2023年中考英语专题 话题十四 灾害防范课件(共63张PPT)

(共63张PPT)
第三部分 名师话题复习
话题十四 灾害防范
01
基础梳理
02
语境运用
03
强化训练
课标要求：自然灾害与防范措施，人身安全与自我保护
基础梳理
n. 1.typhoon 台风 2.earthquake地震 3.flood 洪水
4.lightning闪电 5.tsunami 海啸
6.blizzard/snowstorm暴风雪 7.drought 干旱 8.rainstorm暴风雨 9.wildfire 野火 10.virus 病毒 11.hurricane 飓风 12.tornado 龙卷风 13.disaster灾难 14.accident意外 15.sandstorm沙暴 16.instruction说明 17.thunderstorm 雷暴雨 18.volcano 火山
19.epidemic 流行病 20.hunger饥荒 21.wound伤口
22.pain疼痛 23.attention注意 24.prevention预防
一、自然灾害及防范
词块 1.natural disaster自然灾害 2.in danger处于危险中
3.get injured 受伤 4.first aid kit 急救箱
5.in good condition 情况良好 6.be harmful to对……有害
7.warn them not to play with fire警告他们不要玩火
8.pay attention to注意
9.keep/prevent/stop accidents from happening防止事故发生
单词 1.avoid v.避免 2.hurt v.& n.受伤 3.fall v.倒塌；跌倒 4.prevent v.阻止 5.save v.挽救 6.protect v.保护 7.warn v.警告 8.check v.检查 9.shout v.喊叫 10.harmful adj.有害的 11.wounded adj.受伤的
12.brave adj.勇敢的 13.safe adj.安全的
14.dangerous adj.危险的 15.careful adj.小心的
16.weak adj.虚弱的 17.sleepy adj.困的
18.healthy adj.健康的 19.alive adj.活着的
20.risky adj.有风险的 21.safety n.安全 22.danger n.危险 23.happen v.发生
二、安全防护
词块 1.lose his life失去他的生命 2.save their life 挽救他们的生命 3.run the red light 闯红灯 4.obey safety rules遵守安全守则 5.try not to be hurt尽量别受伤 6.put out the fire灭火
7.traffic accident 交通事故
8.go out alone at night夜晚独自外出
9.go to the hospital去医院 10.be in danger处于危险当中
11.fight with others 和别人打架
12.try our best尽我们最大的努力
13.enhance our awareness of safety增强我们的安全意识
语境运用
一、根据句意填入适当的单词，每空一词。
1.Everyone must obey the traffic rules, or an accident may __________ to you.
2.We will try our __________ to help the people who are in trouble.
3.They are taught how to __________ lives if someone is hurt.
happen
best
save
4.When you are in __________， you should shout for help.
5.If a snake bites you, you should go to the ________________ at once.
danger
hospital/doctor
二、用下面短语的适当形式填空，每个短语限用一次。
　be harmful to; get hurt; pay attention to;
try one's best; put out　
1.Chinese people are ______________ to prevent the virus from spreading.
2.Every year many people _________ or lose their lives in earthquakes.
trying their best
get hurt
　be harmful to; get hurt; pay attention to;
try one's best; put out　
3.The firemen and many common people are brave enough to ________ the forest fire in Chongqing.
4.It's important for us to ______________ traffic safety.
5.Plastic bags ______________ our environment.We should stop using them at once.
put out
pay attention to
are harmful to
强化训练
It was a terrible day for Mr.and Mrs.Lin.They were __1__ holiday in the mountains.They were taking a walk in the early afternoon __2__ suddenly the ground started to shake.In just two minutes, everything was different! They were in the middle of a very strong earthquake.
（ ）1.A.in B.on C.to
（ ）2.A.because B.until C.when
一、语法选择
1．be on holiday在度假。
B
C
The Lins tried to find some other people first.One by one, they found 23 other people.Many were visitors, young and old.It rained __3__.Some cried and some lost hope.
（ ）3.A.heavier and heavier B.more and more heavily C.heaviest and heaviest
3．空处修饰动词rained，所以用副词heavily。more and more heavily越来越大。
B
At that point, Mr.Lin decided __4__ something.He said, “The roads are too dangerous.We can't go down the mountains until tomorrow.We must stay here tonight.” Then Mr.Lin and a few young men went to look for food.They __5__ some, but not enough for everyone.The young people gave __6__ to the elderly.
（ ）4.A.do B.to do C.doing
（ ）5.A.found B.find C.will find
（ ）6.A.theirs B.them C.their
B
A
4．decide to do sth.决定做某事。
A
6．空处指代年轻人的食物，所以用名词性物主代词theirs。
After that, Mr.Lin divided the people into five groups.He also made sure each group had at least one mobile phone.The mobile phones __7__ as flashlights(手电筒).
（ ）7.A.are using B.are used C.were used
C
Early __8__ next morning, the groups started to go down the mountains.It was difficult, but the group members helped and cared for each other.After twelve __9__ walking, they finally got out safely.By then it had been 30 hours after the earthquake.Everyone was tired but they felt __10__ because they were part of a special team.This special team gave them hope for life.
（ ）8.A.a B.an C.the
（ ）9.A.hour's B.hours C.hours'
（ ）10.A.luck B.lucky C.luckily
C
C
8．early the next morning第二天一早。
B
【短文大意】本文主要讲述了林先生和林太太在山上旅行时遭遇地震，他们联合一些游客积极自救，有惊无险的故事。
The December day started like any other.Papa came back with his boat full of fish.Mama made breakfast for the family.Seven-year-old Joonas was doing his homework, while his two little brothers were running around the yard.That day seemed peaceful, but Alejo __1__ better.
（ ）1.A.knew B.grew C.felt D.became
二、完形填空(2022武汉改编)
A
1．结合后文可知，虽然那天看起来平静，但Alejo知道得更多。
Alejo listened for what had already __2__.Alejo made a crying sound, and Mama said, “Sh！” Alejo barked(吠), and Joonas complained, “Be quiet. I'm trying to think.”
Suddenly, a strange roaring(轰鸣) sound began.Papa ran to the roof(屋顶) to __3__ what was happening.But Alejo knew better.
（ ）2.A.returned B.moved C.started D.stopped
（ ）3.A.deal with B.find out
C.worry about D.look through
C
B
“Why are they __4__？ Don't they know that a great earthquake has roared under the ocean and will soon bring strong waves onto the land？” Alejo thought.
And then Papa shouted with __5__ from the roof, “Tsunami(海啸)! Run！”
（ ）4.A.cooking B.waiting C.playing D.complaining
（ ）5.A.pain B.anger C.pity D.fear
B
D
5．pain痛苦；anger怒火；pity遗憾；fear恐惧。爸爸爬上了屋顶发现了海啸，所以他是带着恐惧喊的。
Joonas stayed in his room where he thought he would be __6__.Alejo barked and barked, but the tsunami made it __7__ to hear his voice.
（ ）6.A.warm B.brave C.safe D.free
（ ）7.A.hard B.possible C.late D.clear
C
A
Alejo bit Joonas's feet, but the boy wouldn't move.“Go，” Joonas pushed the dog away, but Alejo would not give up.He grabbed Joonas' shirt in his __8__.He pulled and pulled until his mouth broke.With all his strength, he pulled Joonas outside and hit him from behind.Finally, the boy __9__.
（ ）8.A.feet B.arms C.teeth D.legs
（ ）9.A.refused B.understood C.promised D.escaped
C
9．refuse拒绝；understand明白；promise保证；escape逃跑。根据下一段可知，Joonas跟着Alejo往山上跑，所以他是最终明白了Alejo的行为。
B
Alejo ran toward the hill, looking back to make sure Joonas was following.They raced uphill as the huge wall of __10__ ran after them.Alejo and Joonas didn't stop running until they reached higher up the hill and met their family.And they had a mother-father-brothers-dog thankful hug.
（ ）10.A.wood B.sand C.stone D.water
D
【短文大意】本文以一只狗的视角讲述了海啸到来前后发生的事情。
三、阅读理解A
A big sandstorm hit Qinghai in July, 2022.It covered many cities in thick clouds of yellow dust.What caused it What can we do to deal with sandstorms Let's take a look.
Where did the sandstorm come from
The recent sandstorm came from Mongolia.It was caused by warm and dry weather.The three main causes of sandstorms are：
1.Strong winds　　　　 2.Sand－dust source　　　　3.Unstable(不稳定的) air conditions
Routes of sandstorms
Northern route：
From central and eastern Mongolia to Northeast China, North China and southern regions.
Northwestern route：
From central and western Mongolia to central and western Inner Mongolia, eastern Northwest China, central and southern North China.
Western route：
From western Mongolia or northeastern Kazakhstan to northwestern Xinjiang and North China.
Grades of sandstorms Sand-blowing ＞ 1 kilometers； ＜10 kilometers Sandstorm ＜ 1 kilometers Severe sandstorm ＜ 500 meters Super sandstorm ＜ 50 meters How to protect yourself
1.Stay in a closed room.
2.If you're outside, avoid riding a bike.Wear gloves, masks and goggles(护目镜).
3.Stay away from trees and billboards(广告牌) if you are outside.
4.Go to the hospital if you are coughing a lot.
5.Airports, highways, and ports should be closed.
In recent years, sandstorms haven't been as common in northern China as they were in earlier years.This is thanks to China's Three-North Shelter Forest Program.(For more information about it, please click HERE！) It aims to plant trees in northern China to prevent sandstorms and improve the ecosystem.
More than 30 million hectares of trees have been planted, according to People's Daily.But the recent sandstorm shows that our environment is still very weak. So we'd better try more to prevent sandstorms.
（ ）1.According to this passage, which of the following can't cause the sandstorm
A.Warm weather. B.Strong winds. C.Sand dust source. D.Wet air.
D
（ ）2.If you can see something only within 30 meters, what kind of sandstorm is it
A.Sand-blowing. B.Sandstorm.
C.Severe sandstorm. D.Super sandstorm.
D
（ ）3.How do people protect themselves in the storm
A.By staying at home with windows open.
B.By finding out the routes of sandstorms.
C.By staying away from trees when they're outside.
D.By riding a bike and wearing gloves outside.
C
（ ）4.Which is the best title for the last part
A.How can we stop sandstorms
B.How are sandstorms in China
C.What is the aim of planting trees
D.What do sandstorms show in recent years
A
（ ）5.Where is the passage most probably from
A.A travel guide. B.An environment website.
C.A science newspaper. D.A school magazine.
B
5．根据本文内容是介绍沙尘暴发生的原因以及沙尘暴发生时我们能做什么等，及“For more information about it, please click HERE！”可知，本文最可能出自环境网站。
【短文大意】本文介绍了沙尘暴发生的原因以及沙尘暴发生时我们能做什么等。
四、阅读理解B(2022深圳二模)
In January, 2022, an underwater volcano(火山) in Tonga erupted(爆发).Tonga is an island nation in the South Pacific Ocean, home to about 105，000 people.The volcano, known as Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai, is located off the coast of Tonga.Even though the volcano is underwater, it sent lots of gas, ash(灰烬) and stones 12 miles into the sky.
It took a while to get reports from Tonga because the event knocked out Internet service in the area.Like most island nations, Tonga gets its Internet through a cable(电缆) that runs deep under the sea.Experts say it's not yet clear whether the cable was broken during the event or simply lost power.
A four-foot wave hit the capital, Nuku'alofa.People in low-lying areas were forced to go to higher ground.There were reports of serious damage in Tonga.Many houses near the shore were flooded.At that time, the biggest danger was probably from the smoke and ash from the volcano that had covered much of Tonga.The ash made the air dangerous to breathe, and it's believed to have polluted many sources of drinking water.
New Zealand and Australia sent teams to Tonga to help out.Some of the teams used airplanes to get a better idea of the damage across the island nation.But the large cloud of ash high above Tonga made it impossible to get a good picture of what's happening in the area from high in the air.
（ ）1.What information can we get about the volcano in Paragraph 1
A.It is under the water and in an island nation.
B.More than 105，000 people live next to it.
C.It's quite far away from the South Pacific Ocean.
D.It's under the ocean and sends stones into the water.
A
1．根据“an underwater volcano in Tonga erupted.Tonga is an island nation…Even though the volcano is underwater”可知，这座火山位于水下，在一个岛国。
（ ）2.What do the underlined words “knocked out” mean
A.Changed. B.Improved.
C.Destroyed. D.Brought.
C
2．根据“It took a while to get reports from Tonga because the event knocked out Internet service in the area.”可知，因为该地区的互联网服务受到了影响，所以汤加花了一段时间才收到报道，故knocked out与destroyed同义。
（ ）3.Which of the following can we know from Paragraph 3
A.The ash from the volcano covered much of the South Pacific Ocean.
B.The ash made the air in Tonga healthier to breathe.
C.Houses in high-lying areas were seriously damaged.
D.People in Tonga were short of clean drinking water.
D
3．根据“it's believed to have polluted many sources of drinking water”可知，火山灰污染了许多饮用水来源，由此可推断汤加的人们缺乏干净的饮用水。
（ ）4.Why was it hard for the teams to know exactly what's happening in the area
A.Because there was a lot of ash in the air above Tonga.
B.Because the airplanes couldn't take off because of the ash.
C.Because the teams didn't know how to take a good picture.
D.Because the clouds in the sky stopped the teams from seeing clearly.
A
4．根据“But the large cloud of ash high above Tonga made it impossible to get a good picture of what's happening in the area from high in the air.”可知，汤加上空巨大的火山灰云使人们无法从高空对该地区发生的事情进行清晰的拍摄。
（ ）5.Where can we probably read this article
A.In a storybook. B.In a newspaper.
C.In science fiction. D.In a fashion magazine.
B
5．本文主要介绍了南太平洋汤加的一座水下火山爆发造成的危害以及其他国家对它的帮助，所以可能来自报纸。
短文大意：本文主要介绍了位于南太平洋汤加的一座水下火山爆发造成的危害以及其他国家对它的帮助。
900年历史万安桥被大火焚毁
Wan'an Bridge, a 900-year-old bridge in Pingnan, Fujian province, was destroyed by fire 1.__________ August 6, 2022.The incident should encourage local governments to think more of 2.__________ they can do to protect such ancient bridges, which are an important part of the country's culture.
on
五、 短文填空
2．分析句子结构，本句为宾语从句，从句缺少引导词，且引导词在从句中作宾语，指物，用what。
what
There are still 3.__________ than 80 ancient bridges in Fujian and Zhejiang provinces.These bridges serve as tourist attractions, sacrificial(祭祀) temples and trading markets.They are valuable in the field of 4.__________ Chinese culture and architecture(建筑).
more
both
However, they face more risks.For example, when local people burn joss sticks(焚香) in their sacrificial activities near or on the bridges, usually places regarded as having good feng shui, the old wooden bridges may 5.__________ fire.
catch
Another two ancient bridges in Fujian caught fire and fell down in 2011 and 2019.Natural disasters caused by bad weather conditions are also 6.__________ to the bridges.In 2016 alone, three ancient bridges in Taishun, Zhejiang, were destroyed by typhoons, one after 7.__________.
harmful
another
6．本句提到了自然灾害，根据常识，自然灾害会对古桥造成伤害。be harmful to对……有害。
So the government should find ways to 8._________________ these bridges from flood and fire.Fire prevention is very important.Fire warning devices, robot fire stopping devices and other modern fire prevention and control equipment should also be used so 9.__________ any fire can be noticed and put out quickly.
protect/keep/prevent
that
It is good to see that the Pingnan government has decided to rebuild the bridge.But the lessons must be paid 10.__________ to by all local governments that have ancient wooden bridges to protect.
attention
10．作者在最后呼吁当地政府要重视这次教训，保护古桥。pay attention to关注。
短文大意：本文讲述的是福建宁德屏南万安桥突发大火及其引发的对古木桥保护的思考。
六、读写综合
A.回答问题(2022陕西改编)
Every year in the US, there are about 500 tornadoes(龙卷风), a natural disaster, from Texas through Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska, and Iowa into South Dakota.That's why this area is called “Tornado Alley”.
The “tornado season” is usually in spring, but the people in Tornado Alley are always ready for them and they always listen to the news.When the warnings come, people follow their disaster plans.They find somewhere safe to stay.At home, the best place is the basement — a room that is used to store things under the level of the ground.If there is no basement, a room without windows like the bathroom is also a safe place.
“At school, we often have practice so that we can get ready and won't feel afraid when there's a tornado，” says Tiffany Taylor, a high school student from Texas.“There's no basement at my school, so we usually go to the hallways on the lowest floors.Of course, we never sit near windows.”
After the tornado, people first check to see if it is safe to go out and then they check the buildings and the area for damage(破坏).And usually there is a lot of damage!
In China, we are not so often troubled by tornadoes, but we do have disasters like earthquakes, or unexpected fires.It is important to know how to keep safe when a disaster happens.Remember: in order to stay safe in natural disasters, we should get well prepared.For example, we'd better keep disaster plans in mind and practice often.
1.How many tornadoes are there in the US every year
_____________________________________________________
There are about 500 tornadoes in the US every year.
2.What does Tornado Alley refer to
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
It refers to the area from Texas through Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska, and Iowa into South Dakota.
3.Which place is the safest at home when there is a tornado
_____________________________________________________
The basement is the safest at home.
4.Where is Tiffany Taylor from
_____________________________________________________
She is from Texas.
5.What should Chinese students know when a disaster happens
_____________________________________________________
They should know how to keep safe.
B.书面表达
台风灾害是当今全球发生频率最高、影响最严重的一种自然灾害。广东省是中国受台风灾害影响最为严重的地区之一。作为广东的学生，更应该知道台风来了我们应该怎么做。请以“What shall we do when there is a typhoon？”为题，写一篇英语短文。内容包括：
(1)简单介绍一下台风；(2)台风发生时我们应该怎么做。
What shall we do when there is a typhoon
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
A typhoon is a kind of very strong wind. When there is a typhoon, we can see clouds moving quickly in the sky. People hold their raincoats tightly when they are walking in the streets. The wind is so strong that it may break windows or blow away the flower pots outside our flats. So we should not only close the windows but also move the flower pots into the flats. We should stay at home and listen to the news about the typhoon. Only when it is safe enough can we go out.
谢谢大家！