专攻解题方法与技巧
英语语法填空指导-判断是否为非谓语
第一步：确定是否作非谓语
若句中已有谓语动词，又不是作并列谓语动词时，则要考虑填非谓语动词。
第二步：确定填何种非谓语形式
(1)提示词与逻辑主语是主谓关系时常用动词-ing形式；
(2)提示词与逻辑主语是动宾关系时常用过去分词形式；
(3)提示词在句中作目的状语和意料之外的结果时常用动词不定式。
典例
(2022·全国甲卷)Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation ____________(hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road.
分析
第一步：提示词是动词，句中已有谓语动词decided，所以此处应考虑填非谓语动词。
第二步：分析句子成分可知，hold与被修饰词the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation之间为动宾关系，应用过去分词作定语。
自主解答 held
解题规则——再确定是何种非谓语
技法1 成分分解法——作主语和表语
1.作主语
(1)句中缺少主语，找到句子的谓语部分，确定应用动词-ing形式还是动词不定式作主语。
(2)掌握用动词-ing形式/动词不定式作主语的句型：
It is/was＋adj.(for/of sb)＋to do sth
It is no use/good doing sth
It takes sb some time to do sth
It's worthwhile to do/doing sth
1.(2021·全国甲卷)It is possible ____________ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
2．(2022·连云港市考前模拟一)It is, therefore, urgent ____________ (update) our curricula by introducing the recent developments in the relevant fields.
3．(2022·潍坊市模拟)In addition to providing visitors with a rare insight into the world of art conservation, __________ (conduct) the treatments in original place allows the sculptures to be treated in the same natural light in which they are being exhibited currently.
2.作表语
非谓语动词中能作表语的有动词-ing形式、过去分词和动词不定式。
(1)动词-ing形式作表语，修饰物，意为“令人感到……的”；
(2)过去分词作表语，修饰人，意为“本身感到……的”；
(3)动词不定式作表语，表示将来或目的。
4.(2021·全国乙卷)It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become ____________ (educate) about the areas — both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the development of the local areas.
5．(2022·烟台市、德州市一模)In fact, much remains ____________ (learn) about traditional Chinese painting and its elements.
6．(2022·山西运城考前模拟)Lola got ____________(lose) when the Mejeurs were visiting a friend in Elk Grove Village in 2017.
1．to walk 考查固定句型。分析句子成分可知，此处是固定句型It is＋adj.(for sb)＋to do sth，It是形式主语，动词不定式短语是真正的主语。
2．to update 考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，It是形式主语，空处应用动词不定式作真正的主语。
3．conducting 考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，空处作非谓语动词，应用动词-ing形式作主语，故填conducting。
4．educated 考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，become是系动词，此处应用形容词作表语，educated adj.受过……教育的。become educated about意为“开始接受关于……的教育”。
5．to be learned/to be learnt 考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，remain是系动词，后面接动词不定式作表语；根据语境可知，主语much与谓语动词learn之间是被动关系，应用动词不定式的被动式。
6．lost 考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，此处got 为系动词，get lost意为“迷路”，为固定搭配。
技法2 固定搭配法——作宾语
1.只跟动词-ing形式作宾语的动词和短语
喜欢考虑不避免
(enjoy, consider, escape, avoid)
不禁放弃太冒险
(cannot help, give up, risk)
感激承认很值得
(appreciate, admit, be worth)
介意想象莫推延
(mind, imagine, delay, put off)
允许完成是期望
(allow, permit, finish, look forward to)
建议继续勤操练
(suggest, go on, practise)
致力原谅要坚持
(be devoted to, excuse, insist on)
继续成功不错过
(keep on, succeed in, miss)
1.(2022·山东师范大学附中考前打靶)For teenagers, some have learned how to use a sewing machine and made a couple of projects; some are working on a social studies project which involves ____________ (construct) a family tree including researching relatives alive in the 1800s.
2．(2022·湖南永州联考)If you are struggling to stay motivated, consider ____________ (give) yourself rewards for each goal you achieve.
3．(2022·重庆市名校联盟联考)Incredibly, around 1，500 workers spent just nine hours ____________(complete) the construction of a new train station in Fujian Province, southern China.
4．(2022·南通市考前练习卷)Although sometimes he still has trouble ____________ (distinguish) between Putonghua and the dialect, he can use the Henan dialect to communicate with others.
5．(2022·沧州市二模)This could prevent the fries from ____________ (get) wet and rotting away during the 5－8 weeks' journey across the Atlantic Ocean.
2.只跟动词不定式作宾语的动词和短语
三个希望两答应
(hope, wish, expect, agree, promise)
两个要求莫拒绝
(demand, ask, refuse)
设法学会做决定
(manage, learn, decide/determine)
不要假装在选择(pretend, choose/select)
打算提出一计划(intend, offer, plan)
申请失败负担起(apply, fail, afford)
准备愿望又碰巧(prepare, desire, happen)
6.(2022·1月浙江高考)That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans ____________(continue) the practice.
7．(2022·辽宁省重点高中协作体模拟)Even though people initially laughed at him, he finally managed ____________ (give) his hometown a path available to the nearby town.
8．(2022·聊城市第一次模拟)They failed ____________ (uncover) the myth of “wild man”， but discovered the area's rich biodiversity.
3.作介词的宾语用动词-ing形式
(1)介词后跟动词-ing形式作宾语；
(2)but/except后接动词不定式作宾语，若前面有实义动词do时，动词不定式就要省略to。
9.(2022·全国优质校大联考)There are now 1，800 giant pandas living in the wild, a number that officials credit to the country's devotion to ____________ (maintain) nature reserves and other conservation initiatives in recent years.
10．(2022·山东省大联考)He plans to pursue his career in the mainland after ____________ (complete) his studies.
1．constructing 考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，设空处作宾语。involve doing sth意为“包括做某事”。
2．giving 分析句子成分可知，设空处作宾语。consider 意为“考虑”，后跟动词-ing形式作宾语。
3．completing 考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，设空处作宾语。spend time (in) doing sth意为“花时间做某事”，为固定搭配。因此应用动词-ing形式作宾语。
4．distinguishing 考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，设空处作宾语。have trouble (in) doing sth意为“做某事很困难”，为固定搭配。因此应用动词-ing形式作宾语。
5．getting 考查非谓语动词。此处为prevent ...from doing sth结构，from为介词，后跟动词-ing形式作宾语。
6．to continue 考查非谓语动词。动词plan后跟动词不定式作宾语，plan to do sth意为“计划做某事”，为固定搭配。
7．to give 考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，设空处作宾语。manage to do sth是固定短语，意为“设法完成了某事”，故填动词不定式to give。
8．to uncover 考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，设空处作宾语。固定短语fail to do sth表示“没能做成某事”，因此所给动词uncover应用动词不定式形式作fail的宾语。
9．maintaining 考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，设空处作宾语。devotion to意外“奉献于，致力于”，其中 to 为介词，后跟动词-ing形式作宾语。
10．completing 考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，设空处作宾语。介词after后跟动词-ing形式作宾语。
技法3 关系分析法——作定语
1.动词不定式作定语
(1)表示还没有发生用to do；
(2)看见first、 second、 last等序数词以及形容词最高级(＋名词)，用动词不定式作定语；
(3)抽象名词ability、 attempt、 chance、 desire、 opportunity、 potential、 attempt、 way、 wish等后常用动词不定式作后置定语。
1.(2022·全国甲卷)A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi'an, as a first step________(journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
2．(2022·山东师范大学附中考前打靶)Not only have parents been trying to find ways for their kids ____________ (fill) their days without interactions with other siblings (兄弟姐妹) or peers, but they've been worrying about how staying alone is affecting them.
2.分词作定语
(1)动词-ing形式作定语：
①动词-ing形式作定语表示主动、正在进行；
②若表示被动且正在发生的动作，用being done结构；
③表示心理状态的动词-ing形式的形容词，意为“令人……的”。
(2)过去分词作定语：
①过去分词作定语表示被动、完成；
②过去分词形式的形容词，意为“(人)感到……的”，也可修饰体现内心感受的look、 expression、 tears、 smile、 voice等名词。
3.(2022·全国乙卷)“...It can help to build a community with a ________ (share) future for mankind，” he said.
4．(2021·1月浙江高考)This may be due to some disadvantages for people ____________ (live) in the countryside, including lower levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
5．(2022·河北省高三学生全过程纵向评价)A 2011 mission failed when a Russian rocket ____________(carry) a Chinese orbiter had problems after launch, and was unable to escape Earth's orbit.
6．(2022·厦门市质量检测四)They find comfort among the shelves ____________ (pack) high with books and appreciate the smiling faces of librarians eager to help.
1．to journey 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句的谓语动词是hiked，空处应用非谓语动词形式。名词step前有序数词first修饰，因此空处应用动词不定式作后置定语。
2．to fill 考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，设空处作定语。way to do sth意为“做某事的方法”，为固定用法。
3．shared 考查非谓语动词。根据空前的a和空后的名词future可知，此处应用形容词，share与future之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词作定语。
4．living 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处应用live的非谓语动词形式，作people的后置定语，且people与live之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故填living。
5．carrying 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处应用非谓语动词形式，且carry与逻辑主语rocket之间构成主谓关系，应用动词-ing形式作定语。
6．packed 考查非谓语动词。动词pack意为“把……大量放进，装满”，和谓语之间没有连词，和逻辑主语shelves之间构成动宾关系，且动作已完成，故应用过去分词作后置定语。
技法4 逻辑关系法——作状语
1.动词不定式作状语
(1)动词不定式可以用作目的状语；
(2)only to do sth为动词不定式作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果；
(3)形容词或过去分词作表语时，后接动词不定式作状语。常见词有happy、 lucky、 anxious、 proud、 disappointed、 surprised、 delighted、 foolish、 pleased、 fortunate等；
(4)牢记“主语＋系动词＋表语(adj.)＋to do”句式，动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。 1.(2022·全国乙卷)____________ (strengthen) the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media ...
2．(2022·湖北省七市调研)____________ (get) through to the final in the game, the player has to do good deeds and serve people heart and soul like Lei Feng.
3．(2022·连云港市模拟二)To feed the seven billion people on Earth, most farmers today are growing only species of plants that are easy ____________ (produce) in large numbers.
4．(2022·汕头市三模)Although Liu's dance moves look simple, they are often too intense for his audience ____________ (follow)．
5．He got up early and hurried to the bus station, only ____________ (find) the early train had gone.
2.分词作状语
(1)动词-ing形式作状语：
①句子的主语是分词动作的发出者， 用动词-ing形式(doing)；
②表伴随、时间或条件等要用动词-ing形式；
③自然而然的结果用动词-ing形式。
(2)过去分词作状语：
句子的主语是分词动作的承受者，则用过去分词(done)。
6.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park (GPNP)．____________ (cover) an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
7．(2022·南通市考前练习卷)He used to be addicted to electronic devices and stay up late every night, ____________ (trap) in an unhealthy daily routine.
8．(2022·烟台市、德州市一模)It's used in combination with an ink stone. The painter wets the ink stone and then grinds (研磨) the ink stick on the stone, ____________ (make) the ink run so that it can be used for painting.
1．To strengthen 考查非谓语动词。根据语境并分析句子结构可知，空处应用动词不定式作目的状语。
2．To get 考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，设空处表示为了进入比赛的决赛，应用动词不定式作目的状语。
3．to produce 考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，空处表示今天大多数农民只种植易于大量生产的植物品种。be easy to do sth意为“做某事是容易的”，为固定搭配。
4．to follow 考查非谓语动词。此处为too＋adj.＋to do sth句型，表示“太……而不能”，故填to follow。
5．to find 考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，此处表示意料之外的结果，应用动词不定式作结果状语。
6．Covering 考查非谓语动词。该句谓语部分为will be，此处应用非谓语动词作状语；cover与句子主语the GPNP之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，应用动词-ing形式作伴随状语。
7．trapped 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词used，空处为非谓语动词作状语，和句子的主语He之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故填trapped。
8．making 考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，句子的谓语动词是wets和grinds，此处表示意料之中的结果，应用非谓语动词作状语；make与主语The painter之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，应用动词-ing形式作状语，表示理所应当的结果，故填making。
技法5 句型格式法——作宾语补足语
1.动词不定式作宾语补足语
常用动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有tell、 order、 allow、 permit、 enable、 persuade、 force、 warn、 encourage、 ask、 invite、 expect等。
1.(2022·河北省模拟演练一)Because more and more students are showing interest, the school plans to add more seats to the class to allow more students ____________(learn) and practice, said Lu, who is also a member of the Enshi Blue Sky Rescue Team.
2．(2022·武汉市高三模拟)Fu believes it was his scientific approach to training that enabled him ____________ (overcome) those difficulties and reach his destination.
2.have的固定用法
have sb/sth doing sth 允许/容忍某人做某事(否定句中)；让某人/某物一直做某事(肯定句中)
have sth done
have sb do sth 让某人做某事
3.As humans, we tend to be easily influenced when it comes to liking or disliking something, and we're happy to have our existing opinions __________________ (confirm)．
4．I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph ____________(take).
3.分词作宾语补足语
(1)动词-ing形式作宾语补足语表示主动、进行；
(2)过去分词作宾语补足语表示被动、完成；
(3)常用过去分词作宾语补足语的动词有have、 make、 get、 leave、 find、 see、 notice、 watch、 hear、 feel、 want、 like等。
5.(2022·雅礼中学模拟二)However, some of us often find ourselves ____________ (reserve) a table for one in a restaurant. But is dining alone really that bad Maybe not.
6．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)But that's how nature is — always leaving us ____________(astonish)．
7．(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)They make great gifts and you see them many times ____________ (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
4.with 复合结构
(1)with＋宾语＋to do表示动作还未发生；
(2)with＋宾语＋doing表示主动、动作正在进行；
(3)with＋宾语＋done表示被动、动作已经完成。
8.(2022·青岛市模拟)Despite being two goals behind South Korea in the first half, the Chinese women's national football team got three in the second half with two goals ____________ (score) in just five minutes.
9．(2022·湖南省第二次检测)The largest nang, referred to as “emanke”， is as big as the traditional food in Xinjiang, with more people ____________ (bake) the bread in environmentally-friendly ovens now.
1．to learn 考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，设空处作宾语补足语。allow sb to do sth意为“允许某人做某事”，为固定用法，故填to learn。
2．to overcome 考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，设空处作宾语补足语。enable sb to do sth意为“使某人做某事”，为固定用法，故填to overcome。
3．confirmed 考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，设空处作宾语补足语。此处为have sth done结构， opinions 与confirm 之间为逻辑上的动宾关系， 故填confirmed。
4．taken 考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，设空处作宾语补足语。宾语my photograph与take之间为被动关系，have sth done “让某事被做”为固定用法，故用过去分词作宾语补足语。
5．reserving 考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，此处为“find＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，ourselves与reserve之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故填reserving。
6．astonished 考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，空处作非谓语，且在动词leave后作宾语补足语，应用过去分词。
7．decorated 考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，句中them与decorate之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词作宾语补足语。
8．scored 考查非谓语动词。此处为with复合结构，名词two goals与动词score之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词作宾语补足语。
9．baking 考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，with more people ____________ (bake) the bread in environmentally-friendly ovens now是with复合结构，空处是非谓语动词，在句中作宾语补足语，与其逻辑主语people之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，应用动词-ing形式表示主动。
Test 1
Each year on 15 October, Global Handwashing Day __1__ (celebrate) to highlight the importance of handwashing with soap at home, in the community, and around the world.
Global Handwashing Day serves as a yearly reminder __2__ handwashing with soap is one of the best __3__ (step) we can take to avoid getting sick and spreading germs to others. __4__ (establish) by the Global Handwashing Partnership in 2008, the day aims __5__ (increase) awareness and knowledge of the benefits of handwashing with soap.
Many germs that can make people sick are spread __6__ we don't wash our hands with soap and clean, running water. That is why handwashing is so important, especially during key times such as after __7__ (use) the bathroom, when preparing food, before eating, and after coughing, sneezing, or blowing your nose.
Handwashing with soap is not only simple and inexpensive, but it can also __8__ (great) reduce the number of young children who get sick. Teaching people about handwashing __9__ (help) them and their communities stay healthy. Handwashing education in the community can reduce the number of people who get sick with diarrhea (腹泻) __10__ about 23－40%.
The 2021 Global Handwashing Day theme was “Our Future Is at Hand — Let's Move Forward Together”. No matter your role, you can celebrate Global Handwashing Day.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了国际洗手日。
1．is celebrated 考查时态和语态。这里表示国际洗手日“被庆祝”，因此用一般现在时的被动语态。
2．that 考查同位语从句。本空格后是前面名词reminder的具体内容，应用连词that引导同位语从句。
3．steps 考查名词的单复数。one of后面通常用可数名词的复数形式，故填steps。
4．Established 考查非谓语动词。本句主语是the day(国际洗手日)，它是“被建立”，因此应用过去分词作状语。
5．to increase 考查非谓语动词。aim to do sth是固定表达，因此应用动词不定式形式。
6．when/if 考查状语从句。设空处前面是主句，后面是一个表示时间或条件的状语从句。
7．using 考查非谓语动词。本空格前是介词after，因此这里应用动词-ing形式作宾语。
8．greatly 考查副词。本空格后面是动词reduce，因此这里应用副词来修饰它。
9．helps 考查时态。本句主语为动词-ing短语Teaching people about handwashing，根据上下文可知，应用一般现在时，故填helps。
10．by 考查介词。表示增加(increase)或减少(reduce)了多少，一般用介词by。
Test 2
(2022·广州市综合测试一)Lexie Alford recently became the youngest person to travel to every country in the world.By the age of 21, she has visited all the countries in an effort to challenge __1__ (she) and push the envelope of __2__ she believed was possible for a female traveler.
Lexie __3__ (primary) used planes, boats，and trains to get around.It was not all plain sailing and there were many difficulties Lexie met, including __4__ (arrange) visas to enter some countries.But the challenges __5__ (outweigh) by the memorable experiences on her way.“There're so many incredible experiences that can come out of traveling alone because you are more open to the connections with the __6__ (local) than you would be in a big group，” she said.
Lexie had the pleasure of meeting __7__ variety of people and experiencing different cultures.But the most __8__ (value) experience of all was discovering a new sense of independence, she said.
For Lexie, nothing beats traveling, which she described __9__ her favorite part of being alive.“__10__ I would be lying if I said I wasn't enjoying taking time over the past year to recover from all the wear and tear I had done to my body over the past three years，” she added.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。Lexie Alford成为世界上最年轻的环游世界的女性。旅行中她遇到种种困难和挑战，但与旅行的快乐相比，这些困难和挑战不值一提。
1．herself 考查代词。该句表示她环游各国，挑战自己。主语是she，故填反身代词herself。
2．what 考查宾语从句。该句表示她突破了她认为的对女性旅行者来说可能的极限。she believed是插入语，从句中缺少主语。故填what。
3．primarily 考查副词。该句表示她主要使用飞机、船和火车出行。修饰动词，应用副词。故填primarily。
4．arranging 考查非谓语动词。空前讲述她遇到很多困难，包括办签证。including是介词，其后应用动词-ing形式。故填arranging。
5．were outweighed 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。该句表示挑战与她在途中的难忘的经历相比不值一提。此处描述过去发生的事情且主语challenges与outweigh之间为被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态；又因主语challenges为复数，故填were outweighed。outweigh意为“超过；重于；大于”。
6．locals 考查名词的单复数。分析句子结构并根据句意可知，此空应用名词，local作“当地人”讲时，常用复数。故填locals。
7．a 考查冠词。a variety of是固定短语，意为“种种；各种”。故填a。
8．valuable 考查形容词。experience是名词，意为“经历，体验”，其前应用形容词修饰。故填valuable。
9．as 考查介词。describe ... as ...是固定搭配，意为“把……称为……”。故填as。
10．But 考查连词。根据语境可知，前后句构成了转折关系。故填But。专攻解题方法与技巧
take短语用法完全归纳
1. take back 收回，接回，退回。如：
I’m sorry, I take back what I said. 对不起，我收回我说过的话。
They wouldn’t take back the shirt. 衬衫他们不让退货。
2. take down
(1) 写下，记下。如：
He took down everything the teacher said. 他把老师说的所有话都记了下来。
I didn’t take down his phone number. 我没有记下他的电话号码。
(2) 拆下，拆掉。如：
The machine takes down easily. 这机器很容易拆。
They decided to take down the dangerous bridge. 他们决定把这座危险的桥拆掉。
3. take in
(1) 收留。如：
So he took in the boy (dog). 所以他就收留了这个男孩(这条狗)。
(2) 包括。如：
The list takes in everyone. 每个人都上了名单。
(3) 理解。如：
We find it difficult to take in what he teaches. 我们发现他教的东西很难理解。
(4) 欺骗，使上当。如：
Don’t be taken in by his promises. 别被他的诺言所欺骗。
4. take off
(1) 脱下。如：
Take off your wet clothes. 脱下你的湿衣服。
He took off his glasses and looked up. 他取下眼镜， 抬头看了看。
(2) 起飞。如：
When did the plane take off 飞机是什么时候起飞的
(3) 打折扣，扣掉，去掉。如：
Can you take five dollars off the price 你可以减价五美元吗
(4) 请假，休息。如：
I want to take a day off (from work). 我想休假一天。
5. take on
(1) 聘用，雇用。如：
The company decided to take on a new secretary. 这家公司决定聘一个新秘书。
(2) 呈现，显现，具有。如：
This word had taken a new meaning. 这个词有了新的意义。
Her face took on a new expression. 她的脸上露出了新的表情。
(3) 承担或担任(工作或责任等)。如：
He advised me not to take too much work. 他劝我不要做太多的工作。
6. take over 接替，接管，继承。如：接替，接管，继承。如：
Who will take over his job 他的工作由谁来接替
Would you like me to take over the driving for a while 你愿意让我接替你开一会儿车吗
7. take to
(1) 喜欢。如：
He took to Mary as soon as they met. 他一见玛丽就爱上了她。
(2) 养成习惯，沉溺于。
如：He soon took to drinking again. 不久他又喝起酒来。不久他又喝起酒来。
(3) 去(某处)。如：
He was ill and had to take to bed. 他病倒了，只好卧床。
8. take up
(1) 开始(学习或从事等)。如：
He dropped medicine and took up physics. 他放弃学医，开始学物理。
For a long time I had wanted to take up writing. 很久以来我一直想从事写作。
(2) 继续。如：
We took up our journey the next day. 第二天我们继续赶路。
This chapter takes up where the last one left off. 本章接续上一章谈到的内容。
(3) 占去(时间或空间)。如：
The table takes up too much room. 这桌子太占地方了。
The work took up all of Sunday. 这活儿占去了整个星期天。
(4) 接纳(乘客等)，接受(挑战，建议，条件等)。如：
The bus stopped to take up passengers. 公共汽车停下来让乘客上车。
He has taken up the bet. 他已接受打赌的条件。
(5) 提出(商讨)，讨论。如：
There’s another matter which we ought to take up. 还有一件事我们要提出来商量。
9. take sb sth / take sth to sb 给某人带(送)去某物。如：
Take your father this glass of water. / Take this glass ofwater to your father.
把这杯水给你父亲送去。
Take her some flowers. / Take some flowers to her. 带一些花给她。
10. take sb (sth) for [to be]……把某人(某物)当作……。如：
He took her smile for agreement. 他把她的微笑视为同意。
Of course I didn’t tell her your secret ---- what do you take me for
当然我没有把你的秘密告诉她---你都把我当什么人了
I took him for an honest man [to be honest]. 我看他为人老实。
I took him for Mr Smith. 我错把他看成是史密斯先生。
注：按传统说法：take……注：按传统说法：for 往往指不合事实地“错误认为”，而 take……to be [as]则可能指正确地也可能指不正确地“认为”，但现代英语已不完全遵循此规则。
11. It takes (sb) some time to do sth 做某事花o (某人)时间。如：
It took me two hours to do the maths exercises. 做数学练习花了我两个小时。
It will take three hours to go there by bus. 坐公共汽车去要花三个小时。
注：该句型在现代英语中可有多种变体。比较：
It took him half an hour to mend his bike. / It took half an hour for him to mend the bike.
他修理自行车花了半个小时。
It took him 10 minutes to solve the problem. / He took 10 minutes solving [to solve] the problem. 他花10分钟解出了这道题。
It took me an hour to write the letter. / The letter took me an hour (to write). / I took an hour to write the letter.
我写这封信花了一个小时。
按传统语法，以上句型只用于花时间，不用于花钱，但这在现代英语中已有所改变。如：
It took him a lot of money to buy her a fur coat. / It took a lot of money for him to buy her a fur coat. 他给她买一件皮外套花了不少钱。
12. It takes sth (某做某事花精力(需要人等)。如：
It takes two to make a quarrel. 一个巴掌拍不响。
It took three men to lift the box. 抬这个箱子要三个人。
It would take a strong man to do the work. 身强力壮的人才做得了这工作。专攻解题方法与技巧
英语语法-同位语从句
一．定义
在复合句 ( http: / / baike. / view / 137894.htm" \t "_blank )中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。如：
I heard the news that our team had won．我听到了我们队获胜的消息。
I had no idea that you were here．我不知道你在这里。
二．常见的可以跟同位语从句的词（抽象名词）
news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，word（消息），possibility等。如：
I’ve come from Mr wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon． 我从王先生那里来，他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。
三．常见引导词
英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词 that，whether，连接副词 how, when, where等。（注：if, which 不能引导同位语从句。）如：
l have no idea When he will be back．我不知道他什么时候回来。
He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.
他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。
My question how I shall get in touch with him has not been answered.
I gave the girl a big doll, exactly what she longed to have.
四、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词 ( http: / / baike. / view / 26580.htm" \t "_blank )后面，而被别的词隔开。 如：
Several years later，word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them．
几年以后，有消息传来说拿破仑要亲自视 察他们。
The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city．
他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。
五、同位语从句与定语从句 ( http: / / baike. / view / 56536.htm" \t "_blank )的区别。
1、同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系，即说明它前面名词的内容；而定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰关系，即限定它前面的名词范围，或补充一些情况。如：
The news that l have passed the exam is true．我通过了考试这一消息是真的。
（同位语从句，即从句所表达的意思就是前面名词的内容。）
The news that he told me just now is true．他刚才告诉我的消息是真的。
（定语从句，从句对前面名词起修饰限制作用，即“他告诉我的”那个消息，而不是别的消息。）
2、引导同位语从句的that是连词，在从句中不充当任何成份，而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，除起连接作用外，还在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等。如：
The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.
计算机能够识别人的声音的想法使许多人感到惊奇。（that在从句中不充当任何成份。）
The idea that he gave surprises many people．他提出的观点令许多人感到吃惊。
（that在从句中作gave的宾语。）
A. 用适当的连接词填空
1. It worried her a bit _____ her hair was turning gray.
2. I have no idea _____ we can do with these waste materials.
3.____ the doctor really doubts is ____ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.
4. It is hoped ____ nature will never be destroyed.
5. ____do you guess will give a talk on English tomorrow
6. -- I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
-- Is that ____ you had a few days off
7. Word came____ I was wanted at the office.
8. Do you know ____ of them will be our new headmaster
9. The teacher didn’t tell me ____we were wrong.
10. It’s generally considered unwise to give a child ____he or she wants.
B.单项选择
1. It was true _____ Alice did surprised her mother.
A. that B. what C. that, what D. what, that
2. Does ____matter much ____he can’t come to the meeting.
A. it, if B. that, if C. it, whether D. this, whether
3.--What are you anxious about
-- ____
A. How can we succeed B. Whether we can succeed
C. When can we succeed D. That we can succeed
4. The reason ____the little actress has been such a success is ____she is both clever and hard-working.
A. why, why B. why, that C. that, because D. for, because
5. ____leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
A. Who B. Whoever C. Anyone D. The person
6. I really don’t know _____I had this photo taken.
A. where it was that B. it was that C. where it was D. it was why
7. Dr. Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge. I can’t remember ____.
A. where B. there C. which D. that
8.--What do you think of China
--____different life is today from ____it used to be.
A. How, what B. What, what C. How, that D. What, that
9. Give this to ____you think can do the work well.
A. who B. whom C. whoever D. whomever
10.____troubles me is ____I can’t learn all these English idioms by heart.
A. That, that B. What, what C. That, what D. What, that
11.The fact ____ she works hard is well known to us all.
A. that B. what C. why D. which
答案：
A. 1. that 2. what 3. what, whether 4. that 5. who 6. why
7. that 8. which 9. where 10. whatever
B. 1—5 CABBB 6—10 ACACD 11.A
（名词性从句）
1. ______ he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader. (2007 上海卷)
A. That B. What C. Whether D. Where
2. The traditional view is ______ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so.(2007 上海卷)
A. when B. why C. whether D. that
3. Could I speak to--------- is in charge of International Sales ,please (2007 山东卷)
A．anyone B．someone C．whoever D．nomatter who
4.____ matters most in learning English is enough practice.(2007 全国卷II)
A. What B. Why C. Where D. Which
5. You can only be sure of_________ you have at present; you cannot be sure of something _____ you might get
in the future.(2007 安徽卷)
A. that; what B. what; / C. which; that D. /; that
6. —Where’s that report
—I brought it to you ____you were in Mr.Black’s office yesterday.(2007 北京卷)
A. if B. when C. because D. befor
7. It is none of your business other people think about you. Believe yourself. (2007 福建卷)
A.how B.what C.which D.when
8. Having checked the doors were closed , and _________ all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom.（2007 湖南卷）
A. why B. that C. when D. where
9. Choosing the right dictionary depends on ______ you want to use it for. （2007 江苏卷）
A. what B. why C. how D. whether
10. parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children. （2007 陕西卷）
A.That B.Which C.What D.As
11. By improving reading skills, you can read faster and understand more of you read．（2007 上海春）
A．that B．what C．which D．whether
12. The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer. Warm sunshine and soft sands make ________ it is . （2007 天津卷）
A. what B. which C. how D. where
13. Why not try your luck downtown, Bob That’s ______ the best jobs are.（2007 浙江卷）
A. where B. what C. when D. why
（（08全国I卷）25. The lawyer rarely wears anything other than jeans and a T-shirt ______ the season.
A. whatever B. wherever C. whenever D. however
（08山东卷）23. ______ was most important to her, she told me, was her family.
A. It B. This C. What D. As
（08北京卷）30. The companies are working together to create they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century.
A. which B. that C. what D. who
（08天津卷）12. The last time we had great fun was _____ we were visiting the Water Park.
A. where B. how C. when D. why
（08重庆卷）25. People in Chongqing are proud of __ they have achieved, in the past ten years.
A. that B. which C. what D. how
（08安徽卷）29. Students are always interested in finding out _______ they can go with a new teacher.
A. how far B. how soon C. how often D. how long
（08福建卷）27. _____ is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing.
A. It B. What C. As D. Which
（08湖南卷）29. When asked _____ they needed most, the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved.
A. what B. why C. whom D. which
（08江西卷）34. Animals suffered at the hands of Man ___ they were destroyed by people to make way for agricultural to provide food for more people.
A. in which B. for which
C. so that D. in that
（08浙江卷）4. ______wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way.
A. Anyone B. The one C. Whoever D. Who
（08浙江卷）6. Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from ______ their parents speak at home.
A. what B. that C. which D. one
（08重庆卷）33. All people, __ they are old or young, rich or poor, rich or poor, have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster.
A. even if B. whether
C. no matter D. however
(08上海卷)34. As his best friend , I can make accurate guesses about ___he will do or think.
A. what B. which C. whom D. that
(08上海卷)36. It has been proved ___ eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life.
A. if B. because C. when D. that
09重庆）11 We should consider the students’ request ___ the school library provide more books on popular science.
A. that B. when
C. which D. where
【答案】A
（09江苏）12.Many young people in the West are expected to leave __ could be life’s most important decision—marriage—almost entirely up to luck.
A. as B. that C. which D. what
【答案】D
（09山东）13. The little girl who got lost decided to remain _________she was and wait tor her mother.
A. where B. what C. how D. who
【答案】A remain是系动词，后加表语从句，由句意可知，从句缺地点状语，所以选A。
（09安徽）1. a certain doubt among the people as to the practical value of the project.
A. It has B. They have
C. It remains D. There remains
【答案】D
（09湖南）2．She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do it takes to save her life.
A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whoever
【答案】C 名词性从句的引导词。句意为：她对我们来说是非常宝贵，我们已经准备好做一切来拯救她的生命。
（09江西）3. The fact has worried many scientists ______ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.
A. what B. which C. that D. though
【答案】C 间隔式同位语从句的用法。即先行词是the fact 和that引导的同位语从句中间隔了谓语部分。
（09海南）4. Could I speak to is in charge of International Sales please
A. who B. what
C. whoever D. whatever
【答案】C whoever既作了 to 的宾语，又作is in charge of International Sales please 的主语。“whoever”作代词，／any person who／the person who／“任何人”、“无论谁”、“……的人”。
（09陕西）5. The how to book can be of help to wants to do the job.
A. who B. whomever C. no matter who D. whoever
【答案】D 此处从做介词to的宾语，是名词性从句，引导词做从句的主语，指人，意思是：无论是谁，选D
（09海南）6. One of the most important questions they had to consider was of public health
A. what B. this
C. that D. which
【答案】C 句意为：他们必须考虑其中最重要的问题是公共卫生。考查that作代词，that 作代词，往往用于特指，相当于“that＋名词”，它也只能代替事情不能代替人。
（09上海）7. As a new diplomat, he often thinks of he can react more appropriately on such occasions.
A. what B. which C. that D. how
【答案】D
（09四川）8. News came from the school office ________Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University.
A. which B. what C. that D. where
【答案】C 在该题中that引导了一个同位语从句来解释说明news的内容，由于该题把同位语从句后置了，所以很多考生由于不能正确分析句子结构而错误选择了D项。
（09天津）9. It is obvious to the students ______ they should get well prepared for their future.
A. as B. which C. whether D. that
【答案】D
（09浙江）10．－Is there any possibility ______ you could pick me up at the airport
－No problem.
When B. that C. whether D. what
【答案】B必修一 第一单元复习
UNIT 1 TEENAGE LIFE
储备基础知识
阅读识记
1.ballet n.
2.content n.
3.greenhouse n.
4.title n.
5.topic n.
6.freshman n.
7.literature n.
8.extra adj.
9.plate n.
10. n. 志愿者
11. n. 辩论;争论 vt. & vi. 辩论;争论
12. n. 挑战;艰巨任务 vt. 怀疑;向……挑战
13. vi. & vt. 停止;戒掉;离开(工作职位、学校等)
14. n. 工作计划;日程安排 vt. 安排;预定
15. n. 冒险;奇遇
16. n. 青年时期;青春
17. n. 专家;行家 adj. 熟练的;内行的;专家的
18. n. 行为;举止
19. n. 一代(人)
20. vi. & vt. 集中(精力、注意力等);(使)调节焦距 n. 中心;重点;焦点
21. n. 成年人 adj. 成年的;成熟的
构建词族
1. adj. 十几岁的(指13至19岁);青少年的→ n. (13至19岁之间的)青少年
2. vt. 较喜欢→ n. 喜爱,喜好
3. n. 动作;运动;活动→ v. 移动
4. adj. 合适的;适用的→ v. 适合;对……方便 n. 套装;成套服装
5. adv. 事实上;的确→ adj. 实际的;事实的
6. adj. 难以理解的;不清楚的→ vt. 使糊涂;使迷惑→ adj. 糊涂的;迷惑的
7. adj. (尤指外语)流利的;熟练的→ adv. 流利地;熟练地
8. vi. & vt. 毕业;获得学位 n. 毕业生→ n. 毕业
9. vt. 建议;推荐;介绍→ n. 推荐;建议
10. adj. 高级的;高等的;先进的→ n. 前进;发展 vi. 前进;发展 vt. 发展;促进
11. adv. 显然;明显地→ adj. 显然的;明显的
12. adj. 负责的;有责任的→ n. 责任;义务
13. n. 解决办法;答案→ vt. 解决,解答
14. n. 主编;编辑;编者→ vt. 编辑
15. n. 生存;幸存;幸存事物→ vi. 生存;存活 vt. 幸存;艰难度过→ n. 幸存者
16. vt. 吸引;引起……的注意(或兴趣)→ adj. 有吸引力的;有魅力的→ n. 有魅力之物;吸引力
17. adj. 有瘾的;上瘾的:入迷的→ n. 对……入迷的人;吸毒成瘾的人→ n. 瘾;入迷→
adj. 使人上瘾的
语境活用
1.It's both an exciting but frightening experience for parents the moment their(teenage) obtains a driver's license.
2.I have a (prefer) for wild release, because it is very convenient for the other persons who want to read books.
3.For those with limited space, a (solve) to grow your own vegetables lies closer to homeusing pots.
4.(responsible) is the price every man must pay for freedom.
5.People (obvious) have a need for the resources we gain from cutting trees but we will suffer much more than we will benefit.
重点词块
1. 喜欢……多于……
2. 打扫(或清除)干净
3. 对……适合的
4. 报名(参加课程)
5. 对……负责
6. 喜爱
7. 集中;特别关注
8. 对……很入迷
语境活用
1.Research suggests that half of all teenagers feel their mobile devices, while about 60 percent of parents believe their kids are addicted.
2.It was up to him to his studies and make something of himself.
3.We hope more people will helping the blind and bringing them some relief.
4.She saw that girls and boys in her community were not treated equally becuase girls all the household.
5.So you can see how easy it is to persuade a woman into buying the things that aren't her.
经典句式
1.动词 ing形式作主语
2.it代替动词不定式作形式主语
3.This/That/It is because… 这是因为……
4.feel like… 想要……
5.Chances are that… 有可能……
语境活用
1. (学好英语) is challenging for him as he is an average student.
2.I am afraid (对我来说不方便) to leave the phone number to you.
3.Tom was absent from class. That was (因为他生病了).
4.Sometimes when I do this, I (想要放弃).
5. (有可能) he was raised by a wealthy family.
赏读精彩美文
假定你是李华,正在教你的英国朋友Leslie学习汉语。请你写封邮件告知下次上课的计划。内容包括:
1.时间和地点; 2.内容:学习唐诗; 3.课前准备:简要了解唐朝的历史。
注意: 1.词数100左右; 2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Dear Leslie,I'm writing to inform you of the plan for our next Chinese lesson. ①Here are some details about it. The lesson begins in the lecture hall at nine next Monday morning. We're going to learn some poems of the Tang Dynasty, ②which you're bound to be interested in. As a foreigner, you may have some difficulty understanding Chinese ancient poetry, so ③it would be wise of you to make some preparations in advance. You may as well read some books related to the history of the Tang Dynasty ④so that you can better appreciate the poems. I'll be waiting for you at the entrance to the lecture hall at 8:30.Best wishes.Yours,Li Hua 语篇类型:告知信行文逻辑:写邮件目的→上课计划安排→建议、祝愿 句式句法:①倒装;②定语从句;③it作形式主语;④so that引导目的状语从句
UNIT 1 TEENAGE LIFE
阅读识记
1.芭蕾舞;芭蕾舞剧 2.内容;[pl]目录;(书、讲话、节目等的)主题 3.温室;暖房 4.(书、诗歌等的)名称;标题;职称;头衔 5.话题;标题 6.(中学)九年级学生;(大学)一年级新生 7.文学;文学作品 8.额外的;附加的 9.盘子,碟子 10.volunteer 11.debate 12.challenge 13.quit 14.schedule 15.adventure 16.youth 17.expert
18.behaviour 19.generation 20.focus 21.adult
构建词族
1.teenage; teenager 2.prefer; preference 3.movement; move 4.suitable; suit 5.actually; actual 6.confusing; confuse; confused 7.fluent; fluently 8.graduate; graduation 9.recommend; recommendation 10.advanced; advance 11.obviously; obvious 12.responsible; responsibility 13.solution; solve 14.editor; edit 15.survival; survive; survivor 16.attract; attractive; attraction 17.addicted; addict; addiction; addictive
语境活用
1.teenager 2.preference 3.solution 4.Responsibility 5.obviously
重点词块
1.prefer… to… 2.clean up 3.suitable for 4.sign up (for sth)
5.be responsible for 6.be attracted to 7.focus on 8.addicted to
语境活用
1.addicted to 2.focus on 3.be attracted to 4.were responsible for 5.suitable for
经典句式
1.Learning English well 2.it is not convenient for me 3.because he was ill 4.feel like giving up 5.Chances are that专攻解题方法与技巧
语法填空指导-怎样判断谓语
第一步：确定是否作谓语
首先，分析句子结构，若句中无谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但空处所填词与之是并列关系时，空处就用谓语动词。
第二步：若填谓语动词，就要考虑时态、语态和主谓一致
(1)看“时间”定时态(注意语境中暗含的时间状语)；
(2)看“主语”定语态(看主语是否为动作的发出者)；
(3)看人称和数，确保主谓一致。 【典例】 (2022·全国甲卷)In the last five years, Cao 67 (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa's 68.highest mountain.
【分析】 第一步：确定填谓语。分析句子结构可知，walk在句中作谓语。
第二步：考虑时态、语态和主谓一致。根据空前的时间状语In the last five years可知，设空处应该用现在完成时；walk与主语Cao之间为主动关系；主语Cao为第三人称单数，谓语动词也应用第三人称单数。
自主解答 has walked
解题规则——再确定作何种谓语
技法1 定时态——四角度
解题“四角度” 典例感悟
角度1：时间状语标志词
(1)一般现在时：always、 often、 sometimes、 usually、 occasionally、 seldom、 every time、 now and then等；
(2)一般过去时：yesterday、 last year、 in 2021、 the other day、 two days ago、一段时间＋later 等；
(3)一般将来时：tomorrow、 next year、 in a week、 in the future、 soon等；
(4)现在进行时：all the time、 at this moment、 at present、 always、 constantly等；
(5)现在完成时：recently、 lately、 already、 in the last/past few days、 so far、 up to now、 till now、 for＋时间段等；
(6)过去完成时：by then、 by the end of ...、 by that time 等。
1.(2022·河北省适应性考试)Nowadays, many across the world________ (be) eager to learn about China through stories about Chinese civilization and contemporary China.
2．(2022·泰安市全真模拟)Since then, all government units, organizations and streets communities________ (organize) a yearly autumn trip for those who have retired from their posts.
3．(2022·山东省百师联盟联考)According to the latest data, the total area of China's mangrove forests in 2020________________(be) 289 square kilometers, and over 70 square kilometers of mangroves are newly planted and restored now.
4．(2022·山东省高三大联考)Beijing is such a big stage and I have missed out on many of the big events that________ (take) place in the past few years.
角度2：固定句式
(1)Sb was/were doing sth when sb did ...
(2)Sb had (just) done sth when sb did ...
(3)This/That/It is the＋序数词＋time＋that＋现在完成时
(4)This/That/It was the＋序数词＋time＋that＋过去完成时
(5)祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句，陈述句用一般将来时
(6)It's (high) time that sb did/should do sth
(7)It is/has been＋时间段＋since＋一般过去时
5.(2022·1月浙江高考)On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics — many of them climate scientists —________________(promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
6．(2022·沈阳检测)That was the first time I________ (experience) sandstorms and I don't ever want to be in one again.
7．Susan had quit her well-paid job and________________(work) as a volunteer in the neighbourhood when I visited her last year.
8．It is high time that we________________ (devote) ourselves to environmental protection and ecological improvement.
角度3：并列关系
(1)并列连词：and、 but、 or、 rather than、 neither ...nor ...、 not only ...but also ...等；
(2)同一个主语的两个或两个以上的并列谓语， 谓语动词时态要一致。
9.(2022·福建省百校联合测评)And ineffective tilling means some seeds won't take and yield (产量)________________(drop)．
10．(2022·福建省高三下学期诊断)Aunts, uncles, cousins came around,________________(enjoy) a massive meal and lazed in front of the TV for a couple of hours while the Chinese New Year variety shows were playing.
角度4：语境暗示
在时间状语和其他参照物都不明显的情况下，可以通过正确理解语境，即通过题干中的“语境暗示”解题。
11.(2022·济南市高考模拟)It all________ (begin) in the Eixample District of Barcelona when five families were looking for a safe and environmentally friendly way to get to school.
12．(2022·辽宁省重点高中协作体模拟)In an interview with TOBI AWODIPE, she________________(talk) about how Guinness Nigeria was driving diversity and gender equality.
1．are 考查动词的时态。根据Nowadays可知，时态用一般现在时；分析句子结构可知，设空处作谓语，此处考查短语be eager to do sth，表示“渴望做某事”，故填are。
2．have organized/have been organizing 考查动词的时态。根据Since then可知，时态用现在完成时，也可用现在完成进行时来表示这个事情将会继续下去。
3．was 考查动词的时态。根据句中的in 2020可知，此处应用一般过去时；主语the total area为不可数名词。
4．have taken 考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，空处在that引导的定语从句中作谓语；根据句中的in the past few years可知，应用现在完成时。
5．have promised 考查动词的时态。根据时间状语since the effort started two years ago可知，此处应用现在完成时。
6．had experienced 考查动词的时态。根据固定句式“That/This/It was the first time that sb had done sth”可知，此处应用过去完成时。
7．was working 考查动词的时态。根据空后的when引导的时间状语从句可知，此处应用过去进行时。
8．devoted/should devote 在“It is high time that ...”句型中，从句谓语应用did/should do。
9．will drop 考查动词的时态。设空处在句中作谓语，and是并列连词，前后时态一般保持一致，根据句中的won't take 可知，设空处应用一般将来时。
10．enjoyed 考查动词的时态。根据句中的came around 和lazed 可知，and连接三个过去的动作并列作谓语，故填enjoyed。
11．began 考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，空处缺少主句的谓语，根据从句的时态可知，主句为一般过去时。
12．talked 考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语。根据句首的In an interview with TOBI AWODIPE和后面的动词形式可知，本句描述过去的事，应用一般过去时。
技法2 定语态——两牢记
解题“两牢记” 典例感悟
牢记1：常考时态的被动语态构成
分析句子结构发现提示词作谓语，若与主语之间是主谓关系，应考虑用主动语态；若是动宾关系，则考虑用被动语态。
(1)牢记几种被动语态结构：
一般现在时：am/is/are done
一般过去时：was/were done
一般将来时：will be done
过去将来时：would be done
现在进行时：am/is/are being done
过去进行时：was/were being done
现在完成时：have/has been done
过去完成时：had been done
带有情态动词的被动语态的基本形式为：情态动词＋be done
1.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year.The GPNP________________(design) to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems ...
2．(2022·泰州市第四次调研)This time he________________(equip) with a newly acquired technique, which enabled most of the planted trees, well over 80%, to survive.
3．(2022·烟台市考前热身)The concept________ (spread) into the worlds of music, dance and TV dramas so far.
4．(2022·重庆市第一次联合诊断)The exam questions should focus on basic knowledge and skills, and the number of questions focusing on rote (死记硬背的) learning should________________(reduce), the notice said.
牢记2：主动形式表示被动含义
当sell、 read、 draw、 wash、 write、 open、 wear、 run、 burn等动词后有状语(well、 easily等)修饰，用来表示主语内在的品质或性能时，用主动形式表示被动含义。
5.The pink dress he wants to buy her daughter as her birthday present online________ (wash) easily.
6．The books which were written by Zhou Meisen, a famous writer in Jiangsu,________________(sell) out here up to now.
1．is designed 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。The GPNP作主语，谓语动词用单数形式；The GPNP与design之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态；根据语境可知，此处叙述的是现在的客观情况，应用一般现在时，故填is designed。
2．was equipped 考查动词的时态和语态。根据句中This time与enabled可知，句子陈述的是过去发生的事，且he与equip之间为被动关系，故填was equipped。
3．has been spread 考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，空处为句子的谓语，根据时间状语so far可知，应用现在完成时；由语境可知，动词spread与主语the concept之间为被动关系，故填has been spread。
4．be reduced 考查动词的语态。分析句子结构可知，主语questions与谓语动词reduce之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态，且情态动词should后接动词原形，故填be reduced。
5．washes 考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，空处作谓语，且表示的是主语所具有的特征时，应考虑用主动形式表示被动意义，故填washes。
6．have been sold 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据句中的时间状语up to now可知，空处应用现在完成时；根据语境可知，sell在此处强调动作，指书已经被卖完，应用现在完成时的被动语态，且主语books是复数形式，故填have been sold。
技法3 定主谓一致——三原则
解题“三原则” 典例感悟
原则1：就近一致
(1)由neither ...nor ...、 either ...or ...、 not only ...but also ...、 not ...but ...等连接并列主语时，谓语要和位置最近的主语保持一致。
(2)由there、 here引起的主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和邻近的主语保持一致。
1.(2022·广东省联考)On that day, there________ (be) lots of conventional celebration activities.
2．At present neither my wife nor I myself________ (be) able to persuade my daughter to change her mind.
原则2：就远一致
主语后跟有with、 together with、 as well as、 like、 but、 except、 along with、 rather than、 including、 in addition to等引导的短语时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。
3.Amy, as well as her brothers,________ (give) a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.
4．The musician along with his band members________________ (give) ten performances in the last three months.
原则3：语法一致
(1)由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现(不可分割的整体)时，谓语动词用单数形式。
(2)非谓语动词、从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。
(3)可数名词单数或不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
(4)集体名词看作整体时，谓语动词用单数形式；看作个体时，谓语动词用复数形式。
5.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that________________(be) previously unprotected ...
6．(2022·唐山市第一次模拟)However, as society________ (progress), the rapid rise in incomes and higher living standards will see more Chinese searching for experiences that are anything but traditional.
7．(2022·湖南长郡中学模拟)Reading articles and short posts________________(play) an important role in integrating knowledge and achievements.
1．are 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。there be句型中的谓语动词单复数一般采用“就近一致原则”，与后面的名词保持人称和数的一致，后面的中心词是activities，应用复数形式，描述一般事实用一般现在时，故填are。
2．am 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据句中的时间状语At present可知，应用一般现在时；neither ... nor ... 连接并列主语时，谓语动词的数由nor后面的主语(I)来决定，故填am。
3．was given 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。A as well as B作主语时，谓语动词的数由A，也就是本题中的Amy决定；根据last week可知，give表示的动作发生在过去，且Amy与give是被动关系，故填was given。
4．has given 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据in the last three months可知，应用现在完成时；A along with B作主语时，谓语动词的数由A决定，故填has given。
5．were 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，that引导定语从句，修饰先行词areas，谓语动词的数应与复数名词areas保持一致；空后的previously unprotected表明这个定语从句叙述的是过去发生的事，故填were。
6．progresses 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据句中的时态可知，应用一般现在时。主语society是单数名词，所以谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。
7．plays 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作谓语，主语Reading articles and short posts为单数概念；根据语境可知，用一般现在时。
Test 1
East China's port city of Quanzhou, once 1 (regard) as “the very great and noble city” by the Italian explorer Marco Polo, won UNESCO World Cultural Heritage status on Sunday, 2 (bring) the total number of the country's UNESCO World Heritage sites to 56.
UNESCO 3 (accept) “Quanzhou: Emporium of the World in Song-Yuan China” 4 a cultural property on its World Heritage List amid the ongoing 44th session of the World Heritage Committee held in Fuzhou, capital of east China's Fujian Province.
Located on narrow plains along the coastline of Fujian, Quanzhou was one of the world's largest ports along the historic Maritime Silk Road, 5 (particular) in ancient China's Song Dynasty and Yuan Dynasty.
A number of famous medieval 6 (explorer), such as Marco Polo, Friar Odoric of Pordenone, and Ibn Battuta, visited Quanzhou and wrote descriptions of the port as one of the 7 (big) harbours in the world, and a vibrant market in 8 merchants from across many different regions exchanged their goods.
This glorious past 9 (prove) by several historic sites linked to the maritime Silk Roads in Quanzhou. Additionally, as well as being one of the major hubs of commerce and exchange along the Maritime Silk Roads, Quanzhou was 10 leading centre for shipbuilding and the development of navigation technologies during the Song Dynasty.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。第44届(福州)世界遗产大会传来好消息——中国申报的文化遗产项目“泉州：宋元中国的世界海洋商贸中心”，成功地被列入“世界文化遗产名录”。
1．regarded 考查非谓语动词。这里表达被动含义“被看作”，因此用过去分词形式。
2．bringing 考查非谓语动词。这里动词-ing短语作状语，表示补充说明。
3．accepted 考查时态。根据上下文语境可知，这里应用一般过去时。
4．as 考查介词。accept ...as ...是习惯用法，意为“接受……为……”。
5．particularly 考查词形转换。根据语境可知，这里应用副词形式。
6．explorers 考查名词的单复数。上文的A number of暗示这里应用名词的复数形式。
7．biggest 考查形容词。设空前的one of the以及下文的in the world暗示这里应用形容词的最高级形式。
8．which 考查定语从句。前面的market是先行词，后面是由关系代词which引导的定语从句。
9．is proved 考查时态和语态。句中的by一词表示被动，另外这里表示客观事实，因此用一般现在时的被动语态。
10．a 考查冠词。设空后的centre为可数名词，这里表示泛指，且leading的读音以辅音音素开头，故填不定冠词a。
Test 2
You may have recently heard of NFT technology, which permits digital works of art 1 (collect) and sold for millions of dollars.
NFT is something 2 only exists in the digital world. It 3 (base) on a technology called blockchain, which is also used with digital currency systems 4 (know) as cryptocurrency.
An NFT can be attached to a piece of digital artwork or other things 5 (exist) in digital form. The NFT can be used to provide proof that the pieces are authentic. This is what permits digital artwork to be bought and sold. 6 anyone can view the work, the buyer has official ownership rights over the objects.
NFTs can exist 7 the form of images, video, music and text. They are usually bought with electronic money.
Artists like the idea of NFTs because the technology gives them a way to create and claim complete ownership over 8 (they) digital works.
Critics note that traditional art, like a painting, can be placed on a wall and looked at. But digital art is different. They point out that even though an artist can “own” a digital piece, others can 9 (easy) save a copy of the same work as a file on their computer.
10 (supporter) of NFT technology note that such ownership means the digital artwork truly belongs to the artist, who can then sell it. Other people who have the same file on their computer or phone only own a copy.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。NFT英文全称为Non-Fungible Token，翻译成中文就是：非同质化代币，具有不可分割、不可替代、独一无二等特点。
1．to be collected 考查非谓语动词。permit sb to do sth是一个固定表达，这里表示电子艺术品“被收藏”，因此用动词不定式的被动式。
2．that 考查定语从句。本句先行词为something，只能用关系代词that引导定语从句。
3．is based 考查时态和语态。根据语境可知，这里用一般现在时的被动语态。be based on意为“以……为根据；基于……”。
4．known 考查非谓语动词。这里过去分词作后置定语。known as意为“以……为人所知”。
5．existing 考查非谓语动词。这里用表达主动概念的动词-ing形式作后置定语。existing in digital form意为“以电子形式存在”。
6．While/Although/Though 考查连词。这里前后两个分句之间存在转折关系，因此用从属连词While/Although/Though引导让步状语从句。
7．in 考查介词。in the form of是固定表达，意为“以……形式”。
8．their 考查代词。本空格后面是名词短语digital works，因此这里应填入形容词性物主代词。
9．easily 考查副词。这里应用副词来修饰谓语动词save。
10．Supporters 考查名词的单复数。supporter一词为可数名词，这里应用复数形式。
