上Unit 9 Can you come to my party?语法、知识点讲解

Unit 9 Can you come to my party
一、学习单词和短语
1、on Saturday afternoon在周六下午
2、at the end of this month这个月末
3、the day after tomorrow后天
4、the day before yesterday前天
5、another time其他时间 6、 after school放学后
7、last fall去年秋天 8、by now 到现在为止
9、by this Friday 在本周 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )五之前 10、go to the doctor去看医生 11、go to the party去聚会 12、come to the party来参加聚会
13、go to the concert去音乐会 14、go bike riding去骑自行车
15、help my parents帮助我的父母
16、help sb.（to）do sth.帮助某人做某事
17、have a surprise party for sb.为某人举办一个惊喜派对
18、have an exam 有/参加考试 19、have the flu得流感
20、have a piano lesson上钢琴课
21、have a great idea about 对…有个好办法
22、hang out常去某处；泡在某处 23、look after照看；照顾
24、take a trip去旅行 25、take a trip to sp.去某地旅行
26、meet my friend会见我的朋友
27、prepare for an exam为考试做准备
28、study for a test为考试学习
29、look forward to doing sth.期盼做某事
30、reply in writing书面回复 31、reply to sth./sb.答复某事/某人
32、 without doing sth. 不/未做某事
33、invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事
34、be sad to do sth.做某事很悲伤
35 、be available to do sth. 有空做某事
36、the best way to do sth.做某事最好的方式
37、refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事 38、not…until直到……才
39、the opening of ... 的开幕式/落成典礼
40、 have to不得不 41、 too much homework太多作业
42、hear from sb. 收到某人的来信 43、write to sb. 给某人写信
44、catch you on Monday ! 周一见
45、plan a housewarming party 策划一个乔迁派对
46、 make an invitation 发出邀请
47、 accept an invitation 接受邀请
48、 turn down an invitation 拒绝邀请
二、了解语法与话题
一）谈论义务
1、用情态动词“must+动词原形”可以谈论现在或将来的义务，表示依说话人或听话人而定的义务，即表示主观认为应该做某事,如：
① I must finish my homework first. 我得先完成作业。
② I must study harder this year. 今年我必须更加努力学习。
否定式mustn’t不表达义务，只表示“禁止”做某事，如：
①不许在课堂上说话。You mustn’t talk in class. = Don’t talk in class.
2、用“have to+动词原形”可以谈论过去、现在或将来的义务，表示由于外界原因而定的义务，含有不得不做某事的味道，如：
① I have to get up early to go to work tomorrow. 我不得不早起去上班。
have to有人称和时态的变化，常用一般 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )过去时(had to )、一般现在时(have / has to )、一般将来时(will have to )，在否定句和疑问句中要用助动词，
肯定式 否定式 疑问式
一般过去时 had to didn’t have to Did…have to
一般现在时 have /has to don’t/doesn’t have to Do/does…have to
一般将来时 will have to won’t have to Will …have to
② I had to go to the doctor yesterday. 昨天我必须去看病。
③ His wife wasn’t at ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) home yesterday, so he had to cook. 昨天他妻子不在家，他只好做饭。
④ My mother is ill, I have to stay at home. 我妈妈病了，我不得不呆在家。
⑤ He has to promise to help. 他不得不答应帮忙。
⑥ I will have to look after my brother tomorrow. 明天我必须照顾我弟弟。
⑦ He will hav ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e to take a bus tomorrow because his car is broken. 明天他将必须乘公共汽车，因为他的车毁了。
否定式don’t / doesn’t /didn’t / won’t have to 表示没有义务做某事，译为“不必”，如：
① You don’t have to wash clothes today. 你不必今天洗衣服。
② You didn’t have to go home yesterday. 昨天你不必回家。
③ You won’t have to buy a pen tomorrow. 明天你不必买钢笔。
④ He doesn’t have to be angry. 他不必生气。
区分不严格时，表示现在或将来的义务，have to 与must可以换用。
疑问式Do/does…have to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )… Did …have to… Will …have to … 是询问“必须……吗”，肯定回答表示必须，否定回答表示不必，如：
①Do you have to get up early every day Yes, I do . / No, I don’t.
你必须天天早起吗？是的，必须。/不，不必天天早起。
② Did you have to clean the classroom yesterday
Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t.
昨天你必须打扫教室吗？是的，必须。/不，不必。
③ Will you have t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o go to Beijing tomorrow Yes, I will. / No, I won’t.
明天你必须去北京吗？是的，必须。/不，不必
3、should也可以表达义务, 一般是自己的主观看法，如：
①You should study harder. 你应该更努力学习了。
4 、用“ought to +动词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )原形”可以表示法定义务、规定的义务，为了让自己的意见听起来象义务或法律规定一样有力时也用ought to，如：
① Humans ought to stop polluting nature. 人类应该停止污染大自然了。
② We ought to look after children and parents. 我们应该照顾孩子和父母。
二）邀请及应答
A 、阅读听力材料和课本，整理表示邀请的问句如下，需熟记：
1. Can you come to my party on Saturday afternoon
Can you play tennis with me
Can he go to the party
Can they go to the movies
2. Would you like to go to the movies
I would like to invite you to the opening of our new library at
No. 9 High School .
3. Let’s go to the concert on the weekend.
4. Do you want to go shopping with me next week
B、整理接受邀请的句子如下，需熟记：
1. I’d love to. Do we need to bring anything
2. Sure, I ‘d love to. When
3. Sure. It sounds good/ That sounds great. When will it start
4. Sure! Catch you on Monday!
5. What a great idea!
C 、整理拒绝邀请的句子，包括陈述理由的句子如下，需熟记：
1、用have to 陈述理由的回答
1) I’m sorry, I can’t. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) I have to help my parents/ prepare for an exam / go to the doctor and study for a test/ play soccer and I have a piano lesson.
2) I’m sorry. I have to study for a math test.
3) Sorry, I can’t. I might have to meet my friend.
4) I’m sorry, I’m not free. I might have to meet my friend.
5) No, they are not free. They might have to meet their friends.
6) No, I can’t. I may have to look after my little sister.
2、用must陈述理由的回答
1) Sorry, I must go to the doctor.
2) Sorry, but I’m not available. I must study for a math test.
3) I’d love t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o come, but I’m afraid I can’t. I have an exam on Monday, so I must prepare for it .
3、用其他方式陈述理由的回答
1) I can’t, Sun Ning. I have the flu.
2) I’m afraid not. I have the flu.
3) I’m sorry ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ). I’m not available. I have too much homework this weekend.
D 、整理不确定的答复方式
1) I might be able to, but I’m not sure. I’ll let you know tomorrow.
归纳：
1、本单元出现四种表达邀请的方式：
1）Can you... 2) Would you like...
3) Let’s... 4) Do you want to ...
回答有三种情况：
1、接受邀请，常用：Sure, I’d love to .
2、拒绝邀请，结构常常是：道歉+明确拒 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )绝(I can’t / I’m afraid not / I’m not available/free) +理由（常用have to /must 表示)
3、不确定的回答：I might be able to..., but I’m not sure. I might have to ...
三、知识点、难句解析
1. remember 记住，记得，记起，常用下列结构：
1）remember+名词或代词，表示记得…，如：
① You have a good memory. You still remember my name.你记性真好，你还记得我的名字。
②He always remembers his wife’s birthday. 他总能记起他妻子的生日。
③I don't remember him.我记不起他了。
④ I'm afraid I can't remember the way. 我恐怕不记得路了。
⑤ He'll remember this day. 他会记住这一天。
2）remember 后面跟动词不定式 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，构成remember to do 结构，表示“记得要做某事”， 动词不定式to do表示（记得时）将要做的事情，常用于祈使句，如：
①—Remember to get up early. –I will.
--记得明天早起。-- 一定。
② Remember to post the letter for me. 别忘了替我把信寄出。
③ Please remember to give her the book. 请记着把这本书给她
④ Remember to carry out your promise. 记住要履行诺言.
⑤ You must remember to write home. 你必须记着给家里写信.
3）remember后面跟动名词，构成remember doing结构，表示“记得做过某事”， 动名词doing表示已经做过的事情，如：
① I remember telling the story. 我记得讲过这个故事。
②I certainly don't remember talking to you at all... 我当然完全不记得和你讲过话。
③Do you remember ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )getting some medicine for her last week 你还记得上星期给她买药的事吗
④ I don't remember ever doing him wrong. 我自问没有什么对不起他的地方。
⑤ I remember having asked her to come. 我记得曾经要她来.
⑥ I remember having seen someone take it away.我记得曾看见有人把它拿走。
⑦ I never remember h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )aving come across a man like that. 我怎么也记不起碰到过这样一个人。
4）remember后面可以跟宾语从句，如：
① I remember that I wrote to him. 我记得给他写过信了。
② Can you remember where he lives？你记得他住在哪里吗？
③ I can't remember what I said. 我记不起来自己说了什么。
5）remember me to sb. 表示代我向某人问好，如：
① Remember me to your mother. 向你母亲问好。
② Please remember me to your parents. 请代我向你父母问候.
③ Remember me to Lyle, won't you 代我问候莱尔，好吗？
2. last / this /next year 去年/今年/明年，前面不需要介词，如：
① He bought a car last year.去年他买了车。
②He always drives to work this year.今年他总是开车去上班。
③ He will be available to travel next year. 明年他将有空去旅游。
3. afraid adj. 害怕的； 担心的； 恐怕； 畏惧，害怕
1)可以放在系动词后作表语，如：
She did not seem at all afraid.她毫无惧色。
2) be afraid of sb. /doing sth. / sth. 害怕某人或某物，如：
① I’m afraid of dogs. 我怕狗。
② Most animals are afraid of fire. 大多数动物怕火。
③ I wasn't afraid ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ofthe car. I was afraid of the driver. 我不是怕那辆车, 而是怕那个开车的人.
⑤The child is afraid of strangers. 这孩子怕见生人.
⑥ He is afraid of nothing. 他什么也不怕.
⑦He is afraid of his own shadow. 他(提心吊胆)连自己的影子都害怕.
⑧He was afraid of hurting my feelings. 他怕伤了我的心。
⑨ She was afraid of waking the child. 她怕把孩子吵醒.
⑩Don't be afraid of losing face. 不要怕丢面子.
2)be afraid to do 不敢做/害怕某事，担忧, 忧虑; 担心（会发生某事）如：
①I’m afraid to swim in winter. 我不敢冬天游泳。
②I'm still afraid to sleep in my own bedroom. 我还是不敢在自己的卧室里睡觉。
③To tell you the truth, I was afraid to see him. 坦白说，我害怕见他。
④The small child was afraid to go near the dog. 那小孩子不敢靠近那条狗.
⑤He is afraid to go there. 他不敢到那里去.
⑥She was afraid to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )say anything to them for fear of hurting their feelings. 她什么都不敢对他们说，以免伤害他们的感情。
3) be afraid that ... 恐怕... ... （用以道歉或婉转地提出异议）很抱歉，很遗憾，恐怕，如：
① I'm afraid ( that ) I'll be late. 我可能要迟到了.
②"I'm afraid he's ill." — "I'm sorry to hear that." “恐怕他生病了。”—“真是遗憾。”
③I'm afraid I can't help you... 恐怕我帮不了你。
④I'm afraid I don't follow. 恐怕我没明白
⑤I was afraid that nobody would believe me. 我担心没有人会相信我。
4) be afraid not . 恐怕不... ...be afraid so. 恐怕如此，是人不希望的答复，如：
①-- Can you come to my party /Can you pass the exam
--I’m afraid not.
②'Bad news ' — 'I'm afraid so.' “坏消息吗？”—“恐怕是。”
③“Are you late ” “I am afraid so.”“你晚点了吗 ”“恐怕是晚了。”
4. not...until. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ).. 直到......才...... not部分是个主句，是否定结构，表达肯定概念，意思是“才做某事”；until...引导一个时间，可以是一个时间点，也可以是一个从句，意思是“直到什么时候”；当until引导一个从句时，那叫时间状语从句；如果表示将来的事情时，主句用一般将来时、祈使句或情态动词的一般现在时，时间状语用一般现在时；如：
① I didn’t wake up ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )until 8:00 a.m. yesterday. 昨天直到早上八点我才醒。（until引导一个时间点）
② I don’t go to bed u ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ntil I finish my homework every night. 每天晚上完成作业我才睡觉。（until引导一个时间状语从句，整个句子描述的现在经常发生的事情，所以，主句和从句都用一般现在时态）
③ I won’t do m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y homework until I get to school tomorrow. 明天到校后我再做作业。（until引导一个时间状语从句，整个句子描述的将来的事情，所以，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时态）
5. Sure ! Catch you on Monday! 当然，周一见！
6. I really like Ms. Steen a lot . 我的确非常喜欢斯蒂恩女士。
1）a lot 非常，相当于very much.放在动词后，修饰动词，表示程度，如：
① I like swimming very much/ a lot. 我非常喜欢游泳。
2) a little 一点，也可以放在动词后，修饰动词，表示程度，如：
① I like English a little. 我有点喜欢英语。
3）not ...at all... 一点也不
① I don’t like onions at all. 我一点也不喜欢洋葱。
7. available adj. 可获得的； 有空的；be available to do sth. 有空做
①我没空看电视。I’m not available to watch TV.
② Mr. Green is not available just now. 格林先生这会儿没时间。
③ The doctor is not available now. 医生现在没空
④Breakfast is available to students from 6 a.m. 从早上6点开始向学生提供早餐。
⑤Free beer will be available. 将会有免费啤酒。
⑥Milk is available too. 还提供牛奶。
⑦ This book is not available here. 这里没有这本书.
8. As I’m sure ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )you know by now, our favourite teacher, Ms Steen, is leaving soon to go back to the US.我相信至今你们都已经知道，我们最喜欢的老师，史蒂芬女士，就要离开我们返回美国了。
1）副词，的确，确实，如：
It sure is hot, he thought. 天的确太热了，他想
2）sure = certainly = of course 形容词，当然, 没问题（回答请求），如：
①--Could you help washing the dishes —Sure.
---帮忙洗洗餐具好吗？---当然。
3）be sure 用法
①be sure to do sth. 一定会... ，放在句首，做成祈使句时，表示嘱咐或要求，意思是“一定要/务必 ”，如：
She is sure to pass the text. 她一定能通过考试。
He's sure to win. 他一定会赢.
He is sure to be back soon.他不久一定会回来。
Get up steam, and you will be sure to succeed. 加把劲, 你一定会成功的
He is sure to be pleased [ happy ] at the news. 他听到这个消息一定很 高兴.
When two tigers fight, one is sure to lose. 两虎相争,必有一伤.
The doctor is sure to pull her through. 医生一定能使她康复.
Be sure to come tomorrow. 明天务必要来。
Be sure to shut all the doors before you leave. 在离开前,务必把所有的门都关上.
Be sure to do the sowing in good time. 确保适时播种.
Be sure to write and give me all the news. 务必写信告诉我所有的消息.
②be sure of /about.... 对...有把握，后面可以跟名词，也可以跟从句， 如：
I’m sure of the result. 我对这个结果有把握。
she is quite sure of success. 她很有成功的把握.
I'm not sure about [ of ] his ability. 我对他的能力还心中无数
I am not sure of what he has said at the meeting.他在会上说了些什么我不太清楚。
③be sure of oneself 有自信
He is sure of himself. 他很自信.
④be sure + 从句 确信... ， 如：
I’m sure that he will succeed. 我确信他会成功。
I'm sure that she will like this book.我确信她喜欢这本书。
I'm not quite sure where he is.我不能确定他在哪儿。
I'm sure all the big names will come to the club. 我相信所有的大人物都会到这个俱乐部来。
The doctor is sure he will pull through. 医生确信他会康复的.
4）make sure 用法
① make sure of sth. 核实
你应该核实时间。You should make sure of the time
Go and make sure of the place and time. 去把时间和地点弄清楚.
②make sure + 从句 确保；
Make sure (that) anyone else knows the secrets.确保别的人人都知道这个秘密。
Just make sure you shut the gate after you. 进来后务必关上大门。
In future, make sure you get here on time. 今后, 要保证准时来这里.
③Make sure to turn off the light before you leave. 临走前一定要熄灯.
9. surprise
1) 动词，使惊奇, 使诧异 ，如：
He may surprise us all yet.他总有一天会让我们大家惊奇。
It surprised me to see so many people there.在那里看到那么多人使我感到意外。
2）名词，惊奇，令人惊奇的事，如：
I got a big surprise.我大吃一惊。
The whole thing is a surprise to us.整个事情出乎我们的意料。
3) to one’s surprise 令人吃惊的是
( look at sb./ sth.) in surprise 吃惊地(看着某人或某事)
①To my surprise, Tom is swimming. 令我吃惊的是，汤姆在游泳。
②Bob tried the door ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ). To his surprise it opened. 鲍勃试着推了推门。令他吃惊的是，门竟然开了。
③I looked at him in surprise. 我吃惊地看了看他。
④He looked up in surprise.他惊奇地抬头看了一下
4）surprised，形容词，吃惊的， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )常用人作主语， be surprised 后面可以跟不定式，构成be surprised to see/ hear/ find... 结构，表示“看见/听见/发现.......很吃惊”，可以跟从句，还可以用be surprised at (hearing/finding..) sth., 如：
①I’m surprised to see Tom swim in winter. 看见汤姆冬天游泳我很吃惊。
Zhang seemed surprised ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to find the big living-room empty... 张看到偌大的客厅里空无一人，似乎很惊讶。
I was very much surprised at the news.听到那消息我非常诧异。
I was surprised at hearing him say so.我听到他这样说很吃惊。
I was surprised why he came here so early.他为什么那么早到这里, 我很惊奇。
5) surprising ad ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )j. 使人惊讶的，出人意料的, surprising常作表语，用令人吃惊的事或物作主语；surprising也可以放在名词前，做名词的定语，如：
①It was surprising ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )that he finished writing a novel in only twenty days.他在二十天内写完了一本小说, 真令人吃惊。（It是形式主语，真正的主语是从句that he finished writing a novel in only twenty days）
②It is a rather surprising result. 这是相当令人吃惊的成就.
③It is surprising that he should have been so clever. 真想不到他会那样聪明.
④This is a surprising answer, a tricky proof. 这是一个出人意料的答案, 一个微妙机巧的证明
10. so that...为了，以便； 结果，以致；常用来引导一个目的状语从句，如：
①I got up early this ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) morning so that I could catch the train. 为了走上火车，我今天起的很早。
②Hold it up so that we can see it. 把它举起来让我们看看。
③People wear glasses so that they can see better. 人们戴眼镜是为了看得更清楚.
④Write to him at ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )once so that he may know in time. 马上写信给他,使他能够及时了解情况.
⑤Tell me her address so that I can go and see her. 把她的地址告诉我,我好找她.
⑥Bring it nearer so that I may see it better. 把它拿近点,以便使我看得清楚些.
⑦He studies hard ( ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) so ) that he might serve the country well. 他刻苦学习,为了能很好地为祖国服务.
11.look forward to 期待，期盼，后面可以跟名词、代词、动名词，如：
①Children look forward to the New Year. 小孩子都期盼新年。
②I’m looking forward to travelling in Beijing. 我期待着去北京旅游.
③I look forward to hearing from you in the near future. 我盼望着不久收到你的信.
④I'm looking forward to your visit next week.我在盼望着你下周光临。
⑤We look forward to seeing you again.我们期待着与你再次相见。
12. reply 名词，动词，意思是 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )答复，回复，常用短语：reply to sb. 回复某人，reply to the invitation 答复邀请，reply in writing 书面回复
①David has had 12 replies to his ad... 戴维的广告已经有12条回复了。
②We wait on your reply to our letter. 我们等着你们的回信
③Tom replied that he had finished the work. 汤姆回答说他已完成了那项工作。
④He failed to reply.他未作回答
⑤He did not reply to her question right away. 他没有马上回答她的问题.
⑥She waved her hand in reply. 她挥了挥手作为回答.
⑦I wrote, but she did not reply. 我写了信, 但她没有回信.