadvantages of cultural differences.
C．Driving force of people’s going farther.
D．Waves to make the world more colorful.
18．What can be the best title for the text
A．What causes different life between East and West
B．What causes diet differences between East and West
C．What causes different views between East and West
D．What causes cultural differences between East and West
四、完形填空
（2022·江苏·南京市第一中学高一期中）The British love to think of themselves as polite, and everyone knows how fond they are of their “pleases” and “thank you”. Even the simplest business such as buying a train ticket requires ____19____ seven or eight of these. Another ____20____ of our good manners is the queue. New-comers to Britain could be ____21____ for thinking that queuing rather than football was the ____22____ national sport. Finally, of course, motorists generally stop at crossings. But does all this mean that the British should consider themselves more ____23____ than their European neighbours I think not.
Take forms of address(称呼) for example. The average English person -- ____24____ he happens to work in a hotel or department store--would rather die than call a stranger “Sir” or “Madam”. ____25____ in some European countries this is the most basic of common address. Our universal “you” ____26____ everyone may appear more democratic, but it means that we are forced to seek out complicated ways to express ____27____. I am all for _____28_____ to the use of “thee” and “thou” (Thee and thou are old-fashioned poetic words for “you”); “you” would be reserved for strangers and professional relationships.
And of course, the English find touching and other shows of friendship truly _____29_____. Have you noticed how the British _____30_____ ever touch Personally, I find the Latin habit of shaking hands or a friendly kiss quite charming. _____31_____ kissing the average English person, and they will either take two steps backwards in horror, or, if their _____32_____ is blocked you will find your lips touching the back of their head. Now what could be _____33_____ than that
19．A．at least B．at most C．less than D．not more than
20．A．signal B．scene C．sign D．sight
21．A．forgiven B．alarmed C．calmed D．comforted
22．A．true B．tough C．superior D．advanced
23．A．potential B．social C．polite D．well-meaning
24．A．if B．whether C．when D．unless
25．A．Yet B．So C．Thus D．Also
26．A．from B．for C．by D．on
27．A．politeness B．gratitude C．concern D．consideration
28．A．responding B．returning C．escaping D．contributing
29．A．passive B．flexible C．terrifying D．generous
30．A．highly B．mostly C．hardly D．nearly
31．A．Risk B．Stop C．Keep D．Try
32．A．contact B．response C．target D．escape
33．A．better B．ruder C．more polite D．more frightening
五、用单词的适当形式完成短文
（2022·广东深圳·高一阶段练习）阅读下而短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
With the Chinese serial TV drama A Dream of Splendor becoming a hit, the art of chabaixi, ____34____ uses tea to make patterns on water, has become known to more people.
The history of the tea art dates back to the Tang Dynasty. It gained ____35____ (popular) during the Song Dynasty. An artist pours tea leaves or tea cake ____36____ boiling water and stirs(搅拌), and then draws using the resulting white foam(泡沫).
Zhang Zhifeng, an artist of this ____37____ (culture) heritage(遗产)in Fujian, has spent years on the ancient art. While he was a college student, Zhang learned about chabaixi through reading and ____38____ (attract) by it. Once employed in the tea industry at Wuyi Mountain in Fujian, Zhang spent many years ____39____ (bring) the tea art back to ____40____public.
“This art also opens a door for us ____41____ (learn) more about Song culture,” he said.
Zhang said the stirring process is like grinding, and making patterns is like drawing. In the past, the most ____42____ (common) used tea in chabaixi was green tea. Zhang also uses oolong tea and black tea for his creations. ____43____ (devote) to the research, creation and spread of chabaixi, Zhang has trained several hundred students at colleges.
参考答案：
1．application
【详解】考查名词。句意：如果你想成为体育赛事的志愿者，你应该写一份申请书。分析句子可知，此空应填名词，再根据语意和所给词可知，应填application，表“申请书”，在本句中作宾语。故填application。
2．be preserved
【详解】考查被动语态。句意：在零下130℃，一个活细胞可以保持一千年的时间。情态动词can后接动词原形，主语（a living cell ）和谓语动词preserve之间为被动关系，则can后面应为“be done”的形式。故填be preserved。
3．applications
【详解】考查名词。句意：经理收到了20份申请这个职位的申请书。设空处在句中做宾语，应用名词；结合句意及提示词可知，此处表示“申请表”，应用application，又有twenty修饰，需用复数形式。故填applications。
4．Creative
【详解】考查形容词。句意：创造性思维对我们很重要。设空在句中作定语，故用形容词creative“有创造力的”，creative thinking“创造性思维”，单词位于句首，首字母大写，故填Creative。
5．in
【详解】考查介词。句意：当时，我们是否应该参加奥运会的问题出现了。结合句意表达“参与……”应用take part in。故填in。
6．creative
【详解】考查形容词。句意：我在博物馆里看到了许多有创意的艺术品。分析句子结构可知，空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词修饰名词，再根据所给中文提示词，应填creative意为“有创造力的”。故填creative。
7．application
【详解】考查名词作定语。句意：你填好护照申请表了吗 根据句意及汉语提示，可知为application；设空处后为名词，application form(申请表，申请书)，可知，设空处应用名词的形式作定语，作定语用名词单数，故填application。
8．balance
【详解】考查动词。句意：平衡你不断发展的心理需求也是件令人头疼的事情。根据词义提示和对句意的分析可知，此处使用动词balance，it为形式主语，代替动词不定式，故填balance。
9．heritage
【详解】考查名词。句意：这座历史建筑和这些画作一样，都是我们遗产的一部分。根据汉语提示可知应填名词heritage，作宾语。故填heritage。
10．promote
【详解】考查动词。句意：作为一位新老师，Susan努力提升学生和她之间的关系。根据汉语提示“促进”可知应填动词promote，且上文为短语try to do sth.。故填promote。
11．B 12．D 13．A 14．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作者的朋友刚出版了一本有关文化的书。书中陈述了一个观点：文化冲突是我们拥有自知之明的途径。人的自我认知与群体文化相互关联，我们只有首先弄清自我，才能更好地融入世界。
【详解】1.推理判断题。根据第二段中“Often, it is only when a person comes up against another way of doing things that these assumptions become apparent. I attended Carleton College, a liberal arts college in Minnesota. Within my first two days of being there, I realized that I possessed an assumption about rain. Coming from California, I expected that it didn’t rain in summer and that when it did rain, it would rain all day. When I woke up on September 2, to a downpour that lasted 20 minutes, that assumption was revealed to be false.(通常，只有当一个人遇到另一种做事方式时，这些假设才会变得明显。我就读于卡尔顿学院，这是明尼苏达州的一所文理学院。在我到那里的头两天，我意识到我对下雨有一个假设。从加利福尼亚来，我以为夏天不会下雨，下雨就会下一整天。9月2日，当我醒来时意识到大雨持续了20分钟，这个假设被证明是错误的。)”可知，作者认为，只有当我们遇到与自己不同的做事方式时，我们才会意识到区别，从而改变自己对事物的“臆断”。故选B。
2.推理判断题。根据第二段中“Coming from California, I expected that it didn’t rain in summer and that when it did rain, it would rain all day. When I woke up on September 2, to a downpour that lasted 20 minutes, that assumption was revealed to be false.(从加利福尼亚来，我以为夏天不会下雨，下雨就会下一整天。9月2日，当我醒来时意识到大雨持续了20分钟，这个假设被证明是错误的。)”可知，明尼苏达州与作者的家乡加利福尼亚州不同，这里气候变化无常，顷刻间就会有暴雨倾盆，也会很快停下。故选D。
3.推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“Why is it important to understand your cultural background beyond your race and ethnicity(种族特点) Because if you understand yourself, you are better prepared to recognize and embrace alternatives. For instance, a research by William Maddux has shown that people who have significant multicultural experiences are more creative. Also, if you understand where you come from, you may be more understanding of conflicts that are arising, and be able to address those conflicts in cooperative ways.(为什么了解你的种族和民族之外的文化背景很重要 因为如果你了解自己，你就能更好地认识和接受其他选择。例如，William Maddux的一项研究表明，拥有丰富多元文化经历的人更有创造力。此外，如果你了解自己来自哪里，你可能会更了解正在发生的冲突，并能够以合作的方式解决这些冲突。)”可知，作者提到了William Maddux的研究成果，主要是为了论证前面提到的Because if you understand yourself, you are better prepared to recognize and embrace alternatives. (因为你了解自己，你就能更容易识别和接受不同于自己的改变) 这一论点。故选A。
4.推理判断题。根据第一段的“Recently, my friends Hazel Markus and Alana Conner published a book on culture. It isn’t a book on exploring cultures or talking about why you should always accept a business card from a Japanese businessman with two hands and admire it.(最近，我的朋友Hazel Markus和Alana Conner出版了一本关于文化的书。这不是一本探索文化的书，也不是一本谈论为什么你应该总是用双手接受日本商人的名片并赞赏它的书。)”和“ In other words, it describes the self, and our individual cultures, as relative. This self-insight can help you better navigate our increasingly global world.(换句话说，它把自我和我们的个人文化描述为相对的。这种自我洞察可以帮助你更好地驾驭我们这个日益全球化的世界。)”以及下文内容可知，作者写本文的目的主要是为了向读者介绍自己的两位朋友写的这本书。故选D。
15．B 16．C 17．A 18．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章分析了东西方文化的不同是因为文化系统在整体上是两个独立的系统。东方文化源自于中国和印度，而西方文化源自于古希腊罗马。语言等也造就了文化差异。
15．词句猜测题。根据指代关系和第三段“When the two mother rivers gave birth to the Eastern culture, another famous culture was up on the Mesopotamian Plain — the Mesopotamian Civilization. This civilization later on developed into the cultures of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome.(在这两条母亲河孕育东方文化的同时，另一种著名的文化也在两河平原上兴起——两河文明。这种civilization后来发展成为古希腊和古罗马文化)”中“This”可知，“This civilization”即上文所述在两河平原上兴起的两河文明。结合常识可知，两河文明是两河流域孕育的人类文明，即一个有自己文化和生活方式的社会。故选B项。
16．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“But what’s more, due to the far distance and the steep areas between the East and the west, the two cultures seldom communicated until recent centuries.(但更重要的是，由于东西方之间的距离遥远和陡峭的地区，两种文化直到最近几个世纪才有很少的交流)”可知，因为东方和西方太远了，所以直到最近几个世纪才有很少的交流。故选C项。
17．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“The differences are everywhere. They are obvious and make people’s ways of thinking and their views of the world different. But different cultures make the world of 21st century more colorful. The cultural difference should not be the obstacle to the civilization of human being. It ought to be the driving force of our going farther.(差异无处不在。它们是显而易见的，并使人们的思维方式和他们对世界的看法不同。但是不同的文化使21世纪的世界更加丰富多彩。文化差异不应成为人类文明的障碍。它应该成为我们走得更远的动力)”可知，最后一段主要讲文化差异的好处。故选A项。
18．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“The cultures of the East and the West are really different from each other a lot. This is because the culture systems are two separate ones on the whole.(东方和西方的文化真的有很大的不同。这是因为文化系统在整体上是两个独立的系统)”以及倒数第二段中“At the same time, some other differences add to the cultural differences.(与此同时，一些其他的差异增加了文化差异)”可知，本文主要讲是什么导致了东方和西方的文化有不同，所以D项“What causes cultural differences between East and West(是什么导致了东西方的文化差异)”是本文最好的标题。故选D项。
19．A 20．C 21．A 22．D 23．C 24．D 25．A 26．B 27．A 28．B 29．C 30．C 31．D 32．D 33．B
【导语】本文是夹叙夹议文。作者通过描述英国人的日常行为，反应出英国人自认为是礼貌的这件事是不符合事实的，作者认为他们的行为是很粗鲁的，不礼貌的。
19．考查短语辨析。句意：即使是最简单的业务，比如买火车票，也至少需要七到八次说这样的礼貌用语。A. at least至少；B. at most最多； C. less than比…少；D. not more than没有...多。根据上文“The British love to think of themselves as polite, and everyone knows how fond they are of their “pleases” and “thank you”.”可知，英国人在生活中很喜欢用礼貌用语，所以即使是买火车票这样简单的事情，也至少需要七到八次说这样的礼貌用语。故选A。
20．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们礼貌的另一个标志是排队。A. signal信号；B. scene场景；C. sign标志，符合；D. sight视线，风景。根据下文“of our good manners is the queue”可知，这里指他们英国人体现礼貌的另一个标志是在排队的时候体现出来的。故选C。
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：新来英国的人认为排队而不是足球是先进的国家运动，这是情有可原的。A. forgiven原谅；B. alarmed警报；C. calmed冷静；D. comforted安慰。根据上文“New-comers to Britain”可知，这是对新来英国的人的态度，所以他们即使有错误的认识是可以被原谅的。故选A。
22．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：见第3题详解。A. true真的；B. tough艰难的；C. superior高级的；D. advanced先进的。根据上文“football”可知，足球在英国应该是被认为是发展比较先进的国家运动项目。故选D。
23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但这一切是否意味着英国人应该认为自己比欧洲邻国更有礼貌？A. potential有潜力的；B. social社会的；C. polite有礼貌的；D. well-meaning善意的。根据上文“The British love to think of themselves as polite, and everyone knows how fond they are of their “pleases” and “thank you”.”可知，这里说的是英国人的礼貌问题。故选C。
24．考查连词词义辨析。句意：一般的英国人——除非碰巧在酒店或百货公司工作——宁愿死也不愿叫陌生人“先生”或“女士”。A. if如果；B. whether是否；C. when当…时候；D. unless除非。根据上文“The average English person”可知，这里提到的不是一般的英国人，而是在服务行业工作的英国人。本句为unless引导的条件状语从句。故选D。
25．考查连词词义辨析。句意：然而，在一些欧洲国家，这是最基本的通用称呼。A. Yet然而；B. So因此；C. Thus因此；D. Also也。根据上文“The average English person -- 6 he happens to work in a hotel or department store--would rather die than call a stranger “Sir” or “Madam”.”和下文“in some European countries this is the most basic of common address.”可知，上下文是转折的关系。故选A。
26．考查介词词义辨析。句意：我们对每个人的普遍称呼“你”可能看起来更平等，但这意味着我们不得不寻找复杂的方式来表达礼貌。A. from从；B. for为了；C. by通过；D. on在…上面。根据下文“everyone”可知，“you”是对每个人的称呼。故选B。
27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：见第8题详解。A. politeness礼貌；B. gratitude感激；C. concern关心；D. consideration考虑。根据上文“seek out complicated ways to express”可知，这里指要寻找复杂的方式来表达礼貌。故选A。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我完全赞成重新使用“thee”和“thou”（“thee”和“thou”是“you”的老式诗词）；“you”将只适用于陌生人和职业关系。A. responding回应；B. returning回归；C. escaping逃跑；D. contributing贡献。根据下文“the use of “thee” and “thou” (Thee and thou are old-fashioned poetic words for “you”)”可知，作者建议回到以前对“你”的称呼的使用。故选B。
29．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当然，英国人觉得感人的友谊和其他友谊的表现真的很可怕。A. passive被动的；B. flexible灵活的；C. terrifying令人害怕的；D. generous慷慨的。根据下文“ 13 kissing the average English person, and they will either take two steps backwards in horror”可知，英国人觉得感人的友谊和其他友谊的表现真的很可怕。故选C。
30．考查副词词义辨析。句意：你注意到英国人几乎从不接触吗？A. highly高地；B. mostly大部分；C. hardly几乎不；D. nearly几乎。根据下文“ 13 kissing the average English person, and they will either take two steps backwards in horror”可知，英国人不喜欢过于亲密的接触。故选C。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：试着亲吻普通的英国人，他们会吓得后退两步，或者，如果他们的逃跑被阻止，你会发现你的嘴唇碰到了他们的后脑勺。A. Risk冒险；B. Stop停止；C. Keep保持；D. Try尝试。根据下文“kissing the average English person”可知，这里是作者建议人们是试一下亲吻普通的英国人，然后可以看看他们的反应。故选D。
32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：见第13题详解。A. contact联系；B. response回应；C. target目标；D. escape逃跑。根据下文“you will find your lips touching the back of their head”可知，当你去亲吻英国人的时候，你却吻到了他们的后脑勺，说明他们是想逃跑，不想让你亲吻。故选D。
33．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在，还有什么比这更粗鲁的了吗？A. better更好的；B. ruder更粗鲁的；C. more polite更有礼貌的；D. more frightening更令人害怕的。根据上文“But does all this mean that the British should consider themselves more 5 than their European neighbours I think not.”和“ 13 kissing the average English person, and they will either take two steps backwards in horror, or, if their 14 is blocked you will find your lips touching the back of their head.”可知，作者并不认为英国人是礼貌的，反而认为他们的行为是很粗鲁的，不礼貌的。故选B。
34．which 35．popularity 36．into 37．cultural 38．was attracted 39．bringing 40．the 41．to learn 42．commonly 43．Devoted
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了茶百戏这一艺术和艺术家章志峰对这种艺术的传承与发展。
34．考查定语从句。句意：随着中国电视剧《荣梦》的热播，茶百戏艺术——用茶在水上做图案——也被越来越多的人所熟知。根据句意分析句子可知，空格后的部分是一个非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，所以空格处应该填入一个关系代词，代替先行词the art of chabaixi在从句中作主语。故填which。
35．考查名词。句意：它在宋代开始流行。根据句意和空格前的动词gain和所给形容词popular可知，空格处应该填入popular的名词形式popularity作动词gain的宾语，且popularity为不可数名词。故填popularity。
36．考查介词。句意：艺术家将茶叶或茶饼倒入沸水中搅拌，然后用产生的白色泡沫作画。根据句意和句中的动词pour可知，空格处应该填入介词into和动词pour搭配pour...into...(把……倒入……）。故填into。
37．考查形容词。句意：这一文化遗产的艺术家——福建的章志峰——花了多年的时间研究这一古老的艺术。根据句意和空格后的名词heritage以及所给名词culture可知，空格处应该填入culture的形容词形cultural式作定语，修饰名词heritage。故填cultural。
38．考查时态和语态。句意：当他还是一名大学生时，他通过阅读了解了茶白戏，并被它所吸引。根据句意和空格前的连词and可知，空格处应该填入和learned并列的谓语动词，所以空格处应该用过去时，因为主语Zhang和动词attract之间是被动关系，所以应该用被动语态，主语是单数。故填was attracted.
39．考查固定搭配。句意：章曾在福建武夷山的茶业工作，他花了多年时间将茶艺带回公众中。根据句意和句中的动词spent以及所给动词bring可知，该题是考查固定搭配spend time (in) doing something“花费时间做某事”。故填bringing。
40．考查冠词。句意：章曾在福建武夷山的茶业工作，他花了多年时间将茶艺带回公众中。根据句意和空格后的public可知，该题是考查固定短语the public(平民；百姓；民众)。故填the。
41．考查不定式。句意：这种艺术也为我们更多地了解宋朝文化打开了一扇门。根据句意和空格前的for us可知，此处应该用不定式复合结构for somebody to do something，其中不定式作宾语补足语。故填to learn。
42．考查副词。句意：过去，茶百戏最常用的茶是绿茶。根据句意和空格后的过去分词used以及所给形容词common可知，空格处应该填入common的副词形式commonly，修饰过去分词used。故填commonly。
43．考查过去分词。句意：致力于茶白戏的研究、创作和传播，章已经在大学里培训了几百名学生。根据句意分析句子可知，空格处只能填入动词devote的非谓语形式作状语，“致力于……”的表达方式是devote oneself to或be devoted to，所以动词devote和句子的主语Zhang之间是被动关系，所以应该用过去分词作状语，单词位于句首，首字母大写。故填Devoted。