高考英语同位语从句（Appositive Clauses）学案（含答案）

专攻解题方法与技巧
同位语从句（Appositive Clauses）
一、 概念
1. 同位语：紧跟在名词或代词之后，用于说明该名词或代词是何人、何物的词语叫做同位语。
We Chinese love our country. 我们中国人热爱我们的祖国。
主语 同位语
I, the youngest son in the family, am often taken good care of.
作为年纪最小的儿子的我经常受到最好的照顾。
This word, dyeing, is often misspelled. Dyeing这个单词经常被拼错。
【活学活用】
① 我们学生应该努力学习。__________________________________________________
② 这是我的名字，Tony。___________________________________________
2. 同位语从句：在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。
We came to the decision that we must act at once. 我们做出决定：我们必须立即行动。
I have small doubt whether he is suitable for the job. 他是否适合这件工作我有点怀疑。
二. 同位语从句的功能及引导词
1. 同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，置于某些抽象名词之后。换言之，同位语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上为同一关系，对其内容作进一步说明。常见的名词有：fact（事实），idea（想法），news（新闻），belief（信念），message（信息），proposal（建议），proposition（建议），evidence（证据），proof（证据），possibility（可能性），suggestion（建议）等。
The news that he will leave for Shanghai is true.他将要去上海的消息是真的。
　 The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.
命令士兵纹丝不动站在原地是将军发出的。
2. 引导同位语从句的词通有连词that，whether，连接副词how, when, where等。（注：if和which不能引导同位语从句。）例如：
⑴ 如同位语从句意义完整，应用that引导同位语从句。（即that不充当任何成分，只起连接作用，但不可省略）
　 The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once.
将军下达了战士们立即过河的命令。
【活学活用】翻译
① 你在哪儿听说我不能来？__________________________________________________
② 李先生将是我们的新英语老师这个消息是真的。_______________________________________________________________
⑵ 如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加“是否”的含义，用whether引导同位语从句。（注：if不能引导同位语从句）
Li asked me the question whether the novel was worth reading.
李问我这小说是否值得读。
【活学活用】翻译
① 我们将讨论运动会是否会如期举行的问题。___________________________________________________________
② 我不知道他是否回来。________________________________________
⑶ 如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加“什么时候”、“什么地点”、“什么方式”等含义，用when, where, how等词引导同位语从句。
I have no idea when he will be back. 我不知道他什么时候回来。
I have no impression how he went home, perhaps by bike.
他是怎么回家的，我没有什么印象，也许是骑自行车回家的。
We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.
到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。
【活学活用】翻译
① 我不知道他何时会离开。______________________________________________
② 他们如何克服困难的，我没有印象。________________________________________
③ 她提出这个问题：我们到哪儿去搞这笔资金。
________________________________________________________
三、注意事项
1. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别
（1）从意义上看：同位语从句所表达的内容与作为中心词的名词短语所表达的内容可以划上一个等号。例如：
He heard the news that his team had won. (the news= his team had won)
He came to the decision that he must act at once. (the decision =he must act at once)
★★★或者说，同位语从句可以变为中心词的表语从句，而定语从句则不能：
① He came to the decision that he must act at once.
→ The decision was that he must act at once.
中心词 表语从句
　 ② The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true.
→The news was that we are having a holiday tomorrow.
中心词 表语从句
▲对比：
The news that appeared in the papers this morning was well received. (此句为定语从句，the news ≠that appeared in the papers this morning，也不能变成中心词的表语从句：The news was that appeared in the papers this morning。（×）)
（2）从that从句的语法功能上看：定语从句中的that是属于关系代词既代替先行词，同时可以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分，但也不能省略。
★试比较：
①The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.
（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）
②The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.
（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）
（3）从充当中心词的名词特点上看：充当定语从句的中心词的名词是无限的，而充当同位语从句的的中心词只是有限的一些表示概括意义的抽象名词如：fact（事实），idea（想法），news（新闻），belief（信念），message（信息），proposal(建议),proposition(建议)，evidence（证据），proof（证据），possibility（可能性），suggestion（建议）等。
★ 试比较：
He put forward the suggestion that the third question should be discussed first.
他提出这么个建议：第三个问题应先予讨论。（同位语从句）
The suggestion that he had put forward was turned down.
他提出的这个建议被否决了。（定语从句）
【活学活用】请填上恰当的关系代词或连词并辨别属于是定语从句还是同位语从句。
① The news ________ l have passed the exam is true．
② The news ________ he told me just now is true．
③ The idea ________ computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.
④ The idea ________ he gave surprises many people．
2. 隔裂同位语从句
　 同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开，尤其是当主句的谓语较短，而同位语从句较长时，同位语从句常后置。例如：
Several years later, word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them．
几年以后，有消息传来说拿破仑要亲自视 察他们。
（that引导的从句太长，放在句末。谓语动词came提前word和同位语从句隔开。）
The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city．
他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。
【活学活用】
① 几年以后，消息传来说他已经出国了。_____________________________________________
② 他突然想起可能是自己在回家的路上把钱包弄丢的。
__________________________________________________________________
3. who和when, where, why, how等既能引导定语从句（作关系代词或副词）又能引导同位语从句（作连接代词或副词）。试比较：
The news when the minister will come to the meeting is not announced yet.
部长何时来开会这个消息尚未宣布。（同位语从句）
Do you still remember the day when you joined the League
你还记得你入团是在哪一天吗？（定语从句）
4. 一些表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词后所跟的同位语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气“should+动词原形”表示。should可省。如：
This is our suggestion that this (should) work hard as soon as possible.
这就是我们的建议：尽快努力学习。
【活学活用】翻译
① 这就是我们唯一的请求：尽快解决这个问题。
_______________________________________________________________
② 这是我的建议：为了学好英语我们应该多做练习。
________________________________________________________________
【巩固练习】
Ⅰ. 用适当的连接词填空。
1. I have no idea ________ he will be back.
2. I have no impression ________ he got there, perhaps by bike.
3. Information has been put forward________ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.　　　
　→It is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities，this is the information ________ has been put forward.
4. I insisted upon an answer to my question ________ he was coming or not.
5. Word came ________I was wanted at the office.
6. They were all very much worried over the fact ________ you were sick.
7. We are not looking into the question ________ he is worth trusting.
8. I made a promise ________ if anyone set me free I would make him very rich.
9. I have no idea ________has happened to him.
10. I’ve come from Mr. Wang with a message ________he won’t be able to see you this afternoon．
Ⅱ.选择题。
1. The fact ____ she works hard is well-known to us all.
A. that B. what C. why D. which
2. He asks me a question ____ he should go to Guangzhou.
A. that B. what C. why D. how
3. ____ troubles me is ____I can’t learn all these English sentences by heart.
A. What, that B. What, what C. That, what D. Which, that
4. That is ____ Luxun once lived
A. what B. where C. that D. why
5. My father gave me a suggestion ____ the university.
A. that I go to B. that I must go to
C. that I went to D. that I would go to
6. The news ____ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly.
　 A. what B. that C. why D. when
7. I have no idea ____ he will start.
　 A. when B. that C. what D./
8. I've come from the government with a message ____ the meeting won't be held tomorrow.
　A. if B. that C. whether D. which
9. The order ____ the prisoner be set free arrived too late.
　A. which B. whether C. that D. what
10. He often asked me the question ____ the work was worth doing.
　 A. whether B. where C. that D. when
用适当的连接词填空：
It worried her a bit _____ her hair was turning gray.
2.I have no idea _____ we can do with these waste materials.
3.____the doctor really doubts is ____ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.
4.It is hoped ____ nature will never be destroyed.
5.____do you guess will give a talk on English tomorrow
6.-- I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
-- Is that ____ you had a few days off
7. Word came ____ I was wanted at the office.
8. Do you know ____of them will be our new headmaster
9. The teacher didn’t tell me ____we were wrong.
10. It’s generally considered unwise to give a child ____he or she wants.
B.单项选择
It was true _____ Alice did surprised her mother.
A. that B. what C. that, what D. what, that
2. Does ____matter much ____he can’t come to the meeting.
A. it, if B. that, if C. it, whether D. this, whether
3.--What are you anxious about
-- ____
A. How can we succeed B. Whether we can succeed C. When can we succeed D. That we can succeed
4.The reason ____the little actress has been such a success is ____she is both clever and hard-working.
A. why, why B. why, that C. that, because D. for, because
5. ____leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
A. Who B. Whoever C. Anyone D. The person
6.I really don’t know _____I had this photo taken.
A. where it was that B. it was that C. where it was D. it was why
7. Dr. Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge. I can’t remember ____.
A. where B. there C. which D. that
8.--What do you think of China
--____different life is today from ____it used to be.
A. How, what B. What, what C. How, that D. What, that
9.Give this to ____you think can do the work well.
A. who B. whom C. whoever D. whomever
10.____troubles me is ____I can’t learn all these English idioms by heart.
A. That, that B. What, what C. That, what D. What, that
练 习 二
1. The fact ____ she works hard is well known to us all.
　　A. that B. what C. why D. which
2. The fact ____ he was successful proves his ability.
　　A. that B. what C. which D. why
3. The news ____ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly.
　　A. what B. that C. why D. when
4. His suggestion ____ the meeting be delayed was turned down.
　　A. which B. that C./ D. it
5. I have no idea ____ he will start.
　　A. when B. that C. what D./
6. I've come from the government with a message ____ the meeting won't be held tomorrow.
　　A. if B. that C. whether D. which
7. The thought ____ he might fail in the exam worried him.
　　A. when B. which C. what D. that
8. The order ____ the prisoner be set free arrived too late.
　　A. which B. whether C. that D. what
9. The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patient's fear ____ he would die of the disease.
　　A. that B. as C. of which D. which
10. He often asked me the question ____ the work was worth doing.
A. whether B. where C. that D. when
答案
A. 1. that 2. what 3. what, whether 4. that 5. who 6. why 7. that 8. which 9. where 10. whatever
B. 1—5 CABBB 6—10 ACACD
1-5 AABBA 6-10 BDCAA