2023年外研版中考英语复习 第九节 动词的非谓语形式 课件(共56张PPT)

(共56张PPT)
第一部分 基于语义的语法知识篇
句 法
第九节 动词的非谓语形式
目录
考点思维导图
01
中考考点回顾
02
考点精讲精练
03
语篇考点专练
04
考点思维导图
中考考点回顾
考点 考查题型及频次 考查内容
不定式作宾语 单项填空（2年1考） it作形式宾语，动词不定式作真正的宾语（2018）
不定式作目的状语 单项填空（2年1考） to achieve（2019）
语法选择（3年1考） to enjoy（2021）
不定式作宾补 语法选择（3年2考） expect sb. to do sth. （2020）；tell sb. to do sth. （2022）
42. After long years of war, many people in Syria are homeless. I think it important _____ a peaceful world.
A. build B. not build C. to build D. not to build
解析：考查不定式作宾语的用法。it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词不定式。故选C。
单项填空
36. Young people are encouraged to work hard _____ their own dreams.
A. achieve B. achieves
C. to achieve D. achieved
解析：考查不定式作目的状语的用法。故选C。
单项填空
I expect each of you _33_ a kite that means something important to you.
A. make B. to make C. making D. made
解析：考查不定式作宾补的用法。expect sb. to do sth. （期待某人做某事）。故选B。
语法选择
Many tourists, they believe, will come _38_ the fantastic experience of walking across.
A. enjoy B. enjoyed C. enjoying D. to enjoy
解析：考查不定式作目的状语的用法。故选D。
语法选择
One day, the teacher told her _34 _ a test.
A. take B. to take C. taking
解析：考查不定式作宾补的用法。tell sb. to do sth. （让某人做某事）。故选B。
语法选择
考点精讲精练
动词的非谓语形式是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要包括：动词不定式、动词的-ing形式、动词的-ed形式，即非谓语动词。动词的非谓语形式没有人称和数的变化, 除了不能单独作谓语外, 可以承担句子的其他成分。
考点1
动词不定式
动词不定式的基本形式是“不定式符号to+动词原形”，不定式符号to有时也可省略，其否定形式是“not to+动词原形”。
1. 动词不定式作主语
作主语的动词不定式常用形式主语it代替，动词不定式后置，常见句型：
（1）It’s＋adj. (＋for / of sb. )＋to do sth.
It’s necessary for us to help each other. 我们互相帮忙是必要的。
（2）It’s+n. +to do sth.
It’s your turn to bath the baby. 轮到你给婴儿洗澡了。
（3）It takes sb. time to do sth.
It takes about half an hour to get to the airport. 到机场大概需要半小时。
2. 动词不定式作宾语
（1）常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：
want to do sth. 想要做某事 prefer to do sth. 更喜欢做某事 plan to do sth. 计划做某事
like to do sth. 喜欢做某事 refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事 begin / start to do sth. 开始做某事
try to do sth. 设法做某事 expect to do sth. 期望做某事 would like to do sth. 想做某事
续表
decide to do sth. 决定做某事 offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事 learn to do sth. 学习做某事
hope to do sth. 希望做某事 afford to do sth. 承担得起做某事 help to do sth. 帮忙做某事
agree to do sth. 同意做某事 continue to do sth. 继续做某事 promise to do sth. 承诺做某事
（2）find,think等词后面跟不定式时，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语（即动词不定式）后置。（2018. 42）
Some people think it impolite to ask someone’s age. 有些人认为询问别人的年龄是不礼貌的。
（3）“疑问词+动词不定式”作宾语。
He didn’t know how to begin. 他不知道如何开场。
3. 动词不定式作宾语补足语
（1）常接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：
ask sb. (not) to do sth. 叫某人(不要) 做某事
wish sb. (not) to do sth. 希望某人(不要) 做某事
tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人(不要) 做某事（2022. 34）
would like sb. (not) to do sth. 想要某人(不要) 做某事
want sb. (not) to do sth. 想要某人(不要) 做某事
encourage sb. (not) to do sth. 鼓励某人(不要) 做某事
teach sb. (not) to do sth. 教某人(不要) 做某事
allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
expect sb. (not) to do sth. 盼望某人(不要) 做某事（2020. 33）
invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事
advise sb. (not) to do sth. 建议某人(不要) 做某事
help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事
（2）一些使役动词和感官动词后也接不定式作宾语补足语，但不定式要省略to。这些动词有：hear，let，make，have，see，watch，notice等。但这些动词变为被动语态时，须加to。
I saw the man go into the shop. 　我看见这个男人进了这家店。
The man was seen to go into the shop. 这个男人被看见进了这家店。
4. 动词不定式作状语（5年2考）
动词不定式作状语，常用来表示目的、结果、原因或程度。作目的状语时，可放句末也可放句首，放句首时要用逗号隔开。
He went there to see his grandpa. ＝To see his grandpa， he went there. 他去那里是为了探望他的爷爷。
5. 动词不定式作表语
动词不定式作表语，常放在系动词之后，表示具体的动作或将来的动作。
My job is to teach English. 我的工作是教英语。
6. 动词不定式作定语
动词不定式作定语，常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后，作后置定语。
I have a lot of homework to do. 我有许多作业要做。
【拓展】常见的不带to的动词不定式句型：
（1）Why not do sth. ？＝Why don’t you do sth. ？为什么不做某事？
Why not go out to see a film with me？＝Why don’t you go out to see a film with me？为什么不和我一起出去看电影呢？
(2)would do … rather than do … ＝would rather do … than do …＝prefer to do … rather than do …＝prefer doing … to doing … 宁愿做……而不愿做……
I would stay at home rather than go out to play. 我宁愿待在家里也不愿出去玩。
He prefers to have class rather than have a rest. 他宁愿上课也不愿休息。
(3)would rather (not)do 宁愿(不)做
I would rather not play with him. 我宁愿不和他玩。
( )1. _____ the people locked inside, the firemen broke down the door. (2022扬州改编)
A. Reach B. To reach C. Reaching
B
( )2. The local government advises people _____ to other places _____ it is not necessary during the pandemic. (2022达州改编)
A. travel; unless B. to not travel; if
C. not to travel; if
C
( )3. As teenagers, we are not allowed _____ mobile phones into school so that we can focus on our schoolwork. (2022泸州改编)
A. bring B. to bring C. bringing
( )4. Mario and his friends are making some plans _____ in an old people’s home this summer. (2021安顺)
A. work B. working C. to work
B
C
( )5. It’s necessary for students _____ eye exercises. (2021龙东)
A. do B. doing C. to do
C
动词的-ing形式是由“动词原形+-ing”构成，形式与动词的现在分词相同。
考点2
动词的-ing形式
(2022课标新增)
用法 举例
作主语 谓语动词用单数形式 Finding a good job is difficult these days. 现在找一份好工作不容易。
作宾语 “动词/介词+v. -ing”构成动宾或介宾结构 Most students enjoy asking questions in English. 大部分学生都喜欢用英语提问。
续表
用法 举例
作宾语补足语 常接动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语的动词有：see, watch, hear, notice, keep, find等，表示动作正在进行或持续发生,句子中的宾语与动词的-ing形式是逻辑上的主动关系 We can hear the girl singing in her room. 我们可以听到那个女孩在她房间唱歌。(女孩正在唱歌)
续表
用法 举例
作状语 表示原因、伴随、时间、结果等，句子中的主语与动词的-ing形式之间存在逻辑上的主动关系(高考语法项目) Seeing the police,he made a run for the exit. 一看到警察，他就向出口奔去。（他看到警察）
【附】常接动词的-ing形式作宾语的单词、短语和句型有：
单词 avoid doing sth. 避免做某事 mind doing sth. 介意做某事 finish doing sth. 完成做某事
allow doing sth. 允许做某事 practice doing sth. 练习做某事 keep doing sth. 坚持做某事
enjoy doing sth. 乐意做某事 consider doing sth. 考虑做某事 suggest doing sth. 建议做某事
续表
短语 succeed in doing sth. 成功做某事 feel like doing sth. 想要做某事
pay attention to doing sth. 注意做某事 be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事
be / get used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事 be worth doing sth. 值得做某事
look forward to doing sth. 盼望做某事 have fun doing sth. 做某事有乐趣
续表
短语 have trouble doing sth. 做某事有困难 do some shopping 买东西续表
can’t help doing sth. 禁不住做某事 stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
spend＋时间＋(in) doing sth. 花时间做某事 prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 比起做某事,更喜欢做某事
句型 What / How about doing sth. ？ 做某事怎么样？
【拓展】有些动词既可接动词不定式，又可接-ing形式，但意义不同
forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事(已做) forget to do sth. 忘了要去做某事(未做) stop doing sth. 停止做某事
stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事
remember doing sth. 记得做过某事(已做) remember to do sth. 记得去做某事(未做) regret doing sth. 对做过的事感到遗憾、后悔(已做)
regret to do sth. 对要做的事感到遗憾(未做)
续表
try doing sth. 试验 / 试着做某事 try to do sth. 努力 / 企图做某事 go on doing sth. 继续做原来做的事
go on to do sth. 做完原来的事后,接着做另一件事
( )1. —English is difficult _____ at the beginning.
—Yes, but if you keep _____, you can make progress. (2021大庆改编)
A. to be learned; trying B. to learn; trying
C. to learn; to try
B
( )2. My parents are used to _____ after supper. (2021梧州改编)
A. walk B. walked C. walking
( )3. It is hard for people to move forward with a strong wind _____ hard. (2021成都A卷)
A. blown B. blowing C. to blow
C
B
( )4. —Ms. Griffin, what should we do _____ stupid mistakes in the coming exams
—Be more careful. (2021达州改编)
A. to avoid making B. avoiding making
C. avoid making
A
( )5. The driver saw an old man _____ on the side of the road.
A. lie B. to lie C. lying
C
考点3
动词的-ed形式
(2022课标新增)
用法 举例
作定语 单词作定语时，动词的-ed形式一般放在被修饰词的前面 Here’s some boiled water. Have a drink whenever you’re thirsty. 这里有开水。渴了随便喝。
短语作定语时，动词的-ed形式一般放在被修饰词的后面 This is a book written by Mo Yan. 这是一本莫言写的书。
续表
用法 举例
作表语 表示主语所处的状态 The stone steps were worn and broken. 这些石头台阶被磨平破裂了。
作宾语补足语 动词的-ed形式可以在see, hear, notice, watch, keep, find, get, have等动词后面与名词或代词构成复合宾语，句子中的宾语与动词的-ed形式是逻辑上的被动关系 I must get my bike repaired. 我必须请人修理自行车。（自行车被修理）
续表
用法 举例
作状语 表示原因、条件、时间、让步等，句子中的主语与动词的-ed形式之间存在逻辑上的被动关系 Grown in rich soil,these seeds can grow fast. 如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。（种子被种在土里）
( )1. There is a beautiful girl _____ Kate in our class.
A. called B. calling C. to call
A
( )2. _____ last year, there are fewer people driving to work.
A. To compare with B. Comparing with
C. Compared with
( )3. You’d better explain it loudly to make yourself _____.
A. to hear B. hearing C. heard
C
C
( )4. The new robot _____ last month can do many jobs instead of humans.
A. inventing B. invented C. to invent
( )5. There is something wrong with my watch. I am going to get it _____.
A. to repair B. repaired C. repairing
B
B
语篇考点专练
语法选择
Do you know food deliverymen(外卖员)？ On almost every street in many Chinese cities, we can see them in yellow or blue suits _1_ e-bikes. They rush from restaurants to businesses and homes. They make _2_ life more convenient than before.
riding
our
A deliveryman is supposed _3_ up the order from the restaurant and deliver it to the customer in usually half an hour. In fact, the time limit (时限) for deliverymen _4_ normally shorter. The deliverymen face a physical and mental pressure because of the time limit set by food delivery apps. If they deliver an order late, even by one second, they will be fined (罚款).
to pick
is
The time limit has increased the risk of traffic accidents _5_ recent years. _6_ time, deliverymen often break traffic rules, putting not only their own lives at risk, but the lives of others as well. _7_ dangerous it is！
Many customers in companies or schools often ask deliverymen _8_ for them to pick up their food at the gates. However, most of them can’t show up in time, so the
in
To save
How
to wait
deliverymen have to be responsible for the delays (延迟). It’s _9_ for them. If customers can choose “I would like to wait longer. ” in the app, deliverymen will be given more time. It will help _10_ deliverymen safe on the roads. Please be patient.
unfair
to keep
( )1. A. to ride B. riding C. ridden
( )2. A. we B. us C. our
( )3. A. pick B. picking C. to pick
( )4. A. am B. is C. are
( )5. A. for B. of C. in
B
C
C
B
C
( )6. A. To save B. Saving C. Save
( )7. A. What B. How C. What a
( )8. A. waited B. waiting C. to wait
( )9. A. unfair B. fair C. fairness
( )10. A. to keep B. keeping C. kept
A
B
C
A
A
THANKS!