上Unit 8 How do you make a banana milk shake?语法、知识点讲解

Unit 8 How do you make a banana milk shake
一、祈使句
1、用法：表达命令、请求、鼓励的句子。
2、句子结构：祈使句分为肯定祈使句和否定祈使句两种情况。
肯定祈使句构成：动词原形+其他。
1）Stand up! 起立！
2）Sit down! 坐下！
3）Open the door, please. 请把门打开。
4）Clean the classroom, please. 请把教室打扫一下。
5）Come on! 加油！
否定祈使句构成：Don’t +动词原形+其他。
1) Don’t talk in class! 课堂上不许说话！
2）Don’t be late for class! 不许迟到！
3）Don’t stay up late! 不要熬夜！
二、可数名词与不可数名词
名词有可数与不可数之分。可数名词已学过，现在我们归结一下不可数名词
1、常见的不可数名词
表示汽体或液体的，如：water, milk, soup, juice, honey, yogurt,
tea, coffee, gravy, ice-cream,…
肉类：meat, chicken, fish, beef, …
自然现象：rain, wind, snow, fog (雾),…
其他：cabbage, lettuce, sugar, bread , hair, money, pepper,…
2、不可数名词的数量表示法
1）不可数名词不可以和基数词(one, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )two, three…)或不定冠词（a, an）连用，没有复数，但是，当不可数名词表示份数或一场、一阵等时，前面可以加不定冠词a/ an, 如：
① Can I have a coffee 我可以要份咖啡吗？
② What a heavy rain! 好大一场雨啊！
2）不可数名词的数量可以用some, any, much, a lot of , lots of，a little 等来表达，如：
① Cut up some meat. 切一些肉。
② We need a lot of/ much lettuce. 我们需要许多生菜。
3）不可数名词还可以用容器表达数量，如：a cup of , two cups of ,
a spoon of , two spoo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ns of , a bag of , two bags of , a piece of , two pieces of …，如：
① Would you like a cup of tea 要不要喝杯茶？
② We need two spoons of honey to make the fruit salad. 做水果沙拉需要两勺蜂蜜。
③ I ate three pieces of bread. 我吃了三块面包。
4) 不可数名词还可以用度量单位表达数量，如用a kilo of , two kilos of …等来表达。
① I bought two kilos of meat. 我买了两公斤肉。
② We need a kilo of sugar. 我们需要一公斤糖。
三、询问与回答物品的数量
1)询问可数名词表达的物品的数量用：How many + 可数名词复数 +一般疑问句？如：
①--How many apples do we need 我们需要多少苹果？
--We need ten .我们需要十个苹果。
②--How many eggs do we need to make egg soup 做鸡蛋汤我们需要多少鸡蛋？
--Two .两个。
③—家里有多少香蕉？--十根。
How many bananas are there at home
There are ten.
当How many与there be 举行 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )搭配时，there be用复数形式，回答时there be在单复数方面要与后面的名词形式保持一致。如：
④-课桌上有几本书？--只要一本。
--How many books are there on the desk
-- There is only one.
⑤ --教室里有几个男生？--有二十个。
--How many boys are there in the classroom
-- There are twenty.
2)当询问不可数名词表达的物品的数量时，用How much +不可数名词+一般疑问句？如：
①--我们需要多少酸奶？--一杯。
--How much yogurt do we need --We need one cup (of yogurt.)
②--做奶昔我们需要多少牛奶？-- 一斤。
--How much milk do we need to make a milk shake
--One kilo(of milk).
当How much与the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re be 进行搭配时，there be用单数形式，回答时，句中若有表达数量的短语如a spoon of , two spoons of 时,则there be在单复数方面要与后面表达数量的名词形式保持一致。如：
③--冰箱里有多少面包？--三片。
--How much bread is there in the fridge
—There are three (p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ieces of bread).（there be在单复数方面要与pieces保持一致，都用了复数形式。
④--杯子里有多少奶？--一点。
--How much milk is there in the cup
--There is a litt ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )le.（句中没有a spoon of, two spoons of一类的表达数量的短语，there be在单复数方面要与后面的名词保持一致，本句名词为不可数名词milk，there be用单数）
四、学习描述程序
描述一个程序时，注意两点：
1、描述一个程序时，常用祈使句。
2、要正确使用表示顺序的词，一般是：first, next, then , finally
五、做中学，请整理本单元的物品制作程序，并教会一个同学。
1）A: How do you make a banana milk shake
B: First peel three bananas.
Then cut up the bananas.
Now put the bananas and ice-cream in the blender.
Then pour the milk into the blender.
Next, turn on the blender.
Finally, pour the milk shake into a glass and drink it .
2) A: How do you make Russian soup
B: First, buy ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )some beef, one cabbage, four carrots, three potatoes, five tomatoes and one onion.
Then, cut up the vegetables.
Next, put the be ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ef, carrots and potatoes into a pot and add some water.
After that, cook them for 30 minutes.
Then, add the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) cabbage, tomatoes and onion and cook for another 10 minutes.
Finally, don’t forget to add some salt.
3) A: How do you make a cheese sandwich
B: First， put some butter on a piece of bread.
Next, cut up some tomatoes. Put the tomatoes on the sandwich.
Next, cut up an onion.
Next, put some cheese on the sandwich.
Then, put some lettuce on the cheese.
Finally, put another piece of bread on top.
4）A: How do you make rice noodles
B: First, wash the lettuce and cut it up .
Next, cut the chicken into pieces.
Then, make the chicken soup very hot , over 100 ℃.
Then, coo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )k the eggs, meat and lettuce in the pot of hot soup, one by one.
Finally, put the rice noodles into the soup.
5) A: How do you make turkey
B: First, mix together some bread pieces, onions,salt and pepper .
Next, fill the turkey with this bread mix.
Then, put the turkey in a hot oven and cook it for a few hours.
When it is ready, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )place the turkey on a large plate and cover it with gravy.
Finally, cut t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he turkey into thin pieces, and eat the meat with vegetables like carrots and potatoes.
六、整理本单元编写程序用到的动词或短语
1、剥香蕉皮 peel the bananas
2、切香蕉/蔬菜/生菜 cut up the bananas / vegetables / lettuce
3、把鸡切成块 cut the chicken into pieces
4、把火鸡切成薄片 cut the turkey into thin pieces
5、洗洗蔬菜/生菜 wash the lettuce / vegetables
6、把香蕉放入搅拌机 put the bananas in the blender
7、把玉米放入爆米花机 put the corn into the popcorn machine
8、把火鸡放入热烤箱 put the turkey in the hot oven
9、把火鸡放在一个大盘子上 place/ put the turkey on a large plate
10、把牛奶倒入搅拌机 pour the milk into the blender
11、加上水和盐 add the water and salt
12、打开搅拌机 turn on the blender
13、煮十分钟 cook for ten minutes
14、把面包片、盐和甜椒混在一起 mix together the bread pieces ,salt and pepper
15、把面包混合料填入火鸡 fill the turkey with the bread mix
16、用肉汁浇/用肉汁覆盖它 cover it with gravy
七、其他语言点
1、another 又一个，又一些 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，表示除了原有的，还需要一个或一些，后面可以跟可数名词单数，可以跟不可数名词，可以跟“数量+复数名词 ”，如：
① I need another book. 我还需要一本书。
② I ate another two apples. 我又吃了两个苹果。
③ I’ll wait for another two hours. 我再等两个小时。
④ I see another boy. 我又看见一个男孩.
2、 fill … with… 用……把……填满，用……填充……
① Fill the pot with hot water. 把壶灌满水。
② Fill the fish with the mix. 把混合料填入鱼中。
③ He filled the hole with the waste. 他把垃圾填坑里了。
3、cover …with… 用……覆盖上……
① Cover the food with a piece of paper. 用纸把食物盖上。
②She covered the boy with her clothes. 她用自己的衣服给孩子盖上了。
4、celebrate…by doing sth. 通过…（方式）庆祝
①We celebrate New Year by visiting parents and eating a big meal.
我们通过看望父母吃大餐来庆祝新年。
②We celebrate Teachers’Day by sending messages. 我们发短信庆祝教师节。
③ We celebrate b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )irthday by eating eggs and long noodles.我们吃鸡蛋和长寿面庆祝生日。
八、用上述表达顺序的副词，编写洗衣服的程序
1、在洗衣机中冲入水，把衣服放入洗衣机，打开洗衣机。
2、把衣服捞出，弄干。
3、在洗衣机中注入新水，把衣服放入洗衣机，打开洗衣机。
4、把衣服捞出，放在太阳下。
（参考答案：
First, pour th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e water into the washing machine, put the clothes in it and turn in on.
Then, take out the clothes and dry them.
Next, pour c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lean water into the machine, put the clothes in it and turn it on.
Finally, take out the clothes and put them in the sun. )