牛津译林版九年级上册 Unit 4 Growing up Period 3 Grammar 课件 (共82张PPT)

(共82张PPT)
Unit 4 Growing up
Period 3 Grammar
课文呈现
Grammar
Grammar
A. Using before, after, when and while
We use the conjunctions before, after, when and while to introduce time clauses. They can be placed at the beginning or in the middle of sentences.
Before means earlier than a certain time. before
He remained there for about a year before the NBA took notice of him.
After means later than a certain time.
After he graduated, he was forced to play in another basketball league.
When means at or during a certain time.
When he finally got the chance, he scored 20 points in his first game.
While表示在某一时间内。
While (he was) attending junior high, Spud tried out for the school team.
在上初中时，斯普德参加了校队的选拔。
One of David’s days大卫的一天
David is writing in his diary about one of his days. Help him combine his sentences using before, after, when or while. 大卫正在日记中写他的一天。帮助他用before、after、when或while组合句子。
1. I go jogging every morning. Then I have breakfast.
________________________________________________
2. I practised playing basketball for hours. I felt tired out.
________________________________________________
I have breakfast after I go jogging every morning.
I felt tired out after I practised playing basketball for hours.
3. I met Peter. I was waiting at the bus stop.
________________________________________________
4. I was watching TV. I received a call from my uncle.
________________________________________________
I was watching TV when I received a call from my uncle.
I met Peter while I was waiting at the bus stop.
5. I was ready to go to bed. My father came back from work.
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
I was ready to go to bed before my father came back from work.
B. Using since, till and until
使用连接词“自从”“直到”和“直到”引入时间从句。

因为这意味着从某个时间开始。主句中的动词经常用在现在完成时。

When we use verbs like go, leave, arrive, etc, in the main clauses, we should use the structure.当我们在主句中使用go、leave、arrival等动词时，我们应该使用这个结构
Here are more sentences from David’s diary entry. Complete his sentences with since, till or until.
1. I have been crazy about playing basketball ________ I was a little boy.
since
2. The weather has been awful this week. The rain did not stop ________ yesterday evening, so we could not practise basketball for several days.
until/till
3. We played basketball in the playground this afternoon ________ it was getting dark.
4. It is the first time we have played basketball ________ Monday. We enjoyed ourselves very much.
till/until
since
5. I waited for 20 minutes at the bus stop ________ the bus arrived.
6. It is Friday evening. I will not go to bed ________ I finish watching my favourite TV programme.
till/until
until/till
连接词“as soon as ”和“whenever”可以引入时间从句。
“As soon as ”是指发生某事时，或在某事发生后的短时间内。
Whenever means at any time.I can read books whenever I want to.
什么时候都行。我可以随时看书。
We can use every time to replace whenever.
我们可以利用每一次来替换任何时候。
C1. Simon is writing about David’s love for basketball. Help Simon complete his sentences with as soon as or whenever.C1.西蒙正在写大卫对篮球的热爱。帮助西蒙尽快或随时完成他的句子。
More about basketball 更多关于篮球的信息
1. David often goes to play basketball ___________ school is over.
1.大卫经常去打篮球___________学校结束了。
2. He watches the NBA ___________ there is a game on TV.
2.他在看NBA比赛。电视上有一场比赛。
as soon as
whenever
3. ___________ he talks about basketball, he gets excited.
3.___________他谈到篮球时，很兴奋。
4. ___________ he learnt that the NBA players would come to China, he tried his best to get a ticket.
4.___________他得知NBA球员将要来中国，他想尽办法弄到了一张门票。
As soon as
Whenever
C2. David is writing about Yao Ming, his favourite basketball star. Help him complete his article with the correct conjunctions you have learnt in this unit.
C2。大卫正在写他最喜欢的篮球明星姚明。用你在本单元学到的正确连词帮助他完成文章。
Yao Ming was born in Shanghai in 1980. He got his first basketball(1)___________ he was only four years old, but he did not become serious about basketball(2) ___________ he was 12.
when
until
Yao joined the Houston Rockets in 2002 and became the best Chinese player to ever play in the NBA. (3) ___________ he went to the USA, he knew little English, but he quickly learnt the language. The best moment in his career was in 2004—he scored 41 points in a game against the Atlanta Hawks.
Before
When Yao Ming was living in the USA, he returned to China (4) ___________ he was needed. He took part in the Olympics in 2004 and in 2008 as one of the Chinese athletes. (5) __________ he ended his basketball career, Yao has done more charity work, especially for poor Chinese teenagers.
whenever
After
考点精讲
①The best moment in his career was in 2004—he scored 41 points in a game against the Atlanta Hawks.
against / 'ɡenst/ prep. 对抗; 与……相反; 违反
考点1
We are all against his idea. 我们都反对他的想法。
Are you for or against the plan
你对这个计划是赞成还是反对呢？
Public opinion is strongly against his visit to the country.
公众观点强烈反对他访问这个国家。
The soldiers fought against the enemy bravely.
士兵们勇敢地同敌人战斗。
The teacher’s desk is against the wall. 老师的办公桌靠墙放着。
中考在线1：
Let’s put the piano over there, ________ the wall.
A. above B. against C. across D. around
【点拨】本题用词语辨析法。考查介词辨析。句意：我们把钢琴放在那边，靠着墙吧。above 在上面；against 反对，与……相反，紧靠；across 穿过；around围绕。此处应用against 表示“倚在，紧靠”之意。
B
中考在线2：
I’m strongly __________ (反对) smoking because it may cause cancer.
【点拨】be against (doing) sth. 意为“反对(做) 某事”。
against
语法讲解
考点1 before 的用法
考向1 before 用作连词
（1） before 用作连词时, 意思是“在……之前; 还没来得及……就……”。
before, after, when 和while 的用法
Before she could move, she heard a great noise, which grew be to a terrible roar. 她还没来得及动, 就听见巨大的响声, 接着就成了可怕的隆隆声。
（2） 用于“It + be + 时间段 + before...”句型中, 意思是“在……之后才……”。
It will be five years before I come back. 我五年后才回来。
如果主句中用否定式, 则表示“不多久就……”。
It won’t be long before they understand each other.
他们不久就会互相理解的。
It was not long before the enemies were driven out of their country. 不久之后, 敌人就被赶出他们国家了。
中考在线1：
Little Mary says good night to her parents _________ she goes to bed every day. [温州]
if B. until
C. before D. unless
C
before 用作介词时, 可以指时间“在……之前”,也可以指位置“在……之前”。
He arrived before me. 他比我先到。
Don’t put the cart before the horse. 不要本末倒置。
He was brought before the judge. 他被带到法官面前。
考向2 before 用作介词
中考在线2：
It’s hard to turn down a banana. They taste good and you don’t have to wash them ________ eating them.
[临沂]
until B. after C. before
【点拨】本题考查介词辨析。until 直到……；after 在……之后；before 在……之前。由句意可知选C。
C
考向 用作介词，与一段时间连用。表示“在……之后”时, 注意它与 in 的区别:after 表示以过去时间为起点的一段时间以后，且通常与过去时态连用; 而in则表示以现在为起点的一段时间以后。
考点2 after 的用法
He came back after two days. 他两天后就回来了。
He will come back in two days. 他过两天就回来。
但after 若是与时间点连用，既可用于过去时态也可用于将来时态。
He came back after 4 o’clock. 他是四点钟以后回来的。
He will come back after 5 o’clock.
他将在五点以后回来。
中考在线3：
Stephen Hawking got more than 380,000 followers in two hours ________ he put his first message on Weibo. [东营]
A. before B. since C. after D. until
【点拨】before 在……之前；since 自从；after 在……之后；until 直到……为止。
C
考向1 作副词，引导名词性从句或不定式，意为“什么时候”。从句使用陈述语序，时态根据实际情况而定。
I’d like to know when they will come.
我想知道他们什么时候来。
Can you tell me when the bank opens
你能告诉我银行什么时候开门吗？
考点3 when 的用法
考向2 作为从属连词，引导状语从句，表示多种语法意义。
考向2 作为从属连词，引导状语从句，表示多种语法意义。表示时间，意为“当……时; 在……的时候”。
（1）在时间状语从句里，用一般现在时表示将来时; 当需要表达将来完成的意义时，必须使用现在完成时来代替。
When you see him, please say hello to him.
当你见到他时, 请问他好。
（2）表示过去发生的事情时，由when 引导的时间状语从句，主从句动作发生在先的用过去完成时，发生在后的用一般过去时。
We had just fallen asleep when the bell rang.
当铃声响时，我们刚刚入睡。
中考在线4：
Swimming is, of course, interesting. But ________ we plan to go swimming, being safe must come first. [山西]
A. though B. when C. unless
【点拨】考查连词辨析。though 虽然，即使；when当……的时候；unless 除非，如果不。根据句意可知，空格处意为“当……的时候”，故选B。
B
考点4 while 的用法
考向1 while 作连词引导时间状语从句。
We must strike while the iron is hot.
我们必须趁热打铁。
While she was listening to the radio, she fell asleep.
她听着收音机睡着了。
考向2
while 后的从句谓语动词只能是延续性动词，强调主从句的两个动作同时发生;while 也可作并列连词, 表示两个动作的对比, 意为“而，然而”。
语法讲解
I was doing my homework while my sister was playing computer games.
我在做作业而我妹妹在玩电脑游戏。
中考在线5：
Lucy held her head up like a queen ________ Bill was telling his tale. [扬州]
A. after B. before C. while D. until
【点拨】考查连词辨析。句意：比尔讲故事时，露西像女王一样昂起头来。after 在……之后；before在…… 以前；while 当…… 时候； 在…… 期间；until 到……时，直到……为止。由句意可知选C。
C
考点1 since 的用法
考向1 since, till 和until 的用法
since 作为介词, 后接某一确定的时间点, 常与现在完成时、现在完成进行时或过去完成时连用。
He left the village in 1982 and I haven’t seen him since then. 1982年他离开这个村子, 从那以后我再没见过他。
She’s been working in a bank since leaving school.
她毕业后就一直在一家银行工作。
考向2 since 引导时间状语从句
①若since 引导的状语从句的谓语是终止性动词的过去式，则其表示的时间是“从动作开始的那一时刻起”。
He has studied very hard since he came to our school.
自从他来到我们学校，他学习就非常努力。
②若since 引导的状语从句的谓语动词是持续性动词或表示状态的动词的过去式，则其表示的时间是“从动作或状态结束时算起”。
I haven’t heard any noise since I slept.
我睡着后未听到任何声音。
③若since 引导的状语从句的谓语动词为持续性动词的现在完成式，则表示动作和状态延续到现在( 说话时刻)，它表示的时间的起点应从动作发生之时算起。
I haven’t heard from him since he has lived there.
自从他(开始) 住在那儿起，我就一直没收到他的来信。
中考在线6：
—Hi, Jill. I _______ in my math since you shared your good experience with me.
—Great! Congratulations!
A. have made rapid progress
B. made rapid progress
C. will make rapid progress
A
【点拨】本题用语法判定法。由后面since 引导的时间状语从句可知，前面的句子用现在完成时，故选A。
中考在线7：
—Many people have been back to their work ________ March 5th.
—Cities are brought back to life.
A. for B. in C. since D. during
【点拨】考查since 的用法。空前用了现在完成时，所以此处用“since+ 时间点”表示一段时间以来。故选C。
C
考向3 since 在特殊句型中的应用
句型① :“It has been+ 时间段+since...”表示“自从……以来到现在已有多久”，从句中谓语动词常用延续性动词的过去式。
It has been quite a long time since I was last in London.
自从我上次在伦敦至今颇有一段时间了。
语法讲解
句型② :“It was+ 时间段+since...”表示“从……到过去某时间点以来已有多久”，从句用过去完成时，且谓语动词为持续性动词。
It was three years since we had been here.
那时我们在这儿已待了三年。
考向1 until 和till 可以作介词或连词。作介词用时,后面接名词或副词; 作连词时，常引导一个时间状语从句。当它们用于肯定句中时，主句动词常为延续性动词，表示这个动作一直延续到till/until 所表示的时间为止。
考点2 till 与until
当它们引导时间状语从句时往往要用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
They worked until/till six o’clock.
他们一直工作到六点钟。
考向2 not...until 意为“直到……才”，
考向2 not...until 意为“直到……才”，主句常用终止性动词( 即非延续性动词)，表示until 所表示的时间一到，该动作就发生。
He didn’t go to bed until eleven last night.
昨天夜里他直到十一点才上床睡觉。
Einstein was not able to return to his
homeland until the war was over.
直到战争结束后爱因斯坦才得以回到祖国。
注意： not until 放在句首时主句要用倒装语序, 如上面第二个例句可以改为not until 放在句首的倒装句:Not until the war was over was Einstein able to return to his homeland.
中考在线8：Max got lost and was trapped in the forest for 10 hours _______ a farmer nearby found him. [南通]
if B. since
C. until D. after
【点拨】考查连词的用法。if 如果；since 自……以来；until 直到；after 在……之后。由句意可知选C。
C
考向3 如果要放在句首，只能用until 而不能用till。
误:Till I finished my homework, my mother didn’t let me out.
正:Until I finished my homework, my mother didn’t let me out. 直到我做完家庭作业，我妈妈才准我出去。
考向 as soon as 连接的时间状语从句中, 指未发生的动作, 规律是: 主句用一般将来时, 从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。指紧接着发生的两个短动作时,主从句都要用一般过去时。
考点1 as soon as 的用法
I will tell him the news as soon as he comes back.
他一回来我就告诉他这个消息。
As soon as I went in, Jason cried out with pleasure.
我一进门，贾森就高兴地大叫起来。
中考在线9：
The young men all shouted “Happy New Year” ________ it was twelve o’clock.
A. after B. as soon as C. if
【点拨】考查连词的用法。after 在…… 之后；as
Soon as 一……就……；if 如果。根据句意可知选B。
B
考点2 whenever 的用法
考向1 作连词, 意为“每当，无论何时”。
Come whenever you like. 你什么时候想来就来。
考向2
whenever 还可作副词, 意为“究竟什么时候”。
Whenever did you find time to do all that cooking
你怎么有时间做了这么多菜？
中考在线10：________ I am in trouble, my best friend Li Lei always helps me.
A. Whenever B. Whatever C. However D. Never
【点拨】whenever 表示“无论何时”；whatever表示“无论什么”；however 表示“无论怎么样，然而”；never 表示“从不”。根据句意“无论我何时处于困境之中，我最好的朋友李雷总是帮助我。”可知答案。
A
课堂小结