2023年中考英语专题 题型四 短文填空课件（57张PPT）

(共57张PPT)
第二部分 名师题型攻关
题型四 短文填空
01
题型解读
02
名师点拨
03
真题剖析
04
强化训练
题型解读
一、命题规律
广东省中考英语的短文填空设置10个空，要求考生根据上下文盲填，每空1.5分，共15分。此题考查考生在语境中运用语法及词汇的能力，难度较大。文章词数在200左右，立意鲜明，常通过主人公的故事传播宣扬具有教育意义的主题，是非常积极、正面的语言材料。文章容易理解，主要考查学生语言知识在文章载体中的运用能力。
短文填空对考生把握篇章结构和逻辑推理的能力要求较高，不仅对学生在语境中单词的运用能力有所要求，而且要求学生学会“瞻前顾后”，联系上下文得出答案。短文填空的考点比较广泛，主要有：动词、名词、代词、形容词、副词、连词、介词、冠词（以上各种词类在命题考查时和语法选择考查角度会有所不同，其中冠词也有可能不设题）等，其中也包含了对固定搭配和句型等的考查。
二、考情分析
年份 体裁 词数 话题 考点分布
动词 名词 代词 形容词 副词 介词 连词 冠词
2022 说明文 182 茶文化 2 1 1 1 4 1 / /
2021 记叙文 202 人物介绍 3 1 2 1 / 1 2 /
2020 记叙文 196 帮助他人 2 2 3 1 / 1 1 /
2019 记叙文 179 地点介绍 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1
2018 记叙文 227 家庭 2 / 2 1 3 1 / 1
名师点拨
1.浏览全文，掌握大意
（1）进行跳格阅读；（2）注意文章的时态
2.仔细分析，确定答案
（1）固定搭配
短文填空每年都有考查固定搭配的题目，考生在备考中要积累中考中常见的短语、句式并掌握其用法。
例：（2021广东中考节选）But Lao Pan did not begin to understand China ___70___ he and his family took a 3－month drive around the country.
until
解析：not… until/till“直到……才”是固定搭配，故填until。
（2）上下文推断
短文填空有些答案需要考生联系上下文语境推断得出。后面的信息往往有助于对前面内容的理解，遇到困难时不要仅仅盯着这一空格，应该继续读下去。
例：（2021广东中考节选）These experiences in China gave him ideas for his books.Since then he has ___71___ thirteen books about China.
written/finished/published
解析：根据上文“These experiences in China gave him ideas for his books”可知，在中国的这些经历给予了他写书的灵感，由此推测71题所在句意为“从那时起，他已经写了/完成了/出版了13本关于中国的书”。故填written/finished/published。
（3）词汇复现
反复阅读上下文，有些答案在文中就能找到。
（2021广东中考节选）Lao Pan's new book includes his forty－seven __73__ to his family back in America.The letters show China's development in different periods.
letters
解析：根据下一句中“The letters show…”可知73题所在句说的是把47封“信”写进了新书中，再根据forty－seven可知用名词的复数形式，故填letters。
（4）常识推断
短文填空有些答案需要根据生活和科学常识，结合语境得出。如“真题剖析”中的71题。
3.通读全文，检查核对
检查时，除了要检查单词拼写是否正确无误，还要特别注意词形变化，要结合上下文判断所填单词的时态是否正确。
（2022广东）Would you like to start your day with a cup of tea If the answer is ___66___， you may have the same habit as many people.
真题剖析
yes
66.yes　【上下文推断】考查副词。“Would you like…？”用yes或no回答，由后文“the same habit as many people”可知是肯定回答。故填yes。
You may not know ___67___ popular tea is.Among all kinds of drinks, tea is one of the most popular two choices.People like it because it is ___68___ for their health.
how
67.how　【固定搭配】考查感叹句式。对形容词或副词进行感叹应用“How＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语！”。故填how。
good
68.good　【上下文推断和固定搭配】考查形容词。根据前半句“人们喜欢它”可推断后半句意为“因为它对人们的健康有好处”。“be good for”意为“对……有好处”。故填good。
Tea is mostly produced ___69___ Asian countries like China and India.Chinese people started to drink tea as early as 5，000 years ___70___.At that time, people made tea in a simple way.They just put fresh tea leaves into hot ___71___.
in
69.in　【固定搭配】考查介词。“in＋大地点”表示“在某地”。故填in。
ago
70.ago　【固定搭配】考查副词。“时间段＋ago”表示“多久以前”。故填ago。
water
71.water　【常识推断】考查名词。根据常识，泡茶需要用水，故此处填water。
Tea wasn't introduced into Europe until the early 17th century.And now it has ___72___ popular in Europe and America.People there like to ___73___ tea with sugar or milk in it.As the population of tea drinkers gets larger, tea business is getting ___74___ important than before.
become/been
72.become/been　【上下文推断】考查动词。根据上文可知，此句表示“现在它在欧洲和美国变得流行起来”，因此空处填become/been（注意现在完成时结构为“has＋过去分词”）。
drink
73.drink　【词汇复现】考查动词。根据后句中的“tea drinkers”可知此处为喝茶，即“drink tea”。故填drink。
Tea wasn't introduced into Europe until the early 17th century.And now it has ___72___ popular in Europe and America.People there like to ___73___ tea with sugar or milk in it.As the population of tea drinkers gets larger, tea business is getting ___74___ important than before.
more
74.more　【上下文推断】考查形容词的比较级。根据空后的than可知应填形容词比较级，important为多音节词，前面应加more。故填more。
The first International Tea Day was on May 21st, 2020.Since then, people have celebrated ___75___ every year.The Day makes people realize the importance of tea workers and tea culture.
it
75.it　【上下文推断】考查代词。句意为“从那时起，人们每年都庆祝它”，空格处指代“International Tea Day”。故填it。
【短文大意】本文主要介绍了茶文化的发展。
训练一（2022德阳改编）
强化训练
There was a big lake in the forest.A crocodile（鳄鱼） with his wife lived in the lake.They ate fishes.By the lake stood a big 1.__________.A monkey lived in it.He ate fruits.The monkey and the crocodile met every day and often played together.
tree
1．根据下文第三段中的“I left my heart in the tree.”可知应该是湖边有棵树。故填tree。
One day, the crocodile's wife saw the monkey and she wanted to eat the monkey's 2.__________.She said to her husband, “I don't want to eat fishes in the lake any 3._____________.
heart
2．根据下文中“I think the monkey's heart must be delicious.”可知鳄鱼妻子想吃猴子的心脏。故填heart。
more/longer
3．not any more/longer表示“不再……”。
I think the monkey's heart must be delicious.Go and get it for 4.__________ ！” The crocodile didn't agree.But his wife added, “Don't worry.Just bring him here and try to push him 5.__________ into the water.” After thinking for a long time, the crocodile 6._______________.
me
6．根据下文中鳄鱼邀请猴子去湖边玩可知，鳄鱼同意了妻子的提议。故填agreed/nodded。
down
agreed/nodded
The next day the crocodile invited the monkey to play by the lake.7._____________ they were playing, the crocodile pushed the monkey down into the water.The monkey asked the crocodile 8.__________ he did that.The crocodile said, “My wife wants to eat your heart.”
While/When
8．根据下文中鳄鱼解释那么做的原因可知，应该是猴子问他为什么要那么做。故填why。
why
The monkey was shocked but he said, “I left my heart in the tree.Let's go to 9._____________ it.” The crocodile agreed.When they reached the tree, the monkey climbed up the tree as 10.________________ as possible and said, “My heart is in my body.”
take/get/fetch
10．猴子应该是尽快爬到了树上以防止鳄鱼吃掉他，故填quickly/fast/soon。
quickly/fast/soon
短文大意：本文主要讲述了鳄鱼妻子想要吃一只猴子的心脏，所以让丈夫把猴子带来，并把他推到水里，猴子告诉鳄鱼丈夫，他的心脏在树上，结果猴子很快就爬到了树上，脱离了危险。
训练二（2022贺州改编）
A man sees a butterfly.The butterfly tries to get out of its chrysalis（蛹）.The man cut the chrysalis and the 1.__________ comes out easily.To his surprise, the butterfly is 2.__________ to fly.
butterfly
1．蛹里是蝴蝶，因此蛹破了应该是蝴蝶很容易就出来了。故填butterfly。
unable
2．根据后文“it can't fly”可知蝴蝶不能飞，故填unable。
If the butterfly doesn't struggle（挣扎） to get 3.__________ of the chrysalis, it can't fly.The struggle develops the energy in the butterfly.Similarly, the challenges of life 4.__________ out the best in young people and prepare the ability to “fly”.
out
4．bring out the best in sb.发挥某人的长处。
bring
When people are young, meeting and overcoming challenges will make 5.__________ strong and ready to face life.For successful people, the 6.__________ challenges they have had, the more successful they are.
them
6．the more…， the more…越……，越……。
more
One famous man, who now owns many big factories, used to 7.__________ socks from door to door to make a living when he was young.Another successful man is Eric.He set up a college at the 8.__________ of 30.His father died when he was only 16.He worked hard in the day and studied hard in the night.
sell
7．根据后半句中的make a living可知应该是卖袜子。故填sell。
age
8．at the age of在……岁的时候。
His father's death forced him to 9.__________ up fast.He took up the challenges and overcame them.Today, not only he himself, 10.__________ also his brothers and sisters are leading successful lives.
grow
9．句意：父亲的去世让他很快成长起来。grow up成长。
but
10．not only… but also…不仅……而且……。
Nowadays, some parents and teachers actively encourage young people to face challenges.It is important for them to learn to meet challenges and overcome them.
短文大意：本文通过蝴蝶借助外力作用破茧而出但不能飞的故事告诉我们：人要勇于面对挑战，挑战越多，就越成功。
训练三（2022大连改编）
Losing a toy is never a good feeling, especially if you're a little kid and the toy is a big talking “Buzz Lightyear（巴斯光年）”.
Hagen, a 2－year－old boy, recently traveled with his family and unluckily left his Buss on the 1.__________. Hagen didn't even know Buzz was gone 2.__________ the family were in their car.
plane
1．根据第四段第一句中的“noticed Buzz on the plane”可知是把玩具落在了飞机上。故填plane。
until
2．not… until…直到……才……。
That was too late.Hagen's mother explained that Buzz was on a “special mission（任务）” and planned to buy a new one for 3.__________.But to the little boy, it was still the end of the world.However, the family didn't expect that Buzz would soon be 4.__________.
hims
back
Jason William Hamm, a Southwest Airlines worker, noticed Buzz on the plane.He knew someone was missing his “friend” badly and he decided to 5.___________ Buzz to his owner.But he didn't 6.__________ whose the toy was.
return/send
5．根据后文可知，Jason把巴斯光年寄给了Hagen，因此这里应该是他决定还给/邮寄给它的主人。故填return/send。
know
6．根据后句中的“Luckily Hagen's name was on the bottom of Buzz's shoe”可知，Jason刚开始不知道玩具的主人是谁。故填know。
Luckily Hagen's name was on the bottom of Buzz's shoe and the plane only had one passenger 7.____________ Hagen that day.A few days 8._________， Hagen received a big box.Jason sent Buzz home.There was also a note from “Buzz Lightyear” for Hagen and some photos of his adventure around the airport.
named/called
7．根据上下文可推知此处意为“只有一个叫做Hagen的乘客”，故填named/called。
later
8．a few days later几天以后。
“It's surprising to see 9.__________ the kind man has done for my son.People are still do 10.________________ good for strangers，” said the boy's mother.“It will be a memory to cherish（珍惜） forever.”
what
something/things
短文大意：本文主要讲述了航空公司工作人员Jason帮助Hagen找回遗留在飞机上的玩具的故事。
训练四（2022娄底改编）
Brandon Collins－Green is a man from Canada.He is 1.__________ in Chinese poems.He spends nearly ten hours a day translating Chinese poems into English.He has 2.__________ more than 1，000 Chinese poems since six years ago.
interested
1．be interested in对……感兴趣。
translated
2．根据上句中的“translating Chinese poems”可知此处指他已经翻译了1000多首汉语诗歌，又根据空前的have可知应使用过去分词。故填translated。
After translating a Chinese poem into a（n） 3._________ one, Collins－Green often writes it down on a piece of paper with a brush pen.He also draws a picture beside the 4._________ to help show the meaning of the Chinese poem.He connects Chinese and foreign cultures 5._________ his paintings.He writes the poems in English, 6._________ his readers can have a better understanding about Chinese poems, even Chinese history and culture.
English
3．根据上文可知， Collins－Green是把汉语诗歌翻译成英文，故填English。
poem
with
so
5．connect… with…把……和……联系起来。
6．后句是前句的结果，应用so连接。
Brandon Collins－Green is studying for his doctor's degree in China now.He wants to learn another foreign 7.__________ if his Chinese is good enough, but that day hasn't arrived yet.He has found 8.__________ is always new knowledge to learn in Chinese.
7．汉语和英语都是语言，因此填language。
language
there
Collins－Green has a small workshop（工作坊） near his university.The place is small, but he likes it very much because he can 9.__________ attention to his translation work in his workshop.
Collins－Green hopes that his works can help 10.__________ western people know China than before, and come to see how fast it is changing and enjoy the beauty of its culture by themselves.
pay
9．pay attention to注意。
more
短文大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个加拿大人Brandon Collins－Green因为对中国诗歌感兴趣，从而花很多年精力把汉语诗歌翻译成英文，帮助更多的西方人更了解中国。
训练五（2022泰州改编）
It was a beautiful fall day.I was out riding my bicycle.I guessed I rode over a hole in the road.All of a 1.__________， WHAM（砰）！I fell off my bicycle.My right side really hurt!
sudden
1．all of a sudden突然。
My head hit the ground heavily.I lay there for a（n） 2.__________ minutes.I tried to get up, but I failed! “There must be something wrong with me，” I thought.I felt 3.__________ terrible that I had to still lie there.Then I saw blood on my shoe.My hand and knee were 4.__________.
few
2．空后minutes为复数形式，应用a few修饰。
so
bleeding
3．so… that…如此……以至于……。
4．根据前一句看到血可知是流血了，空前为were，故填bleeding。
As I lay there, I took off my 5.__________.There was a sharp rock sticking out of it.I 6.__________ at it in fear.Thank goodness I wore my helmet!
5．根据最后一段“I'm so glad you were wearing your helmet.”可知应是取下头盔。故填helmet。
helmet
6．look at看，故事发生在过去，所以用过去式，填looked。
looked
I shouted 7.__________ help.At that time, a truck went by.The driver stopped his truck and came to help me.He put my bicycle in the back of his truck and drove 8.__________ to the hospital.
7．shout for help呼救。
for
me
When my mother got to the hospital, she gave me a big hug.“I'm so glad you were wearing your helmet.The helmet 9.__________ your life，” she said.She knew I was careless and did not always wear my helmet.“Mum, it was not the helmet itself that saved my life, 10.__________ safety awareness did.I'll ride my bicycle with great care later on！”
saved
9．文章主要讲作者克服恐惧进行游泳的故事，故选B。
10．not… but…不是……而是……。
but
短文大意：本文讲述了作者在骑车时摔倒，安全意识救了他的命的故事。
训练六（2022湘潭改编）
Shaoshan is a famous city, the hometown of Chairman（主席） Mao Zedong.He once lived, studied, and worked there.Shaoshan is a comfortable place 1.__________ flowers blooming（开花） and birds singing all year round.Shaoshan is a（n） 2.__________ which is almost in the middle of Hunan, about 40 kilometers from Xiangtan City and 100 kilometers from Changsha City.
with
2．韶山是个地方/城市，故填place/city。
place/city
As the high－speed 3.__________ are available, more and more people come here by train.For example, it only 4.__________ less than half an hour from Changsha City to Shaoshan.Others still want to drive their 5.__________ cars with families or friends.
trains
3．根据后半句中的“come here by train”可知填trains。
takes
4．it takes some time to some place到某地需要多长时间。
5．句意：其他人依然想要和家人或朋友一起开他们自己的车。one's own某人自己的。
own
If people come here on December 26th, it will be the best 6.__________.On that day there are a lot of celebrations, 7.__________ it's Chairman Mao's birthday.
time/day
6．December 26th是个具体的日期，故填time/day。
because
7．后半句解释原因，引导原因状语从句应用because。
Visitors from all over the country come here to 8.__________ their respect.They also look forward to watching The Most Memorable Shaoshan（《最忆韶山冲》）， which can help 9.__________ better understand Chairman Mao.They will be deeply moved and encouraged.Besides, it is not 10.__________ a good place for students to have school trips, but also an education base for them to learn about the history of the Communist Party of China.
show
them
10．not only… but also…不仅……而且……。
only
短文大意：本文主要介绍了韶山这座著名的城市，韶山也是毛主席的故乡。
谢谢大家！