2023年中考英语专题 第十四章 定语从句课件（36张PPT）

(共36张PPT)
第一部分 名师语法专题
第十四章 定语从句
01
中考动态
02
名师点拨
03
强化训练
课标要求（2022年版） 广东省卷近5年中考统计情况
2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
定语从句 √ √
中考动态
一、根据句意填入适当的关系代词
1.（2022柳州改编）Do you know the boy __________ is standing under the tree
2.This is the place ____________ I have ever visited.
名师点拨
基础自测 限时小练·自查自纠
(限时:5min 正确率:_______/10题)
who/that
which/that
3.It's the house __________ door is painted red.
4.This is the first house __________ I want to buy even though it costs too much.
5.The child ________________ she is looking after is Wang Ping's son.
whose
that
who/whom/that
二、单项填空
（ ）1.Anyone __________the law should be punished.
A.who breaks B.who break
C.whom breaks D.whom break
A
（ ）2.（2022哈尔滨）—How exciting the speech is!
—Pretty good! This is the best speech __________ I've ever heard.
A.which B.that C.who D.whom
B
（ ）3.（2022营口）He __________ does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.
A.whom B./ C.which D.who
D
（ ）4.（2022朝阳）—What kind of movies do you like
—I prefer movies __________ me something to think about.
A.whom give B.who gives
C.which give D.that gives
C
（ ）5.—Jennifer, have you heard of Funny Squirrel __________？
—Of course.It's said it serves the most delicious pizza in Wenzhou.I'd like to have a try.
A.who is a humorous writer on the Internet
B.which is a new restaurant on Renmin Road
C.which is the most famous band in the UK
D.who is the hero of the cartoon Forest Party
B
考点精讲 重点难点·分享突破
定语从句亦称关系从句，起形容词的作用，在句中修饰名词或代词。被修饰的词叫作先行词，引导定语从句的词叫作关系词，它的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起连接作用，二是在从句中担当一个成分。
一、定语从句的关系词
二、易错点突破
1.当关系词在从句中作宾语时，可以省略。如：
The man （whom/who/that） we have just seen is a famous writer.我们刚才见到的那个人是一位著名的作家。
Where is the book （which/that） I bought last week
我上周买的那本书在哪里？
2.当关系词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数要根据先行词而定。如：
The two students who come from Hunan are excellent.
来自湖南的两位学生都很优秀。
The book which was written by Lu Xun is on the bookshelf.
那本鲁迅写的书在书架上。
3.在含有介词的固定动词短语中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。如：
This is the person who you are looking for.
这就是你要找的那个人。
4.先行词指人，且为those, anyone, someone, nobody, all, none等时，关系词常用who。如：
Those who have good manners will be respected.
那些有礼貌的人将会受到尊重。
5.关系词只能用that的情况
（1）先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、形容词的最高级时。如：
This is the first book that I bought.这是我买的第一本书。
（2）先行词指物，且为all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等词或被这些词修饰时。如：
Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop
在商店里有什么你想买的东西吗？
（3）先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few等词修饰时。如：
This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。
（4）先行词里同时含有人和物时。如：
I can remember well the people and some pictures that I saw in the room.　
我能清楚地记得我在那个房间里所见到的人和一些照片。
（5）主句是用who或which提问的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that。如：
Who is the girl that is crying 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？
（6）主句是there be结构，用that，而不用which。如：
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.
书桌上有一本汤姆的书。
6.关系词只能用which，而不用that的情况
（1）先行词为that且指物时，只用which。如：
What's that which is under the desk
桌子下面的那个东西是什么？
（2）关系代词前有介词时，只用which。如：
This is the room in which he lives.这是他居住的房间。
I was a homeless teenager.On a Friday afternoon, a businessman invited me to a restaurant 1.__________ looked beautiful.I never felt he was dangerous.He was just someone 2.________ offered me a meal.When we finished, he paid the bill and left.That happened many times.I didn't know why he helped me.Maybe he was just a warm－hearted man.And I was not the only person for 3.__________ he had done something kind.
即学即练 对点巩固·链接中考
which/that
who
whom
Now I grow up and the only wish 4.__________ I have is that I can run into the businessman who bought me meals and thank him.I will never forget the warm feelings 5.__________ the strange man gave me.I will also be a person 6.__________ kindness can help make a better world.
that
which/that
whose
自2020年题型改革之后，定语从句未在广东中考中进行过考查。
定语从句在短文填空中的考查：分析句子结构，当句子有2个谓语且没有连词时。如果句子成分不完整，且空格处充当从句的主语、宾语或定语时，填关系代词。切记定语从句的关系词中没有what。
对接中考 方法探究·总结规律
（2018广东72题）Some valuable lessons he learnt as a child have strongly influenced him in his later life.One of them was from his father __________ was strict with him and his brother.
who或that
解析：句意：他孩童时所学到的一些珍贵的教训深深地影响着他之后的人生。其中一个教训来自对他以及他的弟弟十分严格的父亲。分析句子结构，第72题所在句有两个was，且空格处在后半句中充当主语，判断该句为定语从句，先行词是his father，故该空填关系代词who或that。
强化训练
一、语法选择（2022大庆改编）
With the winter vacation coming, I realized I needed to find a part－time job, because I didn't want to ask my parents for money.I had imagined having a job at a winter camp in __1__ I could play games with children.In fact，__2__ only job that I could find was cleaning up tables at a local convenience store.
（ ）1.A.that B.which C.whose
（ ）2.A.a B.an C.the
B
C
1．先行词为“a winter camp”，且用于介词后，故用which。
At first, I wanted to give up the job because getting up too early in the morning made me __3__.I'll never forget how tired I felt on my first day, __4__ I'll never forget sitting together and talking about our days with my workmates for the first time either.Suddenly, I __5__ good to be a member of them.
（ ）3.A.unhappy B.happy C.unhappily
（ ）4.A.but B.so C.because
（ ）5.A.was feeling B.will feel C.felt
A
A
3．make sb.＋ adj.表示“使某人……”，根据前半句“I wanted to give up the job”可知，早起使我不开心。
C
5．文章在叙述过去的事情，故此句用一般过去时。
After working at the convenience store __6__ almost one year, I was used to getting up so early, because I knew there would be a few good moments there every day.
（ ）6.A.with B.for C.since
B
6．“for＋一段时间”表示“持续……”。
Working at the convenience store, I've learned to grow into a boy __7__ can depend on myself and get along well with others.And I'm not the shy person __8__ I used to be.
（ ）7.A.who B.whom C.whose
（ ）8.A.which B.what C.that
A
C
7．先行词为“a boy”，且在定语从句中作主语，故用who。
8．先行词为“the shy person”，且在定语从句中作宾语，故用that。
Meeting an impolite customer might make __9__ feel bad, but very soon I could deal with it without difficulty.The job has given me so much, and I can't wait __10__ back to the convenience store and continue to grow from my experience.
（ ）9.A.mine B.my C.me
（ ）10.A.going B.to go C.go
C
B
10．can't wait to do sth.迫不及待做某事。
短文大意：文章主要介绍了作者在便利店的兼职经历。
二、短文填空
Few people knew about online food delivery（外卖） apps ten years ago, but today, many would find it hard to live without them.They are having a huge influence 1.__________ our society.
on
1．have a huge influence on对……有巨大的影响。
These services no doubt have many advantages.They provide jobs for millions of people and help restaurants find more customers.The apps 2.__________ are very easy to use also do good to customers.They are especially important for people 3.__________ might not have time to cook.Not only do these apps save our time, but they 4.__________ provide us with plenty of restaurants to choose from.
2．句中有两个谓语动词，且两个谓语动词之间没有连词，考虑填入定语从句的关系词；先行词为“The apps”，故填which/that。
which/that
who/that
3．句中有两个谓语动词，且两个谓语动词的主语不同，考虑填入定语从句的关系词；先行词为“people”，故填who/that。
4．not only…buy also…不仅……而且……。
also
5.__________， we must not forget the disadvantages of these services.First, they make it even easier to order unhealthy food.Food safety is another problem: it can be hard to know 6.__________ the food comes from.As delivery men need to send the orders as quickly as possible, some pay little 7.__________ to traffic rules.In recent years, a number of people have been hurt or even killed because of this.What's 8.__________， delivery services are creating too much packaging waste, and this will be harmful to the environment.
However
where
5．文章上一段介绍的是外卖的好处，本段介绍缺点，因用逗句隔开，故用副词However表示转折。
attention
more
There are many advantages of online food delivery services, but we need to 9.__________ sure that we make right choices in the long run.We should do our best to avoid waste.Next time you are thinking about buying takeaway food, ask yourself 10.__________ you really need to.Most of the time, it's better to buy what you need and cook by yourself.
make
10．根据下一句“Most of the time, it's better to buy what you need and cook by yourself.”可知，此处表示点外卖前，要考虑是否真的需要。故填whether/if。
whether/if
短文大意：本文主要介绍了外卖的好处和缺点，以及在点外卖时我们需要仔细考虑是否真的需要。
谢谢大家！