Unit 6 I’m going to study computer science语法、知识点讲解

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名称 Unit 6 I’m going to study computer science语法、知识点讲解
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更新时间 2014-09-08 00:00:00

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Unit 6 I’m going to study computer science
一、语法 用“be going to”结构和 “ want to be”谈论生活目标。
一)be going to”结构用法:谈 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )论理想、打算或计划可以用“be going to”结构,也可以用want to do 和plan to do 的一般现在时。“be going to”结构可以用来谈论理想、计划、打算,或者根据目前的善,推测很可能将要发生的事。含有be going to 结构的句子中往往有表示将来的时间状语。如:
①I’m going to wash clothes tomorrow.
②I want to wash clothes tomorrow.
③I plan to wash clothes tomorrow.
④Look at the black clouds. It's going to rain.看那些乌云,快要下雨了。(推测)
⑤Oh, dear! It’s 8:30. Class begins at 8:00. We’re going to be late.
注意:
1、当be going to后面遇到形容词时,要在形容词前加be,构成动词短语,因为be going to后面要跟动词原形。如:
①I’m going to be free tomorrow. 明天我有空。
②I’m going to be busy next week. 下周我会很忙。
2、be going to中的be 根据主语而变成am, is或者 are. 如:
①I am going to get up early tomorrow.
②We are going to swim tomorrow.
③He is going to sing tomorrow.
二)含be going to 的句子变否定句和一般疑问句的变法
由于句子中有助动词be,因此be goin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g to 的否定句和一般疑问句的构成很容易,即在be (am, is, are) 的后面加上not 就构成了否定句;把be (am, is, are) 放到句首,在句末加问号就构成了一般疑问句,其答语为:Yes, 主语+ am/is/are. / No, 主语+ isn't/aren't. / No, I'm not.不过 I am... 在改为一般疑问句时常常改为“Are you .... ”。例如:
They are going to wash clothes at home tomorrow . (肯定句)
They are not going to wash clothes at home tomorrow . (否定句)
—Are they going to wash clothes at home tomorrow (一般疑问句)
—Yes, they are. (No, they aren't.) (肯定及否定回答)
三)注意
come, go, leave, arri ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ve等表示位置移动的动词常用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作,它们很少与be going to 结构连用。例如:
Miss Sun is coming tonight.今晚孙小姐要来。
但教材中有连用的例子,如:
He is going to go to a cooking school. (初二上,P43)
I’m going to go to a soccer camp. (初二上,P101)
四)There be 句型 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的be going to 结构 There is / are going to be... 常用来表示某地将存在某人或某物。注意句型中be going to 后面的be不能改为have。例如:
There is going to b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e a football match next Saturday in our school.下周六我们学校将有一场足球比赛。
There aren’t going to be any apples in winter. 冬天将没有苹果。
五)“be going to + v.原形”结构和 “ will+ v.原形”的区别:二都都可以表达将来发生的事,一般不加区分,只是在下列情况下,需要注意:
1、用be going to,不用will的两种情况:
1)当谈论计划打算时,用be going to,不用will,如:
①What are you going to do when you grow up 你长大后打算做什么?我打算当老师。
②I’m going to swim tomorrow. 我打算明天去游泳。
2)谈论根据现在所知,预计不久肯定会发生的事情时 ,用be going to,不用will,如:
①Look! It’s going to rain! 看,要下雨了。
②He is packing hi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s bag. He is going out.他在打点行装,他要外出了。
③The car is going to turn over. 车要翻了。
④He has reached Dangji ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), he is going to be here in ten minutes. 他已经到党集了,十分钟后他就能来到。
2、下列情况下用will,不用be going to:
1)根据说话者的见解和观点对未来作出预言时
I think Tom will study hard from now on.
2)在说话时临时作出的决定时,一般用will的缩略式’ll.
I think I’ll go ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank ) to bed.
— Come to supper. — OK, thanks. I’ll bring a bottle.
3)表示意图、提议、许诺 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank )、自愿做某事或坚持做某事时 ,带有感彩,如:
①—There’s the door-bell. — I’ll go.
②I will stop smoking— I really will!
③Get up early tomorrow. Sure. I will.
④Don’t be late . I won’t.
⑤Don’t worry. I’ll help you.
4)表示请求和邀请时 Wi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ll you give me a hand
Will you come in and have a drink
5)表示命令或威胁时
You will start work at six o’clock.
I’ll beat you if you do that again.
6)表示习惯和规律时
The baby will cry when her mother leaves.
Man will die.
二、词组、短语:
1、grow up 长大,
3、be sure about对某事确信, 4、make sure 确信/有把握
5、send sth to sb 寄/送给某人某物 6、be able to 能/能够
7、write down写下/记下 8、have to do with必须处理某事
9、in common通常, 10、take up (doing) sth 开始从事/着手处理/接受
11、keep on doing sth 继续做某事 12、have to do with 与……无关
13、have nothing to do with 与……有关 14、promise to do sth 答应做某事
15、get a lot ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) of exercise 多锻炼 16、study medicine at a university 在大学学医
17、take medicine. 吃药 18、eat healthier food 吃更健康的食物
19、make the soccer team 组建足球队 20、make a resolution 做决定
21. take acting les ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )son 上表演课 22. make a weekly plan 做每周计划
23、hardly ever 几乎不, 24、too…to…太而不能
25、the meaning of …的意思/含义 26、different kinds of 不同种类的
27、every day每天 28、the coming year 来年
29、physical healt ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h 身体健康 30、New Year’s resolutions 新年决定
31、a cooking school 一所厨师学校 32、another foreign language 另一门外语
33、at the beginning of… 在…开始时 34.at the end of … 在…结束时/的终点
35. for this reason ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )由于这个原因 36. kind of =a little =a bit a little bit 有点
三、短语、难句解析
1.Now I know why y ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ou are so good at writing stories.现在我知道你这么擅长写故事的原因了。
1)这整个句子是个复合句,其中why you are so good at writing stories是宾语从句。
所谓复合句,就是含有从句的句子。
从句:当句中的主语、宾语、表语、定语、 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )状语、同位语等成份由一个完整的句子充当时,充当这些句子成份的句子,就叫做从句。充当主语的从句叫主语从句,充当宾语的从句叫宾语从句,充当状语的从句叫定语从句,等等。初中主要学习状语从句、宾语从句、定语从句。
2)状语和状语从句(第十单元还要做为专题学习)
在句中修饰动词、形容词、副词或 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )整个句子的成份叫状语,状语常由副词、动词不定式等充当。状语可以表示动作发生的时间(时间状语)、地点(地点状语)、目的(目的状语)、原因(原因状语)、结果(结果状语)等,当状语由一个句子/从句来充当时,这个充当状语的句子叫状语从句。如:
⑴He runs fast. (fast 副词,修饰动词runs,做状语)
⑵He is very happy. (very副词,修饰形容词happy,表示幸福的程度,做状语)
⑶He speaks too fast ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ). (fast 副词,修饰动词speaks,too副词,修饰副词fast,表示快的程度,too fast太快,一起修饰动词speaks,做状语)
⑷Luckily, he didn’t h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )urt badly. (Luckily,副词,修饰整个句子,做状语;badly副词,严重,修饰动词hurt,表示伤的程度,做状语。)
⑸He went to th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e park to relax.他去公园放松。(不定式to relax表示动词短语went to the park的目的,做目的状语)
 ⑹He is glad to see you . 见到你他很高兴。(不定式to see you表示glad的原因,做原因状语)
⑺He gets up at 5:30 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) every day. 他天天早起。(at 5:30短语表示起床的时间,做时间状语; every day表示早起的频度,也是状语)
⑻He studies at home ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) on weekends. 他周末在家学习。(at home是学习的地点,做地点状语,on weekends是学习的时间,做时间状语)
⑼He is too young to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )go to school . 他太小,不能去上学。(不定式to go to school是年龄太小的结果,做结果状语)
⑽I didn’t do my homewo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rk yesterday because I didn’t have a pen.我昨天没做作业,因为我没有笔。(because I didn’t have a pen.是没做作业的原因,是原因状语从句。)
⑾The desk is so he ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )avy that I can’t carry it . 这课桌这么重,所以我搬不动。(that I can’t carry it是课桌重的结果,是结果状语从句)
⑿When I got home, m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y mother was cooking. 当我到家时,我妈正在做饭。(When I got home,表示cook的时间,是时间状语从句)
⒀If it doesn’t rain ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tomorrow, I will go to Beijing.如果明天不下雨,我就去北京。(If it doesn’t rain tomorrow,是go to Beijing的条件,是条件状语从句。)
注意:表示将来的事情时,条件状语从句和时间状语从句要用一般现在时,但是主句要用一般将来时、或祈使句或情态动词的一般现在时。如:
⒁If it rains tomo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rrow, I won’t go to Beijing. 如果明天下雨,我就不去北京了。 (从句If it rains tomorrow用的一般现在时rains,主句I won’t go to Beijing.用的一般将来时won’t go)
⒂When you get home tomorrow, call me. 你明天到家时,给我打个电话。
(从句When you get home tomorrow用的一般现在时get,主句call me是个祈使句)
⒃If I’m free t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )omorrow, I can help you do the housework. 如果明天我有空的话,我可以帮你做家务。(从句If I’m free tomorrow用的一般现在时am, 主句用了情态动词的一般现在时can help)
3)宾语和宾语从句
及物动词、动词短语或介词后跟宾语。宾语可以由名词、名词性短语、代词宾格形式、动词不定式等来充当。如:
⑴I like English. 我喜欢英语。(名词English充当及物动词like的宾语)
⑵I want a book. 我想要一本书。(名词性短语a book 充当及物动词want的宾语)
⑶He is looking for ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )his soccer. 他在寻找他的足球。(名词性短语his soccer 充当短语动词looking for的宾语)
⑷He is waiting ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) for the bus. 他在等待公共汽车。 (名词the bus 充当短语动词waiting for的宾语)
⑸I want to watch TV. 我想看电视。(不定式短语to watch TV充当及物动词want的宾语)
⑹He began to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )learn English. 他开始学习英语了。(不定式短语to learn English做及物动词began的宾语)
⑹The story is about a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) countryside girl. 这个故事是关于一个农村姑娘的。(名词性短语a countryside girl做介词about的宾语)
⑺The shoes aren’t for me. 这双鞋不适合我。(人称代词宾格me做介词for的宾语)
如果宾语由一个从句来充当,这个充当宾语的从句就叫做宾语从句。
关于宾语从句要掌握以下几点:
1)宾语从句需要引导词。当陈述一件事时,引导 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )词用that; 当询问某事是否时事实时,引导词用if或者whether;当询问事情发生的时间、地点、原因、方式等时,用特殊疑问词when, where, why, how等做引导词。如:
①He says that he finishes his homework. 说他完成了作业。
②He asks if it will rain tomorrow. 他问明天是否下雨。
③He asks where Tom lives. 他问汤姆住在哪里。
2)宾语从句要做成“引导词+肯定句或否定句” 的结构,即宾语从句要用陈述语序,
如:
① I don’t know if he will come tomorrow. 我不知道他明天是否会来。
② I don’t care if Tom can swim. 我不在乎汤姆会不会游泳。
③ I want to know if he went to school yesterday. 我想知道他昨天是否去上学了。
④ I want to know if she studies hard. 我想知道她是否学习努力。
3)宾语从句的时态要与主句保持一致:当主句用一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时、一般将来时时,宾语从句可以用任意它需要的时态,如:
①He says that he will ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )go to Beijing tomorrow.他说他明天去北京。(根据时间状语tomorrow,应用一般将来时,所以,句中用了will go)
②He asks if Lu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cy likes drawing.他问是否露西喜欢画画。(主句谓语asks用的一般现在时,说明时间是现在,谈论现在的好恶应用一般现在时,所以,宾语从句用了likes)
③He asks how I w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ent to school yesterday. 他问昨天我是怎样去上学的。(根据时间状语yesterday,应用一般过去时,所以,句中用了went)
当主句用一般过去时等过去时态时,宾语从句如 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )果谈论的是客观真理、自然规律等时,宾语从句扔用一般现在时;否则,宾语从句就要选择过去的某种时态,如:
①He said that light ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) travels faster than sound. 他说光比声音传播的快。(光比声音传播的快是自然规律,无论主句用什么时态,宾语从句都可以用一般现在时)
②He said that the earth goes round the sun.他说地球围绕太阳转。
(宾语从句that the ear ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )th goes round the sun.叙述的是自然规律,所以虽然主句用了一般过去时态,从句仍然可以用一般现在时,而不用一般过去时)
③He said that he ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) liked apples. 他说他喜欢苹果。( 主句谓语said是一般过去时,说明他喜欢苹果是过去的事,谈论过去的好恶要用一般过去时)
④He said that he wa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s doing his homework. 他说他在做作业。(主句谓语said是一般过去时,说明他是过去在做作业,谈论过去正在发生的事用过去进行时)
2、I’m going to keep on writing stories , of course. 当然,我将继续写故事。
1)keep on doing sth. / go on doing sth. 继续做某事(继续做原来做的事)
早饭后,我将继续学习。After breakfast, I will keep / go on studying .
3、sure = certainly = of course 当然(回答请求)
1)be sure 用法
①be sure to do sth. 一定会.,如果放在句首,做成祈使句,表示.一定要/务必;. 如:
She is sure to pass the text. 她一定能通过考试。
Be sure to come tomorrow. 明天务必要来。
② be sure of /about sth. 对...有把握 如:
I’m sure of the result. 我对这个结果有把握。
③be sure of oneself 有自信
④ be sure + that 从句 确信... 如:
I’m sure that he will succeed. 我确信他会成功。
2)make sure 用法
① make sure of sth. 核实务必
你应该核实时间。You should make sure of the time
②make sure + that 从句 确保;
确保别的人人都知道这个秘密。 Make sure (that) anyone else knows the secrets
3、Some resolutions may be too difficult to keep. 有些决定太难,无法实现。
1) too…to … 太…… ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )而不能……,第一个too是副词,太,后面跟形容词或副词原形,表示原因;第二个to后面跟动词原形,构成动词不定式,表示否定的结果,不能做某事;当动词不定式的逻辑主语与整个句子的主语不一致时,动词不定式的逻辑主语做成“for sb.”结构,放在不定式前,如:
①He is too young to go to school. 他太小不能上学。
②The desk is too heavy for me to carry it. 这课桌太重我搬不动。
2)形容词或副词原形+enough ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )+to do sth. 形容词或副词原形+enough表示原因,意思是“够……”,不定式to do sth表示结果,有时可以和too…to …互换,如:
①He is strong enoug ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h to carry the desk.他足够强壮,可以去搬动那张课桌。(He is strong enough表示原因,意思是他足够强壮,to carry the desk 表示肯定结果,意思是可以去搬动那张课桌)
②He runs fas ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t enough to win. 他跑的足够快,可以获胜。(He runs fast enough表示原因,意思是他跑的足够快,to win表示肯定结果,意思是可以获胜)
③Tom isn’t old en ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ough to go to school. = Tom is too young to go to school.
汤姆年龄不够大,不能去 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )上学。(Tom isn’t old enough表示原因,意思是汤姆年龄不够大,to go to school表示否定结果,意思是不能去上学)
3) so…that… 如此…… ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )以致……,因为……所以……;so后面跟形容词或副词原形,表示原因,that后面跟一个从句,表示结果;当that从句表达否定概念时,可以与too…to …互换,当that从句表达肯定概念时,可以与enough +to do sth.互换,如:
①He is so strong ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) that he can carry the desk. = He is strong enough to carry the desk. 他这么强壮,可以动那张课桌。
②He is so young t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hat he can’t go to school.= He is too young to go to school. 他那么小不能去上学。
4、promise vt. 保证,许诺。
1) promise to do sth. 许诺做某事
My mother promised to buy a piano for me. 妈妈答应给我买一架钢琴。
2) promise sb. sth. 许诺某人某物
My aunt promised me a bike. 我姨许给我一辆自行车。
3)promise + that 从句 承诺某事
Tom promises that he can return on time. 汤姆承诺按时返回。
4)make promises to sb.对某人许下诺言
Don’t make promises to others. 不要对人许诺。
5)keep a promise 兑现诺言
①He has never kept a promise. 他从不兑现诺言。
②As long as y ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ou make a promise to others, you should keep it . 你一旦许诺,就要兑现。
5、write down 写下来
①Some people wr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ite down their new year’s resolutions or plans for the coming year. 有些人把新年决定或计划写下来。
②I wrote down his name yesterday. 我昨天把他的名字记下来了。
6、 take up a hobby 发展一个爱好
I’m going to take up a hobby this year. 今年我打算发展一个爱好。
7、have to do with 与……有关
①My New Year’s plans have to do with physical health. 我的新年计划与身体健康有关。
② His New Year’s resol ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )utions have to do with self-improvement. 他的新年决定与自我提高有关。
③Her New Year’s re ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )solutions have to do with better plans. 她的新年决定与更合理的规划有关。
have nothing to do with 与无关
① He has nothing to do with the matter. 他与这件事无关。
②His New Yea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r’s resolutions have nothing to do with study. 他的新年决定与学习无关。
8、 have one thing in common 有一个共同点
My friend and I have one thing in common. 我的朋友与我有一个共同点。
9、 for this reason由于这个原因
I always for ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )get things. For this reason, I often write them down. 我总是忘事,由于这个原因,我常把事情记下来。