高考英语语法填空指导-判断词形转换的5种技法学案（含答案）

专攻解题方法与技巧
英语语法填空指导-判断词形转换的5种技法
技法1　提示词为动词的词形转换
提示词为动词，如果既不是谓语动词，也不是非谓语动词，则考虑动词词形转换。动词是转换成名词还是形容词，则根据句式结构以及空处所作成分进一步分析。
1.动词转换为名词
(1)v.＋-ion/-tion/-ation/-sion转换为名词，表示“状态或行为”
celebrate→celebration　　　庆祝
compete→competition 比赛
pollute→pollution 污染
educate→education 教育
possess→possession 拥有
(2)v.＋-ment转换为名词，表示“行为或结果”
develop→development 发展
announce→announcement 宣布
argue→argument 争论；论据
encourage→encouragement 鼓励
(3)v.＋-r/-er/-or转换为名词，表示“人”
perform→performer 表演者
settle→settler 移民者
educate→educator 教育家
direct→director 导演
visit→visitor 访问者
1.(2022·全国甲卷)Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental ____________ (protect)．
2．(2022·1月浙江高考)When the answer was no, she declined the ________ (invite)．
3．(2022·连云港市考前模拟一)We don't have enough resources allocated to our educational sector and the little ____________ (allocate) to the sector is not well managed.
4．(2022·武汉市模拟一)Meanwhile, a big tourism company said its rural tourism business has shown significant potential for future ____________ (grow) in the recent three years.
5．(2022·茂名市五校联盟第三次联考)After experiencing her older sister's ____________(die) and her parents' divorce, she is determined to stay alive for the sake of her broken family.
(4)v.＋-ure转换为名词
fail→failure; mix→mixture；
press→pressure; depart→departure
(5)后缀-th结尾的名词
grow→growth; die→death
deep→depth; wide→width
warm→warmth; true→truth
(6)后缀-ance/-ence结尾的名词
exist→existence; guide→guidance
(7)后缀-al结尾的名词
arrive→arrival; approve→approval;
survive→survival
6.(2022·石家庄市第二中学考前模拟)There is still no convincing ____________ (explain) for the origin of FRB in the international scientific community at present.
7．(2022·河北省模拟演练三)She provided medical ________ (equip), clean water and fruits. With this work the death rate decreased to 2.2%.
8．(2022·滨州市二模)In the end, a Mediterranean diet is part of the factors contributing to our physical health, but it takes ____________ (commit) to make them happen.
2.动词转换为形容词
(1)v.＋-able转换为形容词
accept→acceptable　　　可接受的
adapt→adaptable 能适应的
adjust→adjustable 可调节的
afford→affordable 负担得起的
(2)v.＋-ed/-ing转换为形容词
confuse→confused 感到困惑的
worry→worried 担心的
excite→exciting 令人激动的；令人兴奋的
(3)v.＋-ive转换为形容词
impress→impressive 给人深刻印象的
instruct→instructive 有教育意义的
(4)v.＋-ful/-less转换为形容词
doubt→doubtful 怀疑的
forget→forgetful 健忘的
thank→thankful 感激的
hope→hopeless 不抱希望的
9.(2021·新高考Ⅱ卷)I told him how ________ (harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options.
10．(2022·福建省高三下学期诊断)This morning, a ________ (cheer) lion dance troupe (剧团) drove slowly past my local wet market.
11．(2022·广州市综合测试一)But the most __________ (value) experience of all was discovering a new sense of independence, she said.
12．(2022·深圳市第一次调研)Crows have long been observed for their various ____________(amaze) displays of intelligence.
13．(2022·沈阳二中模拟二)Some American scholars thought China could hardly realize food-sufficiency because of the ____________ (limit) water resources, decrease of agricultural land due to industrial expansion and the fast population growth.
1．protection　考查词形转换。分析句子成分可知，设空处作动词promote的宾语，空前有形容词environmental修饰，空处应用名词。
2．invitation　考查词形转换。空处作declined的宾语，应用名词形式，故填invitation。
3．allocation　考查词形转换。根据语境可知，此处表示“分配给教育部门的资源没有得到很好的管理”，空处应用名词allocation作and之后句子的主语。
4．growth　考查词形转换。分析句子结构可知，空处需用名词，作介词for的宾语，故填growth。
5．death　考查词形转换。sister's后应用名词形式，die的名词是death。
6．explanation　考查词形转换。形容词修饰名词，故填explanation。
7．equipment　考查词形转换。分析句子成分可知，设空处作动词provide的宾语，应用名词形式，故填equipment。
8．commitment　考查词形转换。take commitment to do sth意为“承诺做某事”，为固定用法，故填commitment。
9．harmful　考查词形转换。根据语境可知，此处表示“我告诉他塑料对环境的危害”，空处应用形容词，表示“有害的”。
10．cheerful　考查词形转换。此处应用形容词修饰名词短语lion dance troupe，故填cheerful。
11．valuable　考查词形转换。此处修饰名词experience，应用形容词。
12．amazing　考查词形转换。根据空前的their various可知，空处应用形容词修饰名词displays。
13．limited　考查词形转换。分析句子结构可知，设空处前有定冠词the，后有名词短语，因此设空处应用形容词。
技法2　提示词为名词的词形转换
1.名词的单复数
若提示词名词有以下情况时要考虑名词的复数：
(1)有数词或these、 those、 several、 few、 many、 all、 both、 various、 different等词修饰时，用名词的复数形式；
(2)名词前有one of时，用名词的复数形式；
(3)若谓语动词是复数形式，则空处应用名词的复数形式。 1.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The GPNP's main goal is to improve connectivity between separate ________ (population) and homes of giant pandas, and eventually achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
2．(2022·厦门市第四次质量检测)In addition to books, many libraries also offer digital ____________ (copy) of books, audiobooks, movies, and more through Internet platforms.
3．(2022·保定市联考)China's online literature has grown in popularity over the last two ____________ (decade).
2.名词变复数的规则
(1)大部分单数可数名词变为复数一般直接加s；如果是以ch、 sh、 s、 x等结尾的单词，则一般加es：trees、 bikes、 books、 buses、 watches、 boxes、 bushes；
(2)辅音字母＋y结尾的单词，变y为i再加es；但元音字母＋y结尾的单词，则直接加s：babies、 families、 boys、 plays；
(3)以o结尾的单词除了两人(negro、 hero)、两菜(tomato、 potato)加es外，其余一般加s：radios、 photos；
(4)以f或fe结尾的单词，通常变f、 fe为v再加es：wives、 knives、 wolves；
(5)特殊变化：man→men、 woman→women、 tooth→teeth、 foot→feet、 child→children、 mouse→mice；
(6)单复数同形： Chinese、 Japanese、 people、 sheep、 deer、 fish。
4.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we ________ (human) are.
5．(2022·淄博市二模)Many legends and stories lie behind its red walls and under the golden ____________ (roof).
6．(2022·郴州市第一次监测)It is widely considered that these social ____________ (policy) will definitely improve the well-being of Chinese children.
7．(2022·重庆市名校联盟第一次联考)The project was completed so quickly because the workers had been arranged into seven units to undertake different ____________ (task) at the same time.
8．(2022·济宁市高考模拟)Hopefully, the cute, witty, hi-tech Bing Dwen Dwen can become a classic and countless lasting ____________ (memory) will stick in Olympic history.
9．(2022·辽宁省协作体第一次模拟)“Making coins was one of the greatest financial ____________ (activity) in human history，” said researchers, adding that it allowed wealth to be traded easily.
3.名词转换为形容词
提示词为名词，如果作定语修饰后面的名词时，则一般考查名词变形容词。注意名词变形容词的后缀：
(1)n.＋-able
honor→honorable　　可敬的
(2)n.＋-al
nature→natural 自然的；天生的
music→musical 音乐的；悦耳的
(3)n.＋-ful
colour→colourful 颜色鲜艳的
meaning→meaningful有意义的
(4)n.＋-en：wood→wooden 木质的
(5)n.＋-y：wealth→wealthy 富有的
10.(2021·全国乙卷)Provide ________ (finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples.
11．(2022·鞍山市第二次质量监测)There were no stars, no celebrities or ____________ (profession) performers, we wanted to present a modern China and the lives of ordinary Chinese people.
12．(2022·苏锡常镇四市调研一)Since many of the ____________ (origin) features of the garden have been preserved, the garden has a high historical and artistic value.
13．(2022·郴州市第一次监测)A lot of problems are associated with overusing our digital devices, from eye health and issues of mental health to addiction and ____________ (education) difficulties.
4.名词的所有格
提示词与其后的名词是所属关系， 应考虑名词的所有格。
(1)单数名词和不以-s结尾的复数名词通常在词尾加's；
(2)以-s或-es结尾的复数名词，通常在词尾加'。
14.(2022·南通市第三次调研)It was a good opportunity for me to experience the ____________ (nation) diverse customs and traditions.
15．(2022·湖南师大附中模拟二)Unlike older generations who might favor Western culture and brands，Chinese youth were born and raised when the ____________ (country) economy was taking off, so they tend to have strong confidence in their national identity and culture.
16．(2022·华中师大一附中考前测试)Compared with the class nine years ago, this ____________ (year) lecture was greatly different.
1．populations　考查名词复数。population在这里表示“种群”，是可数名词，由空前的separate可知，应用其复数形式。
2．copies　考查名词复数。根据空后的of books可知，此处是指许多数字拷贝，copy为可数名词，应用其复数形式。
3．decades　考查名词复数。decade为可数名词，且空前有two修饰，应用名词的复数形式，故填decades。
4．humans　考查名词复数。本空作宾语从句主语we的同位语，应用名词的复数形式，故填humans。
5．roofs　考查名词复数。roof为可数名词，此处表示的数量大于一，应用复数形式。
6．policies　考查名词复数。根据these可知，此处应用可数名词的复数形式。
7．tasks　考查名词复数。根据different可知，此处表示不止一项任务，应用task的复数形式。
8．memories　考查名词复数。memory为可数名词，且由countless修饰，应用其复数形式。
9．activities　考查名词复数。activity为可数名词，此处为“one of＋形容词最高级＋可数名词的复数形式”。
10．financial　考查词形转换。根据空后的名词aid可知，应用形容词作定语。
11．professional　考查词形转换。形容词修饰名词作定语，结合空后的名词performers可知，此处应用形容词。
12．original　考查词形转换。根据空后的名词features可知，应用形容词作定语。
13．educational　考查词形转换。根据空后的名词difficulties可知，此处应用形容词作定语。
14．nation's　考查词形转换。根据语境可知，句子表示“体验这个国家多样化的习俗和传统”，空处表示“国家的”，故填nation's。
15．country's　考查词形转换。此处用名词所有格修饰后面的名词economy，故填country's。
16．year's　考查词形转换。分析句子结构可知，名词year和名词lecture存在所属关系，应用名词所有格，故填year's。
技法3　提示词为形容词、副词的词形转换
1.形容词、副词的词形转换
(1)分析句子结构发现提示词是形容词且需要改变词性时，应考虑用派生的副词或名词；
(2)若空处作定语、表语则应考虑用形容词形式；
(3)若空处修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，则应考虑用副词形式；
(4)若空处在介词后，应考虑用名词作宾语。
1.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The GPNP's main goal is to improve connectivity between separate populations and homes of giant pandas, and ____________ (eventual) achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
2．(2022·全国乙卷)As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the largest tea-producing country, China has a ____________ (responsible) to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.
3．(2022·淄博市二模)Covering some 720，000 square meters and ____________ (official) known as the Palace Museum, it was home to royal families of the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
4．(2022·辽宁省高三联考)These days, doctors are using a new approach to healing, which is called tapping. This approach combines ____________ (wise) from Chinese medicine with talk therapy (治疗).
2.形容词变副词的规则
(1)以-e结尾的形容词一般不去e，直接加-ly：immediate→immediately, brave→bravely。
(2)一些以-e结尾的形容词去e加-(l)y：true→truly, simple→simply, gentle→gently, possible→possibly。
(3)“辅音字母＋-y”结尾，变y为i，再加-ly：happy→happily, easy→easily。
(4)以-ic结尾的形容词加-ally：economic→economically, basic→basically。
5.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb.It will ________ (undoubted) help you get refreshed!
6．(2022·连云港市第二次调研)This is especially true in countries where traditional medicines are ____________ (wide) used.
7．(2022·抚顺市高三模拟)China has expressed an ambition to land people on the moon and ____________ (possible) build a scientific base there.
8．(2022·泉州市质量监测二)______ (similar)，instead of learning knowledge inside the classroom, students should be encouraged to take adventure outside and visit places where they can witness the development of their hometown.
3.形容词、副词转换为比较级、最高级
(1)利用标志词确定比较等级
①题目中有much、 far、 still、 even、 rather、 a little、 a bit、 a lot、 a great deal、 than等标志性词汇时用比较级；
②空后有表示范围的标志词in、 of、 among等时用最高级；
③空前有one of the等修饰词时，用最高级。
(2)利用固定句型
“the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”表示“越……，就越……”。
(3)利用隐含信息判断
句中虽没有标志词，但暗含比较，也需要用比较级或最高级。
9.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the ________ (hot) the spring!
10．(2022·威海市高考模拟)As the benefits of space exploration and innovation become ____________ (well) known, increasingly more countries and non-governmental entities are interested in engaging in exploration and innovation.
11．(2022·连云港市模拟二)The Svalbard Global Seed Vault, which preserves almost one million seed samples, has one of the ____________ (large) collections.
12．(2022·大连市二模)But Japan, who lacked its own mineral resources, took the theme of a sustainable (可持续的) future ____________ (seriously) than others.
1．eventually　考查词形转换。该空修饰动词achieve，应用所给词的副词形式，故填eventually。
2．responsibility　考查词形转换。根据空前的不定冠词a可知，此处应用名词的单数形式，故填responsibility。
3．officially　考查词形转换。空处修饰known，应用副词officially，作状语。
4．wisdom　考查词形转换。空处应用名词作combine的宾语，wise的名词形式是wisdom，是不可数名词，意为“智慧”。
5．undoubtedly　考查词形转换。分析句子结构可知，空处作状语，修饰动词help，故填undoubtedly。
6．widely　考查词形转换。根据语境并分析句子结构可知，此处用副词widely，作状语，修饰used。
7．possibly　考查词形转换。修饰动词build应用副词。
8．Similarly　考查词形转换。分析句子结构可知，设空处位于句首，应用副词修饰整个句子作状语，故填Similarly。
9．hotter　考查形容词的比较级。根据语境可知，气温越低，温泉就越热。本空所在句使用了“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”结构，表示“越……，就越……”，故填hot的比较级hotter。
10．better　考查副词的比较级。根据语境可知，空间探索和创新的好处更加为人所知，所以更多的国家和非政府组织对其感兴趣，空处应用副词的比较级。
11．largest　考查形容词的最高级。分析句子结构可知，此处为“one of＋形容词的最高级＋可数名词复数”结构，所以空处应用形容词的最高级。
12．more seriously　考查副词的比较级。根据空后的than others可知，应用副词seriously的比较级形式，在其前加more。
技法4　提示词为代词的词形转换
　　提示词为代词，当句子缺少主语、宾语、定语或表语时，一般填代词；确定填代词之后，再看空处所填代词是否与上文提到的人或物有指代关系。具体方法如下：
(1)分析句子结构发现提示词作主语，应考虑人称代词的主格形式；
(2)分析句子结构发现提示词作宾语，应考虑人称代词的宾格形式；
(3)分析句子结构发现提示词作定语，应考虑形容词性物主代词；
(4)分析句子结构发现提示词作动词或介词的宾语，且和主语是同一人时，应考虑反身代词。
1.(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”， and it will always stick in the visitor's memory.It sure does in ________ (I)．
2．(2022·泰安市全真模拟)At the waterside or on the mountains, the seniors find ____________ (they) in harmony with nature.
3．(2022·聊城市二模)Now, researchers from Canada's University of Guelph insist that cats also express emotions on their faces — one just has to learn how to interpret ____________ (they)!
4．(2022·辽宁省模拟)But now, for the first time in conservation history, ____________ (they) numbers are on the increase.
5．(2022·湖南省名校联考模拟一)But at least 70% of stars in the universe are red dwarfs, the tiniest and coolest ____________(one) out there.
1．mine　考查代词。空处与上文的it will always stick in the visitor's memory相呼应，表示It sure sticks in my memory，故填名词性物主代词mine。
2．themselves　考查代词。当主语和宾语一致时，应用反身代词作宾语，they的反身代词是themselves。
3．them　考查代词。空处作interpret的宾语，指代上文的emotions，应用them。
4．their　考查代词。numbers和they之间是所属关系，因此空处应用形容词性物主代词their修饰名词numbers。
5．ones　考查代词。空处指代“70%的恒星中最小的和温度最低的那些”，应用复数形式ones，表示泛指。
一、人称代词、物主代词和反身代词一览表
人称类别　　　　　　　 单数 复数
第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
人称代词 主格 I you he/she/it we you they
宾格 me you him/her/it us you them
物主代词 形容词性 my your his/her/its our your their
名词性 mine yours his/hers/its ours yours theirs
反身代词 myself yourself himself/herself/itself ourselves yourselves themselves
二、牢记代词的句法功能
1．作主语：人称代词主格。
2．作宾语/表语：人称代词宾格和名词性物主代词。
3．作定语：形容词性物主代词。
4．如果宾语与主语是指同一人，用反身代词。
5．填it的情况：作形式主语或形式宾语；指代前面提到的同一个事物或情况。
6．that、 those作替代词，用来代替已提到的名词，以避免重复。
技法5　提示词为数词的词形转换
1.基数词变序数词
(1)一般由基数词加-th构成：
six→sixth　　seven→seventh
ten→tenth hundred→hundredth
(2)以y结尾的基数词，先把y变为ie，再加-th：
twenty→twentieth　thirty→thirtieth
(3)不规则变化：
one→first two→second
three→third five→fifth
eight→eighth nine→ninth
twelve→twelfth
1.(2021·新高考Ⅱ卷) I've always loved the ocean.In the ____________ (seven) grade, I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California.
2．(2022·厦门市第二次质量检测)This year, Remila spent her ____________ (five) Spring Festival aboard the carrier.
3．(2022·青岛市一模)China beat South Korea 3－2 from two goals down in the dramatic final of the AFC Women's Asian Cup on Sunday night, winning the championship for the ____________ (nine) time 16 years later.
4．(2022·湖南省百所学校联考)The junk floats around ________ (hundred) of kilometers above the earth. Experts say the main worry is that such debris will hit a space station, satellite or other equipment.
2.年龄、年代表达法
(1)表达“在某人几十多岁”时，用“in one's＋整十基数词的复数”，如：in one's fifties 在某人五十多岁时；
(2)表达“在几十年代时”，用“in the＋整十基数词的复数”，如：in the thirties 在三十年代。
5.It is known to all that there were two world wars in the ____________ (twenty) century, which greatly changed the world situation.
6．(2022·杭州市二模)There I met a gentleman by the name of Kurien in his late ____________ (eighty).
7．Back in the ____________ (ninety), he would remain at the zoo for almost three months to stay with the pandas during the breeding season.
8．Xu Yuanchong was one of the greatest translators in China, who devoted himself to translating Chinese poems in his ____________ (seventy).
1．seventh　考查数词。设空处表示“七年级”，应用序数词形式。
2．fifth　考查数词。根据语境可知，此处表示“第五个春节”，应用序数词形式。
3．ninth　考查序数词。根据语境可知，此处表示第九次，应用序数词形式。
4．hundreds　考查数词。hundreds of为固定短语，意为“数以百计的”。
5．twentieth　考查数词。这里表示“20世纪”，也就是“第20个世纪”，应用序数词。
6．eighties　考查数词。in one's late eighties 表示“在某人快九十岁时”。
7．nineties　考查数词。in the nineties 意为“在九十年代”。
8．seventies　考查数词。这里表示许渊冲先生在70多岁时还在翻译中国古诗词。in his seventies表示“在他70多岁时”。
Test 1
(2022·沈阳市教学质量检测一)Many scientists believe our love of sugar may actually be an addiction.When we eat or drink something containing sugar, the sugar enters our blood and affects parts of our brain that make us feel good.Then the good feeling goes away, __1__ (leave) us wanting more.All __2__ (taste) foods do this, but sugar has a particularly strong effect.In this way, it is in fact an addictive drug, one that doctors recommend we all cut down on.
Our bodies __3__ (design) to survive on very little sugar.Early humans often had very little food, so our bodies learned to be very efficient in storing sugar as fat.In this way, we had energy __4__ (store) for when there was no food.But today, most people have more than enough.So __5__ very thing that once saved us may now be killing us.
So what is the __6__ (solve)？It's obvious that we need to eat less sugar.The trouble is, in today's world, it's extremely difficult to avoid.From breakfast cereals __7__ after-dinner desserts, our foods are increasingly filled with it.Some manufacturers even use sugar to replace tastes in foods that are advertised as low in fat.
But there are people and organizations __8__ are fighting back against sugar.Many schools are replacing sugary desserts with healthier options like fruit.Other schools __9__ (grow) their own food in gardens, or building __10__ (facility) like walking tracks so students and others in the community can exercise.The battle has not yet been lost.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，喜欢吃糖实际上是对糖的上瘾。这种习惯严重影响着身体健康。为消除这种影响，一些学校正在用水果等作零食代替含糖甜品。
1．leaving　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，设空处作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果，应用动词-ing形式。
2．tasty　考查词形转换。本空后面是名词foods，应用形容词修饰名词。
3．are designed　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。主语和动词design之间为动宾关系，应用被动语态；主语Our bodies是复数，谓语动词应用复数；该句陈述的是一般规律，应用一般现在时。
4．stored　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，该句使用了have sth done结构；名词energy和store之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词作have的宾语补足语。
5．the　考查冠词。根据空后的定语从句可知，该处表示特指，应用定冠词。
6．solution　考查词形转换。根据定冠词the可知，这里应用名词形式。
7．to　考查介词。from ...to ...为固定搭配，表示“从……到……”。
8．that　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，指代先行词people and organizations，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词引导该定语从句。当定语从句中有两个先行词，一个指人，一个指物时，关系词只能用that。
9．are growing　考查时态和主谓一致。根据上句中的are replacing可知，该句也应用现在进行时，表示正在发生的动作；主语为复数，谓语动词应用复数。
10．facilities　考查名词的单复数。根据like walking tracks并结合常识可知，学校在校园里建诸如跑道等体育设施。体育设施有许多，应用复数形式。
Test 2
(2022·高三名校联考信息优化卷)China is __1__ (wide) known for its ancient civilization which has continued all the way through into modern times, despite the ups and downs in __2__ (it) history. There are many reasons why this has been possible, __3__ one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system.
At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture-based language.It __4__ (date) back several thousand years to the use of longgu — animal bones and __5__ (shell) on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people.Some of the ancient symbols can still be seen in today's hanzi.
By the Shang Dynasty (1600－1046 BCE), these symbols had become a well-developed writing system.Over the years, the system developed into different forms, as it was a time when people were divided geographically, __6__ (lead) to many varieties of dialects and characters.This, however, changed under Emperor Qin Shihuang of the Qin Dynasty (221－207 BCE)．
Written Chinese has become an important means by which China's present is connected with its past.People in modern times can read the classic works which __7__ (write) by Chinese in ancient times.The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the __8__ (develop) of Chinese characters as an art form, known as Chinese calligraphy, __9__ has become an important part of Chinese culture.
Today, as China plays a greater role in global affairs, __10__ increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China's culture and history through the amazing language.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了汉字的演变和发展历史：从甲骨文到商朝的不同汉字形式，再到现代汉字。
1．widely　考查副词。副词修饰动词，设空处修饰谓语动词，应用副词形式。
2．its　考查代词。设空处和后面的名词history是所属关系，应用形容词性物主代词its。
3．but　考查连词。根据语境可知，此处为转折关系，故填but。
4．dates　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。该句陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时；该句主语it和date之间是主谓关系；该句主语为it，是第三人称单数。故填dates。
5．shells　考查名词的单复数。shell为可数名词，根据句中的bones及常识可知，设空处与此对应，应用复数形式。
6．leading　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，设空处为非谓语动词作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果，应用动词-ing形式。
7．were written　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。which引导定语从句，指代the classic works。先行词为复数形式；关系词和动词write之间为动宾关系，应用被动语态；根据in ancient times可知，该处陈述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填were written。
8．development　考查名词。根据定冠词the可知，设空处应用名词形式。
9．which　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，指代先行词Chinese calligraphy，故填which。
10．an　考查冠词。a number of为固定搭配，意为“许多”，应用不定冠词，且increasing的读音以元音音素开头，故填an。