2023年中考英语专题 第十一章 句子种类 课件 (共56张PPT)

(共56张PPT)
第一部分 名师语法专题
第十一章 句子种类
01
中考动态
02
名师点拨
03
强化训练
课标要求（2022年版） 广东省卷近5年中考统计情况
2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
what引导的感叹句
how引导的感叹句 √ √
祈使句
There be句型（存现句）
中考动态
（ ）1.（2022北京）—__________ will Liu Yang stay in the space station this time
—For six months.
A.How long B.How often
C.How much D.How soon
名师点拨
基础自测 限时小练·自查自纠
(限时:7min 正确率:_______/15题)
一、单项填空
A
（ ）2.（2022徐州）—I love this T－shirt.__________ does it cost
—50 yuan.Why not try it on
A.How long B.How often C.How old D.How much
D
（ ）3.（2022泰州） —__________ is China's Tiangong Space Station from us
—About 400 kilometers above the earth.
A.How much B.How often
C.How far D.How long
C
（ ）4.（2022无锡）—__________ did the online concert begin
—You didn't miss anything.It has just begun.
A.When B.Where C.What D.Why
A
（ ）5.（2022广元）—__________ silent, please! You are in the library.
—I'm sorry, madam.
A.Keep B.To keep C.Keeping D.Kept
A
（ ）6.（2022朝阳）__________ fast technology has progressed over the years!
A.What B.What a C.How D.What an
C
（ ）7.（2022宿迁） __________ clever girl Kitty is! She can come up with some creative ways to finish the project.
A.What B.How a C.How D.What a
D
（ ）8.（2022铜仁）—Maria, we will graduate in a week.
—__________！ We should keep in touch.
A.How time fly B.What time fly
C.How time flies D.What time flies
C
（ ）9.（2022盘锦）Listen! My grandpa is playing the erhu.__________ beautiful music it is!
A.What B.What a C.How D.What an
A
（ ）10.（2022广元改编）—Have you watched Wang Yaping's science lecture from China's space station
—Yes.__________ interesting lecture it is!
A.How B.What an C.What a D.What
B
二、翻译句子
1.会议将持续两个小时。
_____________________________________________________
2.这本书是关于美国历史的。
_____________________________________________________
3.我奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。
_____________________________________________________
The meeting will last (for) two hours.
This book is about the history of the USA.
Last night, my grandma told us an interesting story.
4.每天早晨，我们都听到他大声朗读英语。
_____________________________________________________
5.我们学校有一个图书馆和两个游泳池。
_____________________________________________________
Every morning, we hear him read English loudly.
There is a library and two swimming pools in our school.
句子是构成篇章的基本单位。不同的句子按用途可以分为四类：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。按句子结构可以分为三类：简单句、并列复合句、主从复合句。
考点精讲 重点难点·分享突破
一、陈述句
陈述句用来叙述事实，表达观点。陈述句分为肯定陈述句和否定陈述句。如：The story is/isn't interesting.
考点1
按句子的用途分类
二、疑问句
对事情提出疑问时，用疑问句。疑问句分为四种：一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。
1.特殊疑问句
凡是以疑问代词（what, who, which, whom, whose等）和疑问副词（when, how, why, where等）开头的问句统称为特殊疑问句。这种疑问句问什么答什么，答语为陈述句或简略回答。
疑问词（组） 询问内容 例句
what 职业、身份或内容 —What is your father
—He is a doctor.
who 姓名或关系 —Who is that boy
—He is Jack./He is my brother.
why 原因 —Why did they come here
—Because they had a meeting to attend.
What be… like？/ How be … ……怎么样？ —How is the weather today？/What is the weather like today
—It's fine.
疑问词（组） 询问内容 例句
what color 颜色 —What color is her skirt？—It's red.
what size 尺寸 —What size does he wear —Size 40.
what time 几点钟 —What time is it？—It's 7：30.
what day 星期几 —What day is it today？
—It's Tuesday.
What is the date…？ 日期 —What is the date today？
—It's May 2nd.
how old 年龄（多大） —How old is he？—He is 38.
疑问词（组） 询问内容 例句
how long 持续多长时间 （多久） —How long have you been here
—For five months.
长度（多长） —How long is the bridge？
—It's 500 meters long.
how far 距离（多远） —How far is it from here to the zoo
—It's 6 kilometers.
how often 频率（多久一次） —How often do you play basketball？—Once a week.
疑问词（组） 询问内容 例句
how soon 时间（多快/久） —How soon will she arrive？
—In a week.
how many （＋可数名词）/how much （＋不可数名词） 数量（多少） —How many jackets do you have？
—Three.
—How much coffee do you want？
—Two cups.
疑问词（组） 询问内容 例句
how much 价格 —How much is it？/How much does it cost
—Five dollars.
how tall （人、树等） how high （山、建筑物等） 高度（多高） —How tall is she？
—She's 1.73 meters tall.
—How high is the tower？
—It's 450 meters high.
2.选择疑问句
提问者提供两种或两种以上的情况，供对方选择的疑问句，供选择的最后一个情况前用or连接。选择疑问句有两种形式，均不用Yes或No来回答。
①以一般疑问句为基础。如：
—Would you like tea or coffee 你想喝茶还是咖啡？
—A cup of tea, please.请给我一杯茶。
②以特殊疑问句为基础。如：
—Which do you prefer, bread or rice
你更喜欢哪个，面包还是米饭？
—I prefer bread.我更喜欢面包。
3.反意疑问句
可以表示真实的疑问，也可以表示说话者的某种倾向、强调或反问。反意疑问句有前后两个部分：“前肯后否”或“前否后肯”。
①当陈述部分带有little, few, never, hardly, seldom, nobody, nothing, no one, none, neither等否定意义的词时，问句部分用肯定式。如：
He was seldom late, was he
He is hardly able to swim, is he
②当陈述部分所含的否定词是通过加un-，dis-，-less等前、后缀构成时，问句部分依然用否定结构。如：
It is unfair, isn't it
He dislikes English, doesn't he
三、感叹句
通常由what, how引导，表示赞美、惊叹、喜悦、愤怒等感情，句末常用感叹号。
四、祈使句
一般用来表示请求、命令、劝说、号召、警告等，通常省略主语（you），谓语动词用原形。其常用结构如下：
（1）以let开头的祈使句，常用于第一、三人称，表示建议、邀请和劝说等。
（2）以“No＋名词/动名词”构成的否定祈使句，通常用作公共场所的提示语。如：No photos！禁止拍照！No parking！禁止停车！
Last summer, my father took my brother and me on a cross－country train tour.We were very excited on the first day.But soon, interest disappeared.On the second day, my brother cried, “We're bored! __1__ should we do？” My dad replied, “__2__ worry, my dear.I have a good idea.Just __3__ a game that I used to play when I was a boy.
（ ）1.A.What B.Where C.How
（ ）2.A.Do B.Don't C.Not
（ ）3.A.playing B.played C.play
即学即练 对点巩固·链接中考
A
B
C
This game is called Rock, Paper, Scissors.You have never heard about it, __4__？ I am good at playing this game.The rule is simple.” Then, he showed us how to play the game.We played it happily.I won twice and my brother won more.__5__ wonderful day!
（ ）4.A.do you B.have you C.haven't you
（ ）5.A.What B.What a C.How
B
B
一、简单句
只有一个主谓结构的句子，各成分全部是由单词或短语构成。主要有以下六类。
①主谓（主语＋动词，下同）（SV）：The bus is coming.
②主（系）表（SP）：Amy is helpful.
③主谓宾（SVO）：John opened the door.
考点2
按句子的结构分类
④主谓宾宾（SVOO）：Grandpa bought me a new dictionary.
⑤主谓宾补（SVOC）：Most students have found online learning necessary.
⑥There be句型（存现句）：There is a tree behind the shop.
There be句型，也叫存现句，表示“某地（或某时）有某人（或某物）”。其中，be动词要与离它最近的主语保持人称和数的一致。
1.There be句型的句式
There be句型的否定句是在be后加not；变为一般疑问句是将be放在句首。如：
There aren't two chairs or a desk in the room.（否定句）
—Is there anything wrong with your ears？（一般疑问句）
—Yes, there is./No, there isn't.
2.There be句型的时态
时态 时态构成 例句
一般现在时 There is/are… There is a desk in the room.
一般过去时 There was/were… There was a desk in the room.
一般将来时 There will be…/There is/are going to be… There will/is going to be a football match next week.
现在完成时 There have/has been… There have been no letters from my parents since last year.
3.There be＋sb.＋doing sth.＋地点/时间状语：有某人正在做某事。 如：
There are several children swimming in the river.
河里有几个孩子正在游泳。
4.There be与have的区别：There be句型表示“存在”关系， have表示“所属”关系， 两者不能混用在一个句子中。 如：
There is going to/will be a class meeting tomorrow.
明天有一个班会。
二、并列复合句
由并列连词连接两个或几个简单句组成的句子叫并列复合句。如：Jim is a good boy and he is very clever.
三、主从复合句
含有一个主句和一个或一个以上从句的句子叫主从复合句。主从复合句包括宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句（第十二章、十三章、十四章详细讲解）。
一、写出下列复合句的连接词
1.Unless you work harder, you will fail to pass the test.
__________
2.I often see my old friends who were at school with me.
__________
3.I was doing my homework when it began to rain heavily.
__________
4.She was often late, but no one asked her the reason.
__________
5.Do you know when they are coming __________
即学即练 对点巩固·链接中考
Unless
who
when
but
when
二、单项填空
（ ）6.（2022广西）—There __________ a talk by Zhong Nanshan in our school tomorrow afternoon.
—Great.We can't wait!
A.is B was C.will be D.will have
C
（ ）7.（2022邵阳）—A pandemic（疫情） broke out in Shaoyang last month.
—Yeah.__________ were so many doctors and nurses coming to help us.
A.They B.There C.Those D.That
B
句子的种类在语法选择中的考查：首先要分析句子结构，看是简单句还是复合句。简单句根据具体类型的结构和用法进行选择，复合句的选择可参考后面三个语法专题。
（2020广东39题）“Wow！” she cried proudly.“__________ high my butterfly flies！”
A.What B.What a C.What an D.How
对接中考 方法探究·总结规律
D
解析：根据句意可知空格所在句表示“我的蝴蝶飞得多高啊！”空格后是副词，感叹句应用how引导，故选D。
强化训练
一、语法选择
Marianne Carus, who started Cricket（《蟋蟀》）magazine in 1973 and served as Editor－in－Chief（主编） until 2012, died at the age of 92.
In Cricket, children can find wonderful stories with beautiful art, __1__ they are encouraged by ideas in the humanities and sciences.Most importantly, Cricket would never talk down to children.
（ ）1.A.and B.but C.so
A
Marianne knew that children were filled with fun, and she wanted Cricket __2__， too.So she named her magazine after a bug（虫子）.___3__ funny name it is!
（ ）2.A.be B.to be C.being
（ ）3.A.What B.What a C.How
B
B
3．本句为感叹句，结构为：What＋a/an＋形容词＋单数可数名词＋主谓！。故选B。
Over the years, Cricket __4__ by millions of children and given many writers and artists their start.Marianne kept a special box of “love letters” to the magazine.She treasured these letters from Cricket readers, including long－ago readers.They told her that the magazine was __5__.
（ ）4.A.read B.is reading C.has been read
（ ）5.A.wonder B.wonderful C.wonderfully
C
B
4．根据并列谓语given，并结合句意可知本句是现在完成时态的被动语态。故选C。
__6__ did Marianne name her magazine Cricket She considered other names.One night, __7__ she was reading Isaac Bashevi Singer's memoir（回忆录） A Day of Pleasure about his childhood in Warsaw, she read some sentences, “__8__ a stove（炉子） in Shosha's apartment, behind which there lived a cricket.It made sounds all night long.I imagined __9__ cricket was telling a story that would never end.” That's exactly __10__ Marianne wanted her magazine to do — to tell stories that would never end! So the name Cricket became her best choice.
（ ）6.A.Who B.What C.Why
（ ）7.A.when B.after C.before
C
A
6．后文讲述了为什么Marianne将杂志命名为《蟋蟀》，可知这里问的是她命名的原因。故选C。
__6__ did Marianne name her magazine Cricket She considered other names.One night, __7__ she was reading Isaac Bashevi Singer's memoir（回忆录） A Day of Pleasure about his childhood in Warsaw, she read some sentences, “__8__ a stove（炉子） in Shosha's apartment, behind which there lived a cricket.It made sounds all night long.I imagined __9__ cricket was telling a story that would never end.” That's exactly __10__ Marianne wanted her magazine to do — to tell stories that would never end! So the name Cricket became her best choice.
（ ）8.A.It was B.There had C.There was
（ ）9.A.the B.a C.an
（ ）10.A.why B.what C.who
C
A
B
8．表示某地有某物，用there be句型。故选C。
短文大意：本文主要讲述了Marianne为她创办的杂志命名为《蟋蟀》的原因。
二、短文填空（2022宁波改编）
It was the summer holiday and our family rented（租） an apartment for a week near the beach.We all went to the beach on the first day 1.__________ it was fantastic! I did lots of surfing.The sea was really warm! While Mum and Dad were reading their books, 2.__________ brother Paul was building a big sandcastle（沙堡）.He was happy 3.__________ hours!
and
my
for
2．作者与家人出游，可知这里是作者的兄弟。故填my。
When we went back to the apartment, my parents were cooking 4.__________.Suddenly the computer stopped working.5.__________ was no electricity in the apartment! We had to eat our supper in the dark! The electricity didn't come on again 6.__________ late at night.
supper
There
until/till
4．后文写到突然停电了，作者一家只能在黑暗中吃晚餐，可知这里是在做晚餐。故填supper。
6．not…until/till 直到……才……，这里是指直到深夜才通电。故填until/till。
The next day, we went to the market.When we were shopping, suddenly dark clouds came over and it started to 7.__________ hard.Dad drove us back to the apartment.
When we got back, the rain was coming into Paul's bedroom and his bed was very wet.8.__________ for the rest of the holiday he had to share my bedroom.
rain
So
At the end of the holiday, Mum and Dad were cleaning the apartment when suddenly Dad shouted, “Oh, no！” Paul and I ran into the kitchen.9.__________ strange it was! Paul's milk was drunk and my apples were eaten by a family of mice!
We packed up our things and 10.__________ the apartment very quickly! We were all really glad to get home.
How
left
9．本句对形容词strange进行感叹，故填How。
10．根据上下文可知，作者一家收拾了东西并回到了家，所以他们是赶紧离开了公寓。故填left。
短文大意：本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者和家人在海边的度假经历。
谢谢大家！