2023届高考英语临门一脚：阅读理解指导课件(共30张PPT)

(共30张PPT)
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2023高考临门一脚
Fighting for the final glory！
祝考生金榜题名，心想事成！！！
The last part of an endeavor is the hardest.
行百里者半九十
Always on the way； Never stop trying！
相信自己：即使再小的帆也能远航！
阅读理解
临门一脚
高考真题回顾
年份 卷别 体裁 　题目类型 细节 理解 推理 判断 主旨 大意 词句
猜测
2022 新高考全国卷Ⅰ A.应用文 B.说明文 C.新闻报道 D.说明文 7 5 1 1
甲卷 A.应用文 B.说明文 C.记叙文 D.夹叙夹议 8 3 3 1
乙卷 A.应用文 B.书评 C.说明文 D.说明文 8 5 1 1
2021 新高考全国卷Ⅰ A.应用文 B.记叙文 C.说明文 D.说明文 6 6 2 1
甲卷 A.应用文 B.说明文 C.记叙文 D.议论文 6 7 1 1
乙卷 A.应用文 B.说明文 C.说明文 D.说明文 7 6 1 1
2020 新高考全国卷Ⅰ A.应用文 B.记叙文 C.说明文 D.说明文 8 4 1 2
全国卷Ⅰ A.应用文 B.夹叙夹议 C.说明文 D.说明文 7 5 2 1
全国卷Ⅱ A.应用文 B.说明文 C.说明文 D.记叙文 8 3 2 2
全国卷Ⅲ A.应用文 B.记叙文 C.说明文 D.说明文 7 4 3 1
细节理解题
先题后文定出处
同义转述现答案
万一计算不要怕
简单清爽把分拿
2022 新高考全国I A
先题后文定出处
同义转述现答案
Late Work
An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. Daily assignments not completed during class will get a zero. Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted.
3. What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date
A. You will receive a zero. B. You will lose a letter grade.
C. You will be given a test. D. You will have to rewrite it.
2022 新高考全国I B
先题后文定出处
同义转述现答案
Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”
5. What is a consequence of food waste according to the test
A. Moral decline. B. Environmental harm.
C. Energy shortage. D. Worldwide starvation.
2022 新高考全国I D
先题后文定出处
同义转述现答案
More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f” and “v”, were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.
12. Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damián Blasi’s research focus on
A. Its variety. B. Its distribution. C. Its quantity. D.Its development.
2022 全国乙 A
万一计算不要怕
原词复现找出处
简单清爽把分拿
Admission 4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.
2. How much would a couple with two children under 12 pay for admission
4. B. 8. C. 12. D. 16.
4+4+0= 8
细节理解题
巩固练习
高考题 3篇
模拟题 2篇
(参见学案)
推理判断题
中心结构把握住
正确答案有依据
同类词汇得态度
结构定意图，写作手法知出处
2022·新高考Ⅰ卷·B
语篇中心
关键定位词
答案依据
In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain,” ……
Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just don’t think. “Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won’t eat,” Curtin says. 4.What does Curtin suggest people do
A. Buy only what is needed. B. Reduce food consumption.
C. Go shopping once a week. D. Eat in restaurants less often..
2021·新高考Ⅰ卷·D
同类感彩词汇
合理推测搞定态度
Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.
What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence
A. Favorable. B. Intolerant. C. Doubtful. D. Unclear.
常见语篇的写作意图
to tell a story/to share a(n)…experience
记叙文
to promote/ to persuade…
广告应用文
to introduce/to explain/to inform…
科普类说明文
to inform/ to report…
新闻报道
to argue/to prove/to analyse/to persuade…
议论文
常见段落/语块的写作意图
to introduce the topic
开头的问题/数字/经历
to support/to show…
例子/引言/数据
2020·新高考Ⅰ卷·C
说明文得知目的是to introduce
同义词合理推测具体对象
In the mid 1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.
　　His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24 year old who picked up his colorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers.
This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mountain funeral (葬礼) followed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles from the sea.
Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well rounded picture of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes. His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his delicate stomach. As the author explains, this is neither a travel nor a history book, or even a piece of reportage. Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions.
What is the purpose of this text
A. To introduce a book. B. To explain a cultural phenomenon. C. To remember a writer. D. To recommend a travel destination.
2020·新高考II卷·C
关键词体现写作手法
出处易如反掌
In May 1987 the Golden Gate Bridge had a 50th birthday party. The bridge was closed to motor traffic so people could enjoy a walk across it. Organizers expected perhaps 50,000 people to show up. Instead, as many as 800,000 crowded the roads to the bridge. By the time 250,000 were on the bridge, engineers noticed something terrible: the roadway was flattening under what turned out to be the heaviest load it had ever been asked to carry. Worse, it was beginning to sway (晃动). The authorities closed access to the bridge and tens of thousands of people made their way back to land. A disaster was avoided.
The story is one of scores in To Forgive Design:Understanding Failure, a book that is at once a love letter to engineering and a paean (赞歌) to its breakdowns. Its author, Dr. Henry Petroski, has long been writing about disasters. In this book, he includes the loss of the space shuttles (航天飞机) Challenger and Columbia, and the sinking of the Titanic.
Though he acknowledges that engineering works can fail because the person who thought them up or engineered them simply got things wrong, in this book Dr. Petroski widens his view to consider the larger context in which such failures occur. Sometimes devices fail because a good design is constructed with low quality materials incompetently applied. Or perhaps a design works so well it is adopted elsewhere again and again, with seemingly harmless improvements, until, suddenly, it does not work at all anymore.
Readers will encounter not only stories they have heard before, but some new stories and a moving discussion of the responsibility of the engineer to the public and the ways young engineers can be helped to grasp them.
“Success is success but that is all that it is,” Dr. Petroski writes. It is failure that brings improvement.
What is the text
A. A news report. B. A short story. C. A book review. D. A research article.
推理判断题
巩固练习
高考题 3篇
模拟题 3篇
(参见学案)
主旨大意题
key words定标题
主题扣全文大意
段落大意看结构
2022·新高考II卷·C
key words一出，大意立明
只含有一个key word不能指向大意
X
X
X
Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel.
Yet the problem, by just about any measure, appears to be getting worse. Americans are still texting while driving, as well as using social networks and taking photos. Road accidents, which had fallen for years, are now rising sharply.
That is partly because people are driving more, but Mark Rosekind, the chief of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, said distracted (分心) driving was “only increasing, unfortunately.”
“Big change requires big ideas,” he said in a speech last month, referring broadly to the need to improve road safety. So to try to change a distinctly modern behavior, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back to an old approach: They want to treat distracted driving like drunk driving.
An idea from lawmakers in New York is to give police officers a new device called the Textalyzer. It would work like this: An officer arriving at the scene of a crash could ask for the phones of the drivers and use the Textalyzer to check in the operating system for recent activity. The technology could determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York’s hands free driving laws.
“We need something on the books that can change people’s behavior,” said Félix W. Ortiz, who pushed for the state’s 2001 ban on hand held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said, “people are going to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone.”
What is a suitable title for the text
A. To Drive or Not to Drive Think Before You Start B. Texting and Driving Watch Out for the Textalyzer
C. New York Banning Hand Held Devices by Drivers D. The Next Generation Cell Phone: The Textalyzer
.
2020·全国II·B
说明文找主题
科学研究妥妥地
Some parents will buy any high tech toy if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math related skills.
Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathematics development in young children at the University of Chicago, found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills. Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition (认知) after controlling for differences in parents’ income, education and the amount of parent talk, Levine said.
The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age.
　　“The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not, on tasks that assessed their ability to rotate (旋转) and translate shapes,” Levine said in a statement.
The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would, and about half of children in the study played with puzzles at one time. Higher income parents tended to have children play with puzzles more frequently, and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills. However, boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls, and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more active during puzzle play than parents of girls.
The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science.
What is the text mainly about
A. A mathematical method. B. A scientific study. C. A woman psychologist. D. A teaching program.
.
2022·全国甲·D
开头引入话题
结构定段落大意
Sometime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discovered its harbor. Then, one after another, Sydney discovered lots of things that were just sort of there — broad parks, superb beaches, and a culturally diverse population. But it is the harbor that makes the city.
Andrew Reynolds, a cheerful fellow in his early 30s, pilots Sydney ferryboats for a living. I spent the whole morning shuttling back and forth across the harbor. After our third run Andrew shut down the engine, and we went our separate ways — he for a lunch break, I to explore the city.
What is the first paragraph mainly about
A. Sydney’s striking architecture. B. The cultural diversity of Sydney.
C. The key to Sydney’s development. D. Sydney’s tourist attractions in the 1960s.
.
.
主旨大意题
巩固练习
高考题 2篇
模拟题 2篇
(参见学案)
词句猜测题
逻辑关系看词义
代词上指不质疑
代入法可验通顺
句意吻合看原文
2022·新高考I卷·C　
身份地位透露逻辑关系
There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and the charity has been given financial support to roll it out countrywide.
　　Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said: “Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.”
What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7
A. Improve. B. Oppose. C. Begin. D. Evaluate.
.
.
.
2022·新高考II卷·B　
代词上指，故第一段中找线索
对比关系显含义
We journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia tools. Many young people don’t even realize it’s new. For them, it’s just normal.
This hit home for me as I was sitting with my 2 year old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday. I had brought a children’s book to read. It had simple words and colorful pictures—a perfect match for his age.
Picture this: my grandson sitting on my lap as I hold the book in front so he can see the pictures. As I read, he reaches out and pokes (戳) the page with his finger.
What do the underlined words “hit home for me” mean in paragraph 2
A. Provided shelter for me. B. Became very clear to me.
C. Took the pressure off me. D. Worked quite well on me.
.
2021·全国甲卷·C　
上观下瞻看吻合
均为赞美词汇故选B
Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing. I loved it. I soon made friends with the local skaters. We spoke our own language. And my favorite: Safe. Safe meant cool. It meant hello. It meant don’t worry about it. Once, when trying a certain trick on the beam (横杆), I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came over, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards loud, shouting: “Safe! Safe! Safe!” And that’s what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater.
What do the underlined words “Safe! Safe! Safe!” probably mean
A. Be careful! B. Well done! C. No way! D. Don’t worry!
.
.
阅读理解高分不是梦！
出题顺序即文章顺序 选项一旦选定不轻改
先题后文定出处 同义转述考查多
key words 结构抓主旨
逻辑关系定猜测 代入法验证最有效
高考加油！
高考加油！