高考英语完形填空指导学案（含答案）
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| 名称 | 高考英语完形填空指导学案（含答案） |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-06-05 07:35:17 | ||
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文档简介
专攻解题方法与技巧
英语完形填空指导
一、5大方法速判句内层次题
句内层次题的解题信息分布在本句内，在读懂文意的前提下，利用本句的一些信息凭借语感即可顺利选出答案。对于此类题目，学生可以边读边填，将原文信息尽量复原。
方法(一) 利用生活常识和文化背景解题
生活是一本书，世事洞明皆学问。大部分完形填空试题需要联系上下文解答，而这其中有很多是考查生活常识和文化背景的题。学生在做题时，若能积极地调动自己掌握的文化背景知识和生活常识，巧妙地加以运用，特别是注意中西文化的差异，将会大大简化分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，从而轻松地做出正确的判断。
【典例】 (2022·全国乙卷)
However, we all witness that preschool children are remarkably 42.bad at hiding. They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies 43 .
43.A．exposed B．examined
C.untouched D．imbalanced
解析 根据生活常识及本句中的They often cover only their eyes with their hands可推断，学龄前儿童在捉迷藏时只用手遮住他们自己的眼睛，而身体的其他部分都暴露在外。
自主解答 A
方法(二) 利用对应成分分析法解题
完形填空文章的上下文之间以及句子内部之间往往有着一定的逻辑关系，它使句子的各个成分之间形成一定的对应关系。学生可以根据这种逻辑关系找出与未知填空相对应的已知成分，将它作为线索，从而推断出未知填空的答案。
【典例】 (2022·全国乙卷)
We brought young children aged 2－4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC. Each 47.child sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or 48.ears. We then asked the child if she could 49 or hear the adult.
49.A．see B．help
C.reach D．fool
解析 We then asked the child if she could the adult.
从上述分析可以看出，第49题所填词应与or后面的hear形成对应关系。因为有or这一并列连词，且上句中的eyes or 48.ears与 49 or hear恰好相呼应，即眼睛能看见，耳朵能听见，由此可知正确选项。
自主解答 A
方法(三) 利用习惯用法及固定搭配解题
解题时通过分析习惯用法、固定搭配等搭配关系和句子结构，进行有效的推理判断，从而选出正确选项。学生在解题时要灵活地运用一些常用的习惯用法、固定搭配，学会分析句子结构。
【典例】 (2022·全国甲卷)
The next week we 47.walked our dogs together. It was a hot day. When we paused to catch our 48 ， Steve got down on one knee. Was he proposing (求婚) I liked him too, but so 49.soon？
48.A．breath B．balance
C.attention D．imagination
解析 根据上文中的It was a hot day.可知，作者和Steve一起去遛狗的那天天气炎热，因此此处表示两人停下来喘口气。catch one's breath为固定搭配，意为“喘口气”。
自主解答 A
方法(四) 利用逻辑关系解题
此方法是通过分析空处上下文与已知信息之间的逻辑关系来确定答案，主要应用于完形填空的两类题型：一是考查连接词和起连接词作用的短语；二是考查上下文的逻辑关系。
【典例】 (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
I tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to our spot. That lasted about ten minutes. He was 44.uncomfortable，and his crying let the whole campground know it. So 45 tying him up, I just kept a close eye on him.
45.A．due to B．instead of
C.apart from D．as for
解析 上文说作者给自己15个月大的孩子系上绳子，孩子因不舒服而哭叫。本空前的连词So表示因果关系，由此可知，为了不让孩子哭，作者不再用绳子拴着他，而是紧盯着他。
自主解答 B
方法(五) 利用语境暗示分析法解题
上下文语境具体体现为全文的中心主线和主题、作者的态度倾向和评价、上下文语篇衔接、句际和段际关系。在句内层次题中，我们通常可以通过上下文语境暗示，即根据已知信息，推导出正确答案。
【典例】 (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
Another time, we rented a boat in Vallecito Lake. The sky was clear when we 47.headed off, but storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly 48 our peaceful morning trip.
48.A．arranged B．interrupted
C.completed D．recorded
解析 根据本空前的storms move in fast in the mountains可推知，这里指突如其来的暴风雨很快打断了作者一家平静的清晨之旅。
自主解答 B
二、4种技巧智取句组层次题
句组层次题是比句内层次题稍难一级的题目，其解题信息分布在空格前后的一组意群之中，解题时需瞻前顾后，综合意群信息解答。即本句信息不足填，空格前后再找信息源。
技巧(一) 利用语义复现解题
复现是一种语义衔接手段，它通过原词、同义词/近义词、反义词、上义词、下义词或同根词等重复出现来表达某一概念，使整篇文章上下连贯，有机地衔接在一起。因此，学生可根据文章的具体情况，理解文章的结构和语境，利用文章中的语义复现来选出正确的答案。
原词复现 【典例】 (2022·全国乙卷)
We brought young children aged 2－4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC. Each 47 sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or 48.ears. We then asked the child if she could 49.see or hear the adult.
47.A．parent B．child
C.researcher D．doctor
解析 根据本段中的We brought young children ...及空后一句中的the child可知，是2到4岁的儿童参加实验，所以此处表示每个“儿童”和一个成年人坐在一起。child与空前一句中的children及空后一句中的child是原词复现。
自主解答 B
同义词复现 【典例】 (2021·3月天津高考)
For most people, having things stolen feels like an offence. Robbie Pruitt admitted that he got 16 when he discovered the theft of his mountain bike last September. But soon enough, his 17.emotions took a turn. After letting go of his anger and frustration, he found himself on a road to sympathy 18.instead．
16.A．amazed B．mad
C．curious D．frightened
解析 根据下文中的After letting go of his anger and frustration, he found himself on a road to sympathy可知，空处和“anger” “frustration”是同义词，由此可知正确选项。
自主解答 B
反义词复现 【典例】 (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
Our 48.roles in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing (糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nose.49.Remove bunny from the belt. This was 50 than it sounds.51.Slow down a bit and the cakes pile up. As I told my parents at dinner that first night, it was all a little more high-pressure than I'd 52.expected．
50.A．harder B．better
C．longer D．cheaper
解析 尽管上文提到了Our 48.roles in the factory were simple，但根据下文中的the cakes pile up和a little more high-pressure可知，要完成一系列任务，稍微慢一点，小兔子蛋糕就会堆积起来，此处表示“这比听起来要艰难多了”。 harder与上文中的simple构成了反义词复现。
自主解答 A
技巧(二) 利用作者的态度或感彩关联解题
在做完形填空题时，我们一定要在快速阅读文章的过程中，仔细找出能够反映作者态度和感彩的重要词汇，它们往往是名词、形容词、副词或动词。这些词汇通常是我们做题时重要的参照线索，可以帮助我们快速确定某些题目的正确答案。
【典例】 (2022·全国甲卷)
You can tell a lot about a man by how he treats his dogs.
For many years, I enjoyed living with my dogs, Tilly and Chance. Their 41 was nearly enough to keep my loneliness at bay.
41．A．ownership B．membership
C．companionship D．leadership 解析 根据第二段中的For many years, I enjoyed living with my dogs, Tilly and Chance.可知，作者这些年来一直很喜欢和她的两只宠物狗生活在一起，两只狗的“陪伴”能让作者远离孤单。
自主解答 C
技巧(三) 利用逻辑关系解题
【典例】 (2022·全国乙卷)
For a long time, this ineffective hiding method was 44.interpreted as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric” (自我中心的) creatures. But our 45 research results in child developmental psychology 46.contradicted that idea.
45．A．disappointing B．mixed
C．surprising D．desired
解析 根据本段第一句可知，这种无效的躲藏方式被理解为(interpreted)儿童是一种完全“以自我为中心”的生物的证据。根据本空前的But可知，前后两句之间是转折关系，此句意为：但是我们在儿童发展心理学方面的研究发现反驳(contradicted)了那个观点，由此推测，研究结果是“令人惊奇的”。
自主解答 C
技巧(四) 利用语境暗示分析法解题
在句组层次题中，有些题目往往也需要通过上下文的语境暗示来解题，即根据已知信息，推导出正确答案。
【典例】 (2022·1月浙江高考)
Ms. Burdeyney talked to some friends who had 39.similar problems and discovered that they were largely suffering in 40 . “Nobody chooses to talk about it because it seems so 41.insignificant，” she said. “But more and more are suffering and lives are being 42.compromised．”
40．A．turn B．peace
C．vain D．silence
解析 根据下文的“Nobody chooses to talk about it because it seems so 41.insignificant，” she said.可知，她发现他们很大程度上都保持沉默，因为他们认为谈论此事似乎是微不足道的。
自主解答 D
三、2种思路解决语篇层次题
语篇层次题是完形填空中难度最高的试题，也是学生的拉分题。此类试题需要阅读全篇，站在整个语篇的角度才能选出正确答案。
思路(一) 利用首尾呼应关系解题
【典例】 (2021·1月浙江高考)
I was sent to the Coronado National Forest for my first 8-day 42 ．We had to 43.carry everything we needed and walk three miles to where we worked.It may not seem like a 44.long way but in 35℃ heat and with a heavy pack, my legs were on fire.
My job was to 45.build a stairway out of rock.This 46.meant climbing up and down the side of a mountain inhabited (栖息) by mountain lions, although I should say they were only heard, never 47.seen.
…
53.Needless to say，I suffered a lot.But I know whatever I have to face in my life I was there and I 54.survived．I think I am much 55.stronger for having taken part in the project.
42．A．tour B．project
C．campaign D．course
完形填空的文章或段落存在首尾呼应的关系，通过结合首段(或首句)和尾段(或尾句)信息，可以更好地解答部分题目。
解析 根据文章末尾的the project可知，本篇文章讲述的是作者某次项目的经历，结合文末信息回到文章开头可知，作者被派去Coronado National Forest是为了一个为期8天的“项目(工程)”。
自主解答 B
叙事类的完形填空往往通过讲述一个故事来传达中心思想或表达立意，作者多采用首尾相呼应的写法，在文章结尾处来升华主题。因此，学生应学会首尾兼顾，结合文章开头、结尾信息解答此类题目。
思路(二) 利用文章发展脉络解题
【典例】 (2022·全国甲卷)
You can tell a lot about a man by how he treats his dogs.
…
The next week we 47.walked our dogs together. It was a hot day. When we paused to catch our 48.breath, Steve got down on one knee. Was he proposing (求婚) I liked him too, but so 49.soon He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs. 50.In that moment，I began to fall for him.
…
A year later, much to my 58.delight, this man produced a little box with a ring and proposed to me. He did not kneel (跪) down, nor did I 59.need him to. That's only for giving 60 to the dogs that brought us together.
60．A．toys B．awards
C．food D．water
叙事型完形填空在行文结构上往往包括：故事开端——发展——高潮——结局等不同情节，学生应梳理文章发展脉络，理清行文结构。
解析 文章首段提出了一个观点：一个人如何对待他的狗，你就能判断这个人。根据下文可知，作者是一位动物爱好者，她的男友Steve也是一位动物爱好者。在两人约会的过程中，Steve喂作者的小狗喝水的一幕深深打动了作者。一年之后，作者欣然接受了Steve的求婚。Steve没有通过下跪的方式向作者求婚，因为作者认为下跪这个动作只是为了给那些让他们走到一起的小狗们“喝水”才做的。
自主解答 D
解题策略 遵循发展脉络，合理思考推理，及时调整思路
上下求索，捕捉关键信息
回头看——关注是否与上文呼应，不留遗憾
关键点——需随机应变，不要一意孤行，更不可胡思乱想
Test 1
Many years ago, the psychologist Walter Mischel conducted an experiment at a preschool on the Stanford University campus. He 1 a group of four-year-old kids around a table with some marshmallows (棉花糖) in the middle.
Mischel told them he had to leave the room for a few minutes. If they could wait until he 2 ， he would give them two marshmallows. If they couldn't wait, then they could have one marshmallow 3 . One marshmallow right now, or two later. That was the 4 . He then left the room.
A few of the kids couldn't resist and ate a marshmallow the 5 he left. Some lasted for a few minutes before they 6 . Others smelled their marshmallows. A few kids were 7 to resist the temptation and wait.
When Mischel got back, he gave those who 8 their well-earned two marshmallows.
The researcher then 9 the lives of each of these kids up through high school. 10 ， those who had resisted eating the marshmallow had done far 11 in school and in life than those who couldn't wait. They were more confident, more popular, and more dependable.
The marshmallow test is one of the most famous psychological experiments ever 12 . Walter Mischel has proven that children's ability to 13 satisfaction when they were young was related to 14 future outcomes. According to Walter Mischel, self-control can be mastered and applied to 15 in everyday life — from weight control to quitting smoking, and making major decisions.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Walter Mischel是斯坦福大学的心理学教授，本文简要介绍了他许多年前进行的享誉世界的棉花糖实验。
1．A．gathered B．separated
C．attracted D．invited
解析：A Walter Mischel教授将一帮四岁的小孩召集到桌子周围。
2．A．returned B．succeeded
C．finished D．abandoned
解析：A 如果孩子们愿意等到Walter Mischel教授回来，他将给每个孩子两颗棉花糖。
3．A．gradually B．eventually
C．regularly D．immediately
解析：D 孩子们面临两种选择，后者是马上就能得到一颗棉花糖。
4．A．plan B．deal
C．concept D．principle
解析：B Walter Mischel教授跟孩子们达成了协议。这里的deal意为“协议”。
5．A．period B．moment
C．hour D．chance
解析：B 教授一离开，有个别孩子就吃掉了自己的棉花糖。
6．A．turned down B．took over
C．gave in D．showed up
解析：C 还有一些孩子坚持了几分钟后也屈服于棉花糖的诱惑。
7．A．determined B．ambitious
C．sensitive D．intelligent
解析：A 有几个小孩决心抵制诱惑，坚持到底。
8．A．made out B．set out
C．gave out D．held out
解析：D Walter Mischel教授回来后，给了这些一直坚持下来的孩子每人两颗棉花糖。
9．A．followed B．entered
C．protected D．involved
解析：A 实验结束后，研究人员继续跟踪调查这些参与实验的孩子们的生活。
10．A．Fortunately B．Surprisingly
C．Hopefully D．Similarly
解析：B 最后，研究人员得到了令人吃惊的结论：比起那些无法抵制棉花糖诱惑的孩子，那些能够抵制棉花糖诱惑的孩子在各方面的表现都要好得多。
11．A．more B．less
C．better D．worse
解析：C 根据下句They were more confident, more popular, and more dependable.可知，能够抵制棉花糖诱惑的孩子无论在学校还是在生活中都表现得更好。
12．A．discovered B．designed
C．conducted D．created
解析：C 可以与experiment搭配的动词有carry out、 conduct、 do、 perform等。
13．A．delay B．avoid
C．forget D．obtain
解析：A 根据上文实验的介绍可知，棉花糖实验的核心是检验孩子们延迟满足(delay satisfaction)的能力。
14．A．temporary B．positive
C．necessary D．steady
解析：B 棉花糖实验证实：一个人年轻时延迟满足的能力会给未来带来积极的影响。
15．A．opportunities B．achievements
C．conditions D．challenges
解析：D 下文列举的减肥、戒烟等都是我们生活中的一些挑战。
Test 2
The children were singing happily in the car. But I was feeling 1 . Just now, the manager told me, despite my impressive 2 ， he wanted to give me no more 3 . He thought the career growth I looked for 4 a full-time employee while I only worked part time because I had to care for my children. The message hit me hard. However, it 5 a change that, in the end, taught me the power of hugging 6 ．
A friend suggested I reach out to senior 7 about chances in other departments. At first, I 8 that idea because I only knew medicine and only wanted to work on it! Then I 9 three other managers in my company. One invited me to develop apps with him. I told him I 10 knew anything about it. He said，“You are smart and willing to work hard. You will 11 it.”
The trust was exactly what I was looking for, but could I really succeed in a new 12 ？ Finally, I decided that taking a chance on the 13 was better than staying in a futureless position.
Then my career path opened up just because of a change that I felt 14 on me. It taught me that when you step out of your 15 zone, you'll find a most creative, productive self.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。从事兼职工作的作者在工作中不受经理器重，遭遇了事业的不顺。在这种情况下，她听从了朋友的建议去尝试改变，寻找新的工作机会从而最终获得成功。
1．A．curious B．anxious
C．confused D．awkward
解析：B 前句提到孩子们在车里开心地唱歌，后句提到了作者在工作中不能得到经理的重用，因此根据But表示的转折关系可知，作者因为受不到重用而心情沮丧、焦虑。
2．A．look B．comment
C．performance D．survival
解析：C 根据下文中的You are smart and willing to work hard.可知，作者在申请其他工作时另一个经理对她非常赞赏，再根据despite所表示的让步关系可以推断，作者在工作中表现出色，但是经理不想给作者分配更多的任务和职责。
3．A．stress B．time
C．explanations D．responsibilities
解析：D 参见上题解析。
4．A．needed B．hired
C．ruined D．chose
解析：A 根据while引导的表示转折含义的并列句可知，经理认为作者寻求的职业发展需要全职员工花费更多的精力和时间去完成。
5．A．made up B．referred to
C．led to D．found out
解析：C 根据语境可知，经理的话打击了作者，因此她才在朋友的建议下尝试去寻找其他的工作机会，从而带来了自己职业道路的改变。lead to意为“导致；造成；带来”。
6．A．chances B．growth
C．past D．details
解析：A 根据下文内容以及出现的chance可知，作者在经历过这件事后懂得了拥抱机会、把握机会的重要性。
7．A．judges B．teachers
C．managers D．experts
解析：C 根据上文提到的manager以及下文出现的three other managers可知，朋友建议作者去联系其他部门的经理，看看是否能够得到其他工作。
8．A．shared B．considered
C．had D．refused
解析：D 根据At first以及原因状语从句because I only knew medicine and only wanted to work on it可知，最初作者拒绝了朋友的建议。
9．A．contacted B．tracked
C．invited D．challenged
解析：A 根据上下文语境可知，作者最后听从朋友的建议而联系了其他部门的经理。
10．A．simply B．hardly
C．nearly D．mostly
解析：B 根据下文的but could I really succeed in a new可知，作者不懂得研发app。hardly意为“几乎不”。
11．A．get B．help
C．catch D．make
解析：D 根据上文的You are smart and willing to work hard.以及下文中的trust可知，经理认为作者聪明、努力，因此在app研发方面会取得成绩。make it意为“成功做到”。
12．A．family B．field
C．company D．car
解析：B 根据上文出现的medicine以及app可知，作者从事的是不同的工作，因此这个工作对她来说是一个新的领域。field意为“田地；领域”。
13．A．impossible B．right
C．unknown D．good
解析：C 根据上文中的I told him I 10 knew anything about it.以及new可知，作者接受新的工作就意味着踏入了未知的领域。
14．A．forced B．flashed
C．depended D．focused
解析：A 根据故事内容可知，作者换工作是因为得不到经理的重用而且是在朋友的建议下才去找其他工作的，因此她换工作是被迫的。
15．A．time B．post
C．trade D．comfort
解析：D 根据上文中的I only knew medicine and only wanted to work on it可知，研究药品是作者熟悉的领域，而研发app是一个陌生的领域，因此她是踏出了舒适区，才找到了更富有创造力和富有成效的自我。
英语完形填空指导
一、5大方法速判句内层次题
句内层次题的解题信息分布在本句内，在读懂文意的前提下，利用本句的一些信息凭借语感即可顺利选出答案。对于此类题目，学生可以边读边填，将原文信息尽量复原。
方法(一) 利用生活常识和文化背景解题
生活是一本书，世事洞明皆学问。大部分完形填空试题需要联系上下文解答，而这其中有很多是考查生活常识和文化背景的题。学生在做题时，若能积极地调动自己掌握的文化背景知识和生活常识，巧妙地加以运用，特别是注意中西文化的差异，将会大大简化分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，从而轻松地做出正确的判断。
【典例】 (2022·全国乙卷)
However, we all witness that preschool children are remarkably 42.bad at hiding. They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies 43 .
43.A．exposed B．examined
C.untouched D．imbalanced
解析 根据生活常识及本句中的They often cover only their eyes with their hands可推断，学龄前儿童在捉迷藏时只用手遮住他们自己的眼睛，而身体的其他部分都暴露在外。
自主解答 A
方法(二) 利用对应成分分析法解题
完形填空文章的上下文之间以及句子内部之间往往有着一定的逻辑关系，它使句子的各个成分之间形成一定的对应关系。学生可以根据这种逻辑关系找出与未知填空相对应的已知成分，将它作为线索，从而推断出未知填空的答案。
【典例】 (2022·全国乙卷)
We brought young children aged 2－4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC. Each 47.child sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or 48.ears. We then asked the child if she could 49 or hear the adult.
49.A．see B．help
C.reach D．fool
解析 We then asked the child if she could the adult.
从上述分析可以看出，第49题所填词应与or后面的hear形成对应关系。因为有or这一并列连词，且上句中的eyes or 48.ears与 49 or hear恰好相呼应，即眼睛能看见，耳朵能听见，由此可知正确选项。
自主解答 A
方法(三) 利用习惯用法及固定搭配解题
解题时通过分析习惯用法、固定搭配等搭配关系和句子结构，进行有效的推理判断，从而选出正确选项。学生在解题时要灵活地运用一些常用的习惯用法、固定搭配，学会分析句子结构。
【典例】 (2022·全国甲卷)
The next week we 47.walked our dogs together. It was a hot day. When we paused to catch our 48 ， Steve got down on one knee. Was he proposing (求婚) I liked him too, but so 49.soon？
48.A．breath B．balance
C.attention D．imagination
解析 根据上文中的It was a hot day.可知，作者和Steve一起去遛狗的那天天气炎热，因此此处表示两人停下来喘口气。catch one's breath为固定搭配，意为“喘口气”。
自主解答 A
方法(四) 利用逻辑关系解题
此方法是通过分析空处上下文与已知信息之间的逻辑关系来确定答案，主要应用于完形填空的两类题型：一是考查连接词和起连接词作用的短语；二是考查上下文的逻辑关系。
【典例】 (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
I tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to our spot. That lasted about ten minutes. He was 44.uncomfortable，and his crying let the whole campground know it. So 45 tying him up, I just kept a close eye on him.
45.A．due to B．instead of
C.apart from D．as for
解析 上文说作者给自己15个月大的孩子系上绳子，孩子因不舒服而哭叫。本空前的连词So表示因果关系，由此可知，为了不让孩子哭，作者不再用绳子拴着他，而是紧盯着他。
自主解答 B
方法(五) 利用语境暗示分析法解题
上下文语境具体体现为全文的中心主线和主题、作者的态度倾向和评价、上下文语篇衔接、句际和段际关系。在句内层次题中，我们通常可以通过上下文语境暗示，即根据已知信息，推导出正确答案。
【典例】 (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
Another time, we rented a boat in Vallecito Lake. The sky was clear when we 47.headed off, but storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly 48 our peaceful morning trip.
48.A．arranged B．interrupted
C.completed D．recorded
解析 根据本空前的storms move in fast in the mountains可推知，这里指突如其来的暴风雨很快打断了作者一家平静的清晨之旅。
自主解答 B
二、4种技巧智取句组层次题
句组层次题是比句内层次题稍难一级的题目，其解题信息分布在空格前后的一组意群之中，解题时需瞻前顾后，综合意群信息解答。即本句信息不足填，空格前后再找信息源。
技巧(一) 利用语义复现解题
复现是一种语义衔接手段，它通过原词、同义词/近义词、反义词、上义词、下义词或同根词等重复出现来表达某一概念，使整篇文章上下连贯，有机地衔接在一起。因此，学生可根据文章的具体情况，理解文章的结构和语境，利用文章中的语义复现来选出正确的答案。
原词复现 【典例】 (2022·全国乙卷)
We brought young children aged 2－4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC. Each 47 sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or 48.ears. We then asked the child if she could 49.see or hear the adult.
47.A．parent B．child
C.researcher D．doctor
解析 根据本段中的We brought young children ...及空后一句中的the child可知，是2到4岁的儿童参加实验，所以此处表示每个“儿童”和一个成年人坐在一起。child与空前一句中的children及空后一句中的child是原词复现。
自主解答 B
同义词复现 【典例】 (2021·3月天津高考)
For most people, having things stolen feels like an offence. Robbie Pruitt admitted that he got 16 when he discovered the theft of his mountain bike last September. But soon enough, his 17.emotions took a turn. After letting go of his anger and frustration, he found himself on a road to sympathy 18.instead．
16.A．amazed B．mad
C．curious D．frightened
解析 根据下文中的After letting go of his anger and frustration, he found himself on a road to sympathy可知，空处和“anger” “frustration”是同义词，由此可知正确选项。
自主解答 B
反义词复现 【典例】 (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)
Our 48.roles in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing (糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nose.49.Remove bunny from the belt. This was 50 than it sounds.51.Slow down a bit and the cakes pile up. As I told my parents at dinner that first night, it was all a little more high-pressure than I'd 52.expected．
50.A．harder B．better
C．longer D．cheaper
解析 尽管上文提到了Our 48.roles in the factory were simple，但根据下文中的the cakes pile up和a little more high-pressure可知，要完成一系列任务，稍微慢一点，小兔子蛋糕就会堆积起来，此处表示“这比听起来要艰难多了”。 harder与上文中的simple构成了反义词复现。
自主解答 A
技巧(二) 利用作者的态度或感彩关联解题
在做完形填空题时，我们一定要在快速阅读文章的过程中，仔细找出能够反映作者态度和感彩的重要词汇，它们往往是名词、形容词、副词或动词。这些词汇通常是我们做题时重要的参照线索，可以帮助我们快速确定某些题目的正确答案。
【典例】 (2022·全国甲卷)
You can tell a lot about a man by how he treats his dogs.
For many years, I enjoyed living with my dogs, Tilly and Chance. Their 41 was nearly enough to keep my loneliness at bay.
41．A．ownership B．membership
C．companionship D．leadership 解析 根据第二段中的For many years, I enjoyed living with my dogs, Tilly and Chance.可知，作者这些年来一直很喜欢和她的两只宠物狗生活在一起，两只狗的“陪伴”能让作者远离孤单。
自主解答 C
技巧(三) 利用逻辑关系解题
【典例】 (2022·全国乙卷)
For a long time, this ineffective hiding method was 44.interpreted as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric” (自我中心的) creatures. But our 45 research results in child developmental psychology 46.contradicted that idea.
45．A．disappointing B．mixed
C．surprising D．desired
解析 根据本段第一句可知，这种无效的躲藏方式被理解为(interpreted)儿童是一种完全“以自我为中心”的生物的证据。根据本空前的But可知，前后两句之间是转折关系，此句意为：但是我们在儿童发展心理学方面的研究发现反驳(contradicted)了那个观点，由此推测，研究结果是“令人惊奇的”。
自主解答 C
技巧(四) 利用语境暗示分析法解题
在句组层次题中，有些题目往往也需要通过上下文的语境暗示来解题，即根据已知信息，推导出正确答案。
【典例】 (2022·1月浙江高考)
Ms. Burdeyney talked to some friends who had 39.similar problems and discovered that they were largely suffering in 40 . “Nobody chooses to talk about it because it seems so 41.insignificant，” she said. “But more and more are suffering and lives are being 42.compromised．”
40．A．turn B．peace
C．vain D．silence
解析 根据下文的“Nobody chooses to talk about it because it seems so 41.insignificant，” she said.可知，她发现他们很大程度上都保持沉默，因为他们认为谈论此事似乎是微不足道的。
自主解答 D
三、2种思路解决语篇层次题
语篇层次题是完形填空中难度最高的试题，也是学生的拉分题。此类试题需要阅读全篇，站在整个语篇的角度才能选出正确答案。
思路(一) 利用首尾呼应关系解题
【典例】 (2021·1月浙江高考)
I was sent to the Coronado National Forest for my first 8-day 42 ．We had to 43.carry everything we needed and walk three miles to where we worked.It may not seem like a 44.long way but in 35℃ heat and with a heavy pack, my legs were on fire.
My job was to 45.build a stairway out of rock.This 46.meant climbing up and down the side of a mountain inhabited (栖息) by mountain lions, although I should say they were only heard, never 47.seen.
…
53.Needless to say，I suffered a lot.But I know whatever I have to face in my life I was there and I 54.survived．I think I am much 55.stronger for having taken part in the project.
42．A．tour B．project
C．campaign D．course
完形填空的文章或段落存在首尾呼应的关系，通过结合首段(或首句)和尾段(或尾句)信息，可以更好地解答部分题目。
解析 根据文章末尾的the project可知，本篇文章讲述的是作者某次项目的经历，结合文末信息回到文章开头可知，作者被派去Coronado National Forest是为了一个为期8天的“项目(工程)”。
自主解答 B
叙事类的完形填空往往通过讲述一个故事来传达中心思想或表达立意，作者多采用首尾相呼应的写法，在文章结尾处来升华主题。因此，学生应学会首尾兼顾，结合文章开头、结尾信息解答此类题目。
思路(二) 利用文章发展脉络解题
【典例】 (2022·全国甲卷)
You can tell a lot about a man by how he treats his dogs.
…
The next week we 47.walked our dogs together. It was a hot day. When we paused to catch our 48.breath, Steve got down on one knee. Was he proposing (求婚) I liked him too, but so 49.soon He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs. 50.In that moment，I began to fall for him.
…
A year later, much to my 58.delight, this man produced a little box with a ring and proposed to me. He did not kneel (跪) down, nor did I 59.need him to. That's only for giving 60 to the dogs that brought us together.
60．A．toys B．awards
C．food D．water
叙事型完形填空在行文结构上往往包括：故事开端——发展——高潮——结局等不同情节，学生应梳理文章发展脉络，理清行文结构。
解析 文章首段提出了一个观点：一个人如何对待他的狗，你就能判断这个人。根据下文可知，作者是一位动物爱好者，她的男友Steve也是一位动物爱好者。在两人约会的过程中，Steve喂作者的小狗喝水的一幕深深打动了作者。一年之后，作者欣然接受了Steve的求婚。Steve没有通过下跪的方式向作者求婚，因为作者认为下跪这个动作只是为了给那些让他们走到一起的小狗们“喝水”才做的。
自主解答 D
解题策略 遵循发展脉络，合理思考推理，及时调整思路
上下求索，捕捉关键信息
回头看——关注是否与上文呼应，不留遗憾
关键点——需随机应变，不要一意孤行，更不可胡思乱想
Test 1
Many years ago, the psychologist Walter Mischel conducted an experiment at a preschool on the Stanford University campus. He 1 a group of four-year-old kids around a table with some marshmallows (棉花糖) in the middle.
Mischel told them he had to leave the room for a few minutes. If they could wait until he 2 ， he would give them two marshmallows. If they couldn't wait, then they could have one marshmallow 3 . One marshmallow right now, or two later. That was the 4 . He then left the room.
A few of the kids couldn't resist and ate a marshmallow the 5 he left. Some lasted for a few minutes before they 6 . Others smelled their marshmallows. A few kids were 7 to resist the temptation and wait.
When Mischel got back, he gave those who 8 their well-earned two marshmallows.
The researcher then 9 the lives of each of these kids up through high school. 10 ， those who had resisted eating the marshmallow had done far 11 in school and in life than those who couldn't wait. They were more confident, more popular, and more dependable.
The marshmallow test is one of the most famous psychological experiments ever 12 . Walter Mischel has proven that children's ability to 13 satisfaction when they were young was related to 14 future outcomes. According to Walter Mischel, self-control can be mastered and applied to 15 in everyday life — from weight control to quitting smoking, and making major decisions.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Walter Mischel是斯坦福大学的心理学教授，本文简要介绍了他许多年前进行的享誉世界的棉花糖实验。
1．A．gathered B．separated
C．attracted D．invited
解析：A Walter Mischel教授将一帮四岁的小孩召集到桌子周围。
2．A．returned B．succeeded
C．finished D．abandoned
解析：A 如果孩子们愿意等到Walter Mischel教授回来，他将给每个孩子两颗棉花糖。
3．A．gradually B．eventually
C．regularly D．immediately
解析：D 孩子们面临两种选择，后者是马上就能得到一颗棉花糖。
4．A．plan B．deal
C．concept D．principle
解析：B Walter Mischel教授跟孩子们达成了协议。这里的deal意为“协议”。
5．A．period B．moment
C．hour D．chance
解析：B 教授一离开，有个别孩子就吃掉了自己的棉花糖。
6．A．turned down B．took over
C．gave in D．showed up
解析：C 还有一些孩子坚持了几分钟后也屈服于棉花糖的诱惑。
7．A．determined B．ambitious
C．sensitive D．intelligent
解析：A 有几个小孩决心抵制诱惑，坚持到底。
8．A．made out B．set out
C．gave out D．held out
解析：D Walter Mischel教授回来后，给了这些一直坚持下来的孩子每人两颗棉花糖。
9．A．followed B．entered
C．protected D．involved
解析：A 实验结束后，研究人员继续跟踪调查这些参与实验的孩子们的生活。
10．A．Fortunately B．Surprisingly
C．Hopefully D．Similarly
解析：B 最后，研究人员得到了令人吃惊的结论：比起那些无法抵制棉花糖诱惑的孩子，那些能够抵制棉花糖诱惑的孩子在各方面的表现都要好得多。
11．A．more B．less
C．better D．worse
解析：C 根据下句They were more confident, more popular, and more dependable.可知，能够抵制棉花糖诱惑的孩子无论在学校还是在生活中都表现得更好。
12．A．discovered B．designed
C．conducted D．created
解析：C 可以与experiment搭配的动词有carry out、 conduct、 do、 perform等。
13．A．delay B．avoid
C．forget D．obtain
解析：A 根据上文实验的介绍可知，棉花糖实验的核心是检验孩子们延迟满足(delay satisfaction)的能力。
14．A．temporary B．positive
C．necessary D．steady
解析：B 棉花糖实验证实：一个人年轻时延迟满足的能力会给未来带来积极的影响。
15．A．opportunities B．achievements
C．conditions D．challenges
解析：D 下文列举的减肥、戒烟等都是我们生活中的一些挑战。
Test 2
The children were singing happily in the car. But I was feeling 1 . Just now, the manager told me, despite my impressive 2 ， he wanted to give me no more 3 . He thought the career growth I looked for 4 a full-time employee while I only worked part time because I had to care for my children. The message hit me hard. However, it 5 a change that, in the end, taught me the power of hugging 6 ．
A friend suggested I reach out to senior 7 about chances in other departments. At first, I 8 that idea because I only knew medicine and only wanted to work on it! Then I 9 three other managers in my company. One invited me to develop apps with him. I told him I 10 knew anything about it. He said，“You are smart and willing to work hard. You will 11 it.”
The trust was exactly what I was looking for, but could I really succeed in a new 12 ？ Finally, I decided that taking a chance on the 13 was better than staying in a futureless position.
Then my career path opened up just because of a change that I felt 14 on me. It taught me that when you step out of your 15 zone, you'll find a most creative, productive self.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。从事兼职工作的作者在工作中不受经理器重，遭遇了事业的不顺。在这种情况下，她听从了朋友的建议去尝试改变，寻找新的工作机会从而最终获得成功。
1．A．curious B．anxious
C．confused D．awkward
解析：B 前句提到孩子们在车里开心地唱歌，后句提到了作者在工作中不能得到经理的重用，因此根据But表示的转折关系可知，作者因为受不到重用而心情沮丧、焦虑。
2．A．look B．comment
C．performance D．survival
解析：C 根据下文中的You are smart and willing to work hard.可知，作者在申请其他工作时另一个经理对她非常赞赏，再根据despite所表示的让步关系可以推断，作者在工作中表现出色，但是经理不想给作者分配更多的任务和职责。
3．A．stress B．time
C．explanations D．responsibilities
解析：D 参见上题解析。
4．A．needed B．hired
C．ruined D．chose
解析：A 根据while引导的表示转折含义的并列句可知，经理认为作者寻求的职业发展需要全职员工花费更多的精力和时间去完成。
5．A．made up B．referred to
C．led to D．found out
解析：C 根据语境可知，经理的话打击了作者，因此她才在朋友的建议下尝试去寻找其他的工作机会，从而带来了自己职业道路的改变。lead to意为“导致；造成；带来”。
6．A．chances B．growth
C．past D．details
解析：A 根据下文内容以及出现的chance可知，作者在经历过这件事后懂得了拥抱机会、把握机会的重要性。
7．A．judges B．teachers
C．managers D．experts
解析：C 根据上文提到的manager以及下文出现的three other managers可知，朋友建议作者去联系其他部门的经理，看看是否能够得到其他工作。
8．A．shared B．considered
C．had D．refused
解析：D 根据At first以及原因状语从句because I only knew medicine and only wanted to work on it可知，最初作者拒绝了朋友的建议。
9．A．contacted B．tracked
C．invited D．challenged
解析：A 根据上下文语境可知，作者最后听从朋友的建议而联系了其他部门的经理。
10．A．simply B．hardly
C．nearly D．mostly
解析：B 根据下文的but could I really succeed in a new可知，作者不懂得研发app。hardly意为“几乎不”。
11．A．get B．help
C．catch D．make
解析：D 根据上文的You are smart and willing to work hard.以及下文中的trust可知，经理认为作者聪明、努力，因此在app研发方面会取得成绩。make it意为“成功做到”。
12．A．family B．field
C．company D．car
解析：B 根据上文出现的medicine以及app可知，作者从事的是不同的工作，因此这个工作对她来说是一个新的领域。field意为“田地；领域”。
13．A．impossible B．right
C．unknown D．good
解析：C 根据上文中的I told him I 10 knew anything about it.以及new可知，作者接受新的工作就意味着踏入了未知的领域。
14．A．forced B．flashed
C．depended D．focused
解析：A 根据故事内容可知，作者换工作是因为得不到经理的重用而且是在朋友的建议下才去找其他工作的，因此她换工作是被迫的。
15．A．time B．post
C．trade D．comfort
解析：D 根据上文中的I only knew medicine and only wanted to work on it可知，研究药品是作者熟悉的领域，而研发app是一个陌生的领域，因此她是踏出了舒适区，才找到了更富有创造力和富有成效的自我。