2023年中考英语专题 话题十三 自然生态与环境保护 课件 (共71张PPT)

(共71张PPT)
第三部分 名师话题复习
话题十三 自然生态与环境保护
01
基础梳理
02
语境运用
03
强化训练
课标要求：世界主要国家的地理位置，不同地区的生态特征与自然景观；热爱与敬畏自然，与自然和谐共生；环境污染及原因，环保意识和行为
基础梳理
动植物
n. 1.animal动物 2.pet宠物 3.panda熊猫 4.lion狮子
5.tiger 老虎 6.elephant大象 7.giraffe 长颈鹿 8.sheep绵羊
9.pig猪 10.horse马 11.fox狐狸 12.snake蛇
13.dolphin海豚 14.shark鲨鱼 15.fish鱼 16.whale鲸鱼
17.bird鸟 18.dog狗 19.cat猫 20.mouse(mice)老鼠
21.ant蚂蚁 22.monkey猴子 23.rabbit兔子 24.eagle 鹰
一、自然生态
动植物
n. 25.hen母鸡 26.bee蜜蜂 27.bear熊 28.cow母牛
29.koala考拉 30.goose 鹅 31.kangaroo袋鼠
32.rice稻；大米 33.parrot鹦鹉 34.spider蜘蛛
35.turkey火鸡 36.forest森林 37.plant植物
38.tree树 39.grass草 40.leaf(leaves)树叶
41.flower花 42.wood树林(也可用woods)；木头
词块 1.plant trees植树　 2.feed on grass以草为食　
3.in the wild在野生环境中　 4.all over the world全世界
地貌
n. 1.nature自然 2.geography地理 3.position位置
4.place地方 5.world世界 6.landscape/scenery风景
7.hill/mountain山 8.river河流 9.lake湖
10.sea/ocean海 11.island岛 12.soil土壤
13.bank岸；河畔 14.beach海滩；沙滩 15.desert沙漠
16.coast 海岸 17.forest森林 18.village村庄
19.countryside农村；乡下 20.city城市
21.field 田野 22.building建筑；楼房
23.pool池塘(尤指自然形成的)
词 块 1.on the surface在表面　　　2.at the foot of the hill在山脚下　　　3.be famous for因……而著名
单词 1.climate n.气候 2.temperature n.温度；气温
3.heat n.热；高温 4.spring n.春天 5.summer n.夏天
6.autumn/fall n.秋天 7.winter n.冬天
8.cold n.& adj.寒冷(的) 9.cool adj.凉爽的
10.degree n.度数；程度 11.dry adj.干燥的
12.wet adj.潮湿的
13.cloud n.云→cloudy adj.多云的；阴天的
14.wind n.风→windy adj.有风的；多风的
15.sun n.太阳→sunny adj.晴朗的
二、气候与季节
单词 16.fog n.雾→foggy adj.有雾的
17.rain n.& v.雨；下雨→rainy adj.下雨的；多雨的 18.snow n.& v.雪；下雪→snowy adj.下雪的
19.ice n.冰；冰块→icy adj.结冰的 20.blow v.刮风 21.freeze v.结冰 22.air n.空气
词块 1.heavy rain暴雨 2.be covered with/by snow被雪覆盖
3.blow away吹走 4.at a high/low temperature在高温/低温下
5.a strong wind强风 6.the capital of……的首都/省会
单词 1.litter n.& v.垃圾；乱扔 2.reuse v.重复使用
3.burn v.着火；燃烧 4.cause n.& v.原因；引起
5.cover v.遮盖；覆盖 6.die v.消亡；死亡
7.pollute v.污染 8.pour v.倒出；喷发(液体、烟等)
9.waste v.& n.浪费；垃圾 10.resource n.资源
11.noise n.噪音 12.rubbish/trash n.垃圾
13.pollution n.污染 14.disease n.疾病
15.flood n.洪水 16.haze n.霾
17.local adj.当地的；本地的 18.environmental adj.环境的
三、环境问题
单词 19.second-hand adj.二手的 20.smoke n.烟
21.energy n.能源 22.harmful adj.有害的 23.dirty adj.脏的 24.serious adj.严重的
25.plastic adj.塑料的 26.acid adj.酸的
27.global adj.全球的
词块 1.throw away plastic bags扔塑料袋
2.do harm to 伤害；损害 3.air/water pollution空气/水污染
4.reduce pollution减少污染
5.recycle paper and books 回收纸张和书籍
6.pick up rubbish/litter 捡起垃圾
7.throw rubbish here and there到处扔垃圾
8.become worse and worse变得越来越糟糕
9.lead to 导致 10.eat up 吃光
单词 1.save v.节约；拯救 2.recycle v.回收 3.reduce v.减少
4.replace v.代替 5.produce v.生产 6.protect v.保护
7.law n.法律 8.government n.政府 9.lifestyle n.生活方式
10.low-carbon adj.低碳的 11.sustainable adj.可持续的
12.green adj.环境保护的
四、环境保护
词块 1.on foot步行 2.turn off lights关灯
3.turn off the tap 关上水龙头 4.drive less少开车
5.reuse paper重复使用纸张 6.save water节约用水
7.take action/steps采取行动 8.make the law制定法律
9.save energy 节约能源 10.ride bikes骑自行车
11.separate waste/sort the rubbish把垃圾分类
12.deal with 处理
13.in order to protect rivers为了保护河流 　　　　
14.put out fires 扑灭大火
词块 15.stop him(from) littering阻止他乱丢垃圾
16.be good for 对……有好处
17.give birth to 生育 18.make good use of 充分利用
19.realize the importance of environmental protection
意识到环境保护的重要性
语境运用
一、根据句意填入适当的单词，每空一词。
1.Qomolangma is higher than any other __________ and is very dangerous to climb.
2.I like __________ because it's the season of harvest(丰收).
3.If animals fail to control their body _____________， they can overheat and die.
mountain
autumn/fall
temperature(s)
4.It's __________ outside.You'd better wear your raincoat.
5.(2022贵州改编)A __________ is a large African animal with a very long neck and long legs.
raining
giraffe
二、用下面短语的适当形式填空，每个短语限用一次。
　the capital of; be famous for; all over the world;
be covered with; blow away
1.(2022牡丹江改编)The Great Wall is a symbol of China.It attracts millions of travelers from _______________ to visit it.
2.We should prevent the sand from _________________ by the strong winds in spring.
all over the world
being blown away
　the capital of; be famous for; all over the world;
be covered with; blow away
3.Lhasa, ______________ Tibet, is well－known for its beautiful natural sights.
4.In Harbin, you can see the whole city ______________ white snow in winter.
5.China has ______________ its silk since ancient times.
the capital of
is covered with
been famous for
强化训练
波兰的弯曲森林
In the country of Poland, there is a strange forest called Krzywy Las.In Polish, that means crooked(弯曲的) forest.It is near the town of Gryfino.That forest has 400 pine trees with special trunks(树干) which look like the letter J.
一、 语法选择
How do all these trees in the forest end up __1__ the same curve(弯曲) That is one question that we may never know the answer to.People think the trees were planted sometime in __2__ early 1930s.Then World War II happened and Gryfino __3__.People there all left, including those who planted the trees and knew these __4__ of the forest.
（ ）1.A.on B.in C.with
（ ）2.A.the B.an C./
（ ）3.A.destroyed B.was destroyed C.destroys
（ ）4.A.secrets' B.secret C.secrets
C
A
1．end up with以……结束；最终成为。
2．in the early 1930s在20世纪30年代早期。
B
C
Gary Coleman is a plant scientist.He works at the University of Maryland.He doesn't know exactly __5__ happened to these trees.However, he has a good idea about the science behind what might have caused their trunks __6__ in such a strange way.
（ ）5.A.why B.what C.that
（ ）6.A.to grow B.grow C.growing
B
A
6．cause sth.to do sth.导致某物发生某事。
He says trees can sense things in their environment, __7__ gravity(重力) might be the reason.Coleman thinks __8__ laid the trees on their sides when they were young.He __9__ trees growing horizontally(水平地) in a forest before.“A small but strong storm blew them on their sides.But they didn't __10__.After a few years, the trees will start growing upward again，” Coleman said.
（ ）7.A.so B.and C.but
（ ）8.A.nobody B.anybody C.somebody
（ ）9.A.will see B.has seen C.sees
（ ）10.A.dying B.dead C.die
A
C
B
C
【短文大意】本文介绍了关于波兰的弯曲森林是如何形成的猜想。
Like most children growing up in the countryside, Mike loved being outdoors and traveled around every inch of the area.
二、完形填空
With a deep love of the land, he had a strong wish to __1__ it.When Mike saw rubbish floating in the river, he got __2__.He knew he had to do something.While only in third grade, Mike started a group.Its purpose was to __3__ the countryside and teach other young people about pollution and its dangers.
（ ）1.A.practise B.protect C.prepare D.provide
（ ）2.A.weak B.tired C.relaxed D.angry
（ ）3.A.clean up B.break into C.set up D.move into
B
1．根据“With a deep love of the land”可知，他想保护这片土地。
D
A
2．根据“When Mike saw rubbish floating in the river”及上文他想保护这片土地，可知他很生气。
3．clean up打扫；break into闯入；set up建立；move into搬入。结合上文Mike看到了垃圾漂浮在河里可知，迈克成立小组是为了打扫乡村。
But Mike faced a challenge.As he was __4__， he found it hard to speak out in public.However, with his mom's help, Mike __5__ dealt with his fear.He said, “I took responsibility and did what needed to be done.When your heart is into it, nothing will __6__ you.”
（ ）4.A.shy B.sad C.proud D.polite
（ ）5.A.clearly B.carefully
C.successfully D.traditionally
（ ）6.A.encourage B.stop C.help D.trust
A
4．根据“he found it hard to speak out in public”可知，他很害羞。
C
B
Mike worked hard to __7__ his idea to the public.He handed out leaflets(传单) and even appeared on radio and TV.His efforts paid off.He won __8__ from several thousand people.And his group collected and recycled more than 22，000 pounds of rubbish.
（ ）7.A.accept B.change C.follow D.introduce
（ ）8.A.courage B.victory C.support D.reward
D
7．根据后句“He handed out leaflets and even appeared on radio and TV.”可知，他努力介绍他的想法给公众。
C
8．根据后句“And his group collected and recycled more than 22，000 pounds of rubbish.”可知，他的小组得到了人们的支持。
Now as a college student, Mike's __9__ remains the same.He often says, “I want to create a __10__ life for my kids and grandkids.It's beautiful countryside, where I'm from, and I want my kids to see it like I see it.”
（ ）9.A.wish B.chance C.luck D.fear
（ ）10.A.busier B.harder C.better D.crazier
A
C
【短文大意】文章介绍了爱护环境的Mike所做的努力。
三、阅读理解A
China National Botanical Garden
It was opened in Beijing on 18 April,
2022.And an eye-catching logo caught a lot
of attention.
What are the TWO plants in its LOGO
The logo has two rare(稀有的) plants — ginkgo and dawn redwood.It shows the importance of plant protection.Ginkgo and dawn redwood are protected plants in China.They are known as the oldest living tree species in the world.
Some of the ginkgo trees in the Garden are more than 1，000 years old.Dawn redwood trees were first found in Hubei Province in 1941 and were brought to Beijing in the early 1970s.
How can we visit it
It plans to collect more than 30，000 kinds of plants.With an area of about 600 hectares(公顷), it has two parts: the South Garden and the North Garden.
If you want to pay a visit to it, here is some useful information:
*Opening hours
●the South Garden: 8：00－16：00 (all year round)
●the North Garden: 6：00－20：00 (March 16－November 15)
6：30－18：00 (November 16－March 15)
*Ticket information
For visiting both the South and North Gardens：
▲The full price for adults is 10 yuan.
▲Children aged 6 and under can go to the Garden for free.
▲Children aged over 6 years old to 18 and full-time university students can pay half price with their student cards.
To get more information, please scan the WeChat QR code.
（ ）1.Why might the logo have two rare plants
A.To catch a lot of attention.
B.To show there are many rare plants in the Garden.
C.To show the importance of plant protection.
D.To introduce the two oldest living tree species.
C
（ ）2.What can we learn about the China National Botanical Garden
A.It is in Hubei Province.
B.It has only two rare plants.
C.It has 30，000 kinds of plants.
D.It is made up of two gardens.
D
（ ）3.If you want to visit the National Botanical Garden, you can go to ________.
A.the North Garden at 6 a.m.in January
B.the South Garden at 8 p.m.in October
C.the North Garden at 7 p.m.in December
D.the South Garden at 9 a.m.in July
D
3．根据“the South Garden：8：00－16：00(all year round); the North Garden：6：00－20：00(March 16－November 15)；6：30－18：00(November 16－March 15)”可知，7月上午9点可以去南花园。
（ ）4.If your parents are going to take you and your 5-year-old brother to visit the National Botanical Garden in August, how much should be paid
A.25 yuan. B.30 yuan. C.35 yuan. D.40 yuan.
A
4．根据“The full price for adults is 10 yuan.Children aged 6 and under can go to the Garden for free.Children aged over 6 years old to 18 and full－time university students can pay half price with their student cards.”可知，父母需要支付20元票价，五岁的弟弟免费，读者应是初中生，在18岁以下的学生半价，即5元，所以20＋5＝25。
（ ）5.Where can you probably read this article
A.In a history book. B.In a travel magazine.
C.In a science report. D.In a sports newspaper.
B
5．根据全文内容和“It was opened in Beijing on 18 April, 2022.And an eye－catching logo caught a lot of attention.”可知，这是一则关于中国国家植物园的广告，应是在旅行杂志看到。
【短文大意】本文是一则关于中国国家植物园的介绍广告。
四、阅读理解B
Wetlands are any land that is flooded with shallow water all or most of the time.They are a natural water holding system.
There are many types of wetlands.Among them, bogs, marshes and swamps are the three main types.The different types of wetlands have different kinds of plants.Only mosses(苔藓) and a few other kinds of plants can grow in bogs.Grassy plants like cattails(香蒲) and reeds(芦苇) are the most common plants in a marsh.A swamp is a forest whose ground is underwater all or most of the time.Unlike bogs or marshes, a swamp is full of trees and bushes.It's not a good idea to go exploring a swamp without a guide.There are hidden pools of water, thick mud, and sometimes big crocodiles(鳄鱼) looking for their next meal.
Hungry crocodiles aren't the only animals that make the wetlands their home.Otters, turtles, frogs, snakes and many other animals do too.The water is home to many kinds of fish and crabs.Birds, including ducks, geese and cranes, use wetlands seasonally during their long migrations.
Wetlands are important because they provide habitats for plants and animals.A wetland system can also make polluted waters clean, prevent floods and so on.
According to WWF, more than half of the world's wetlands have disappeared since the beginning of the 20th century.If this continues, countless plant and animal species will surely die out.Without wetlands, cities have to spend more money treating water.Don't feel helpless.Try to do your part to protect them right now.Here are some ideas.
（ ）1.According to Paragraph 2, what can you see in a swamp
A.Mosses. B.Cattails. C.Reeds. D.Trees.
D
（ ）2.What should a person do if he wants to explore a swamp
A.Find a guide. B.Go alone.
C.Bring enough meals. D.Look for big crocodiles.
A
（ ）3.What does the underlined word “habitats” mean
A.The danger that animals and plants might meet.
B.The place where a particular type of animal or plant is normally found.
C.The condition with no water or sunshine.
D.The building for living in.
B
（ ）4.What can we learn from the passage
A.Wetlands are a man-made water holding system.
B.There are three types of wetlands in the world.
C.People can not meet with big crocodiles in wetlands.
D.Wetlands can make polluted waters clean and prevent floods.
D
4．根据倒数第二段“A wetland system can also make polluted waters clean, prevent floods and so on.”可知，D项正确。
（ ）5.What is the writer probably going to talk about after Paragraph 5
A.What the different types of wetlands are.
B.What will happen if wetlands disappear.
C.What actions people can take to protect wetlands.
D.What other kinds of plants and animals live in wetlands.
C
5．根据第五段“Without wetlands, cities have to spend more money treating water.Don't feel helpless.Try to do your part to protect them right now.Here are some ideas.”并结合选项可推知，作者接着可能会谈论：人们可以采取什么行动来保护湿地。
短文大意：本文介绍了湿地的类型和不同种类的植物，以及湿地的作用。
The Arctic, Atlantic, Indian and Pacific are the four oceans we learned about in geography class.But now we have a new ocean.
On June 8, 2021, the US National Geographic Society announced it would accept the Southern Ocean in Antarctica as the fifth 1.__________.According to National Geographic, the Southern Ocean includes most of the waters 2.__________ around Antarctica to 60 degrees south latitude(纬度).“It is the only ocean that touches three others and completely surrounds(包围) a continent(洲) 3.__________ of being surrounded by continents，” Sylvia Earle, an expert, said.
ocean
五、短文填空
from
instead
Those who are 4.__________ in the Southern Ocean know it's not like any other ocean.“Anyone who has been there finds it hard to explain 5.__________ is so amazing about it, but they all agree that the ice is bluer, the air is colder 6.__________ the landscape is more beautiful than anywhere else they can go，” Seth Sykora Bodie, a marine scientist at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, said.
interested
what
5．根据下文的叙述可知此处是指很难解释是什么使得南大洋如此神奇。故填what。
and
6．the ice is bluer, the air is colder和the landscape is more beautiful为并列结构，用and连接。
The environment of the Southern Ocean is quite special.It's 7.__________ to thousands of animals.For example, humpback whales(座头鲸) are known to 8.__________ on small shrimp(虾) around Antarctica.National Geographic hopes its new maps will 9.__________ the public with a better understanding of this area, and encourage people to protect the Southern Ocean.It's really important to pay 10.__________ to the Southern Ocean.
home
feed/live
7．be home to是……的所在地。根据常识，海洋是很多动物的所在地。故填home。
8．feed/live on以……为食/为生。
9．provide sb.with sth.为某人提供某物。
provide
attention
短文大意：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了除了太平洋、大西洋、印度洋和北冰洋之外新命名的另一大洋——南大洋。
六、读写综合
A.回答问题
China will have 75 percent of its wild animals on land under the national key protection system by 2025, the National Forestry and Grassland Administration(国家林业和草原局) said.
The administration said that part of China's achievements in protecting wild animals lie in setting wild animals into nature reserves after human breeding(繁殖).It said that nine milu deer(麋鹿) recently came into the world in the Daqingshan National Nature Reserve in Inner Mongolia.They are babies of the milu deer, or Pere David's deer, who were sent into the wild in September following human breeding in Beijing and Jiangsu province.
According to the administration, human breeding has helped to increase the population of some animal kinds that had before disappeared in the wild, such as milu deer and Przewalski's horses.There are now around 10，000 milu deer and around 700 Przewalski's horses.As for other wild populations, the giant panda population has increased from 1，114 in the 1980s to 1，864.The number of wild Asian elephants has increased from about 180 to 300 over the same period.
The administration plans to improve the protection of wild animals, including giant pandas, Siberian tigers, Asian elephants, and snow leopards.
At the same time, the government has made more efforts to punish unlawful trading in wildlife, which also helps with the increase of wild animals.
1.Where is Daqingshan National Nature Reserve
_____________________________________________________
In Inner Mongolia./It is in Inner Mongolia.
2.What helped to increase the population of Przewalski's horses
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Human breeding (helped to increase the population of Przewalski's horses).
3.When did wild Asian elephants have a population of about 180
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
In the 1980s./They had a population of about 180 in the 1980s.
4.How many kinds of wild animals are mentioned in the passage
_____________________________________________________
Six/6( kinds of wild animals are mentioned in the passage).
5.Who has made efforts to punish unlawful trading in wildlife
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The government (has made efforts to punish unlawful trading in wildlife).
B.书面表达
现在，许多野生动物处于濒临灭绝的危险境地，特别是许多大型动物。由于人们乱砍滥伐，生存环境被破坏，它们的灭绝速度正在加快。请你以“Wild Animals, Our Friends”为题，写一篇短文。内容包括：
(1)野生动物的现状；
(2)为什么要保护野生动物；
(3)保护野生动物的措施。
1.审题　 人称：第一人称和第三人称　时态：一般现在时
2.思路引导
3.范文赏析
你校English Corner将以“绿色生活，从我做起”为主题，组织全校英语征文比赛。请你以“Going Green Starts with Small Things”为题，用英语写一篇征文参赛。内容包括：
(1)具体做法及理由；
(2)提出倡议。
Going Green Starts with Small Things
Everyone can make small changes in lifestyle and make a difference to the earth.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
First, we'd better ride a bike or walk to school, because it's a green way which doesn't pollute the air.Second, saving electricity, water and food is necessary.We should turn off the light when going out.Turning off the tap when we brush teeth can save a lot of water.What's more, we shouldn't use plastic bags when we go shopping.Plastic is harmful to the environment.Last but not least, we need to plant more trees and flowers to make the environment more beautiful.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
How important it is for us to protect the environment! If we keep doing this, I believe the environment will be better.Let's do it together from now on.
谢谢大家！