2023年中考英语专题 第四章 代词课件(共62张PPT)

(共62张PPT)
第一部分 名师语法专题
第四章 代词
01
中考动态
02
名师点拨
03
强化训练
课标要求（2022年版） 广东省卷近5年中考统计情况
2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
人称代词 √ √
物主代词 √ √ √
反身代词 √ √
指示代词
不定代词 √
疑问代词 √ √ √
中考动态
名师点拨
基础自测 限时小练·自查自纠
(限时:7 min 正确率:_______/15题)
一、根据句意或括号内的提示完成句子
1.（2022永州）Don't be afraid of asking __________（you） parents or teachers for help if you are in trouble.
2.（2022广西）The baby girl learned how to dress __________（her） at the age of 3.
3.It's not my computer.__________（my） is on the desk.
4.（2022毕节）I began to teach __________（they） English when I was twenty－two years old.
5.Do you know __________（it） name
your
herself
Mine
them
its
6.（2022台州）This is not our classroom.__________（our） is next door.
7.（2022贵阳）Reading makes __________（we） wiser and more learned.
8.Look up the word in the dictionary if __________ is too difficult for you.
9.__________ was half past five when John got up.
10.I wasn't sure what to write for my school project, so I asked my dad __________ I should do.
Ours
us
it
It
what
二、选择适当的词填空
1.Learning is a life－long journey, for it brings us __________（something/anything） new every day.
2.He has __________（few/little） friends here, so he seldom goes out on weekends.
3.Mary doesn't want to buy this skirt.There are __________ones she can choose.So she asks the shopkeeper to show her __________ one.（other/others/another）
something
few
other
another
4.There are four people in Kate's family.________ of them like animals._______ of Kate's parents like pandas best.（both/all）
5.__________（each/every） of us likes music.
All
Both
Each
代词是代替名词或起名词作用的短语、不定式、动词－ing形式、从句或句子的词。因此，代词的使用应通过上下文来确定，必须与它所代替的内容在人称、数、格上一致。代词一般可分为：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词等。
考点精讲 重点难点·分享突破
考点1
人称代词、物主代词与反身代词
形式变化表
人称 人称代词 物主代词 反身代词
主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性
第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself
复数 we us our ours ourselves
第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself
复数 you you your yours yourselves
第三人称 单数 he him his his himself
单数 she her her hers herself
单数 it it its its itself
复数 they them their theirs themselves
一、人称代词
人称代词是用来代替人和事物的词，有人称、数和格的变化，分为主格和宾格两种形式。通常主格用作主语，宾格用作宾语。
1.人称代词作并列主语的排列顺序：单数人称二、三、一，复数人称一、二、三，认错担责“我（们）”第一。如：
You, he and I are in the same class.你、我、他在同一个班级。
2.及物动词和介词之后的人称代词要用宾格，尤其要注意并列宾语。如：
There are five other people besides you and me.除了你和我，还有五个人。
3.在含有双宾语的短语中，如果直接宾语是人称代词it或them，间接宾语要放在直接宾语的后面，中间用介词to/for连接。如：make them for us“为我们制作它们”，不能用make us them；give it to me“把它给我”，不能用give me it。
（1）it的用法
（2）区别one和it
I can't find my hat.I think I must buy one.
我找不到我的帽子了。我想我必须买一顶。
（同名不同物）
I can't find my hat.I don't know where I put it.
我找不到我的帽子了。我不知道把它放在哪儿了。
（同一物）
二、物主代词
表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，有人称和数的变化。
1.形容词性物主代词在句中作定语，修饰名词。
2.名词性物主代词在句中作主语、宾语或表语，相当于“形容词性物主代词＋名词”。如：This pen is mine（＝my pen）.
人称代词宾格和名词性物主代词都可放在动词后，一个不带“的”，一个带“的”。如：
Lily is taller than me.莉莉比我高。
Lily‘s bag is bigger than mine.莉莉的包比我的大。
三、反身代词
表示反射或强调的代词叫作反身代词。反身代词一般用在宾语和主语是同一个人的情况下，或用来强调某人亲自怎样。
1.反身代词在句中作宾语、表语、同位语。如：
They seemed to enjoy themselves.他们似乎玩得非常高兴。
2.反身代词的常用固定搭配
believe in oneself相信自己　　 by oneself独自
come to oneself苏醒；恢复 look after oneself照顾自己
keep…to oneself保守秘密 say to oneself自言自语
enjoy oneself玩得高兴 help oneself to自取；自用 hurt oneself伤着自己 lose oneself in 陶醉于
teach oneself＝learn by oneself自学
When Mike was seven, he knew __1__ dream was to be a photographer.He kept working on __2__ for years.Recently, __3__ was trying to take a picture of a sunset（日落） to enter the school photo competition.
“Mom, __4__ has been cloudy these days.__5__ hard for me to get this picture！” Mike complained（抱怨）.
（ ）1.A.he B.him C.his
（ ）2.A.it B.them C.one
（ ）3.A.him B.he C.himself
（ ）4.A.it B.they C.its
（ ）5.A.It B.It's C.Its
即学即练 对点巩固·链接中考
C
A
B
A
B
考点2
不定代词
不定代词分为普通不定代词和复合不定代词。
一、some和any
1.some多用于肯定句， 也可以用于疑问句中表示请求、建议或希望得到肯定回答。如：I've got plenty of paper.Would you like some
2.any多用于疑问句、条件句和否定句中， 但表示“任何”的意思时，也可用于肯定句。如： Please let me know how many are coming, if any.
二、many和much
1.many用来修饰或指代可数名词复数。如：Many of my classmates are from Foshan.
2.much用来修饰或指代不可数名词。如：Don't eat too much for supper.
三、few, a few, little和a little
否定 肯定 可数名词复数 不可数名词 例句
few √ √ Few of us can speak Japanese.
我们中几乎没有人能说日语。
a few √ √ There are only a few students in the room.
房间里只有几个学生。
little √ √ He knows little about his father.关于他父亲他几乎什么都不知道。
a little √ √ You should save a little each week.
你应该每周都节省一点。
四、each和every
含义 词性 后接of短语 例句
each 两者或两者以上中的每一个人或物， 强调个体 可用作形容词和代词 √ Each of us has a dictionary.
every 三者或三者以上中的每一个人或物， 强调全体 只能用作形容词 × Every student loves their English teacher.
五、other, the other, another, others和the others
六、all和both
七、either和neither
八、复合不定代词
1.复合不定代词的定语要后置。如： There is nothing serious with you.
2.复合不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数。如：If anyone comes, ask him to wait.
3.复合不定代词后不能接of短语。no one, anyone, everyone, nobody等只能指人，不能指物，后不能接of短语，但any one, every one, none既可指人，也可指物，可接of短语。如： any （one） of the boys
Reading is fun.You may like reading __1__.You may like reading something that can teach you skills.When you read, would you like a paper book or an e－book Some people choose e－books, and __2__ love paper books.But for Li Ming, he prefers __3__ of them.
（ ）1.A.something interesting B.interesting something C.nothing interesting
（ ）2.A.other B.others C.another
（ ）3.A.both B.either C.all
即学即练 对点巩固·链接中考
A
B
A
Li Ming, a university professor, is busy doing research.So he is often on business.When he is at the airport or on the train, he especially loves reading e－books.He also reads __4__ paper books in the library for his research work.He enjoys the smell of paper books.
（ ）4.A.little B.few C.many
C
考点3
指示代词和疑问代词
一、指示代词this, these, that和those
二、疑问代词
疑问代词用来构成特殊疑问句，通常在听力/听说和阅读理解中进行考查，考生们需要明确每个疑问代词问的是什么，才可以准确答题。如：what（什么）， who（谁）， whose（谁的）， whom（谁，只作宾语）， which（哪一个；哪一些）等。
即学即练 对点巩固·链接中考
（ ）1.Bob, can you see the boys over there __________ are my cousins.Let's go and say hello to them.
A.This B.Those C.That D.These
B
（ ）2.—How cold it is here!
—Yes.The weather in Guangyuan is much colder than __________ in your hometown.
A.that B.it C.this D.those
A
选词填空，每词限用一次。
3.—__________ is the woman in the car？—Lily's mother.
4.—__________ is the wallet？—I think it's his.
5.—__________ will she like for her birthday？—Maybe a concert ticket.
Who
What who whose
Whose
What
对接中考 方法探究·总结规律
1.代词在语法选择中的考查
语法选择考查代词时，通常考查代词的主格、宾格、形容词性物主代词、名词性物主代词、反身代词以及宾语从句中的连接代词，解题时分析代词在句中修饰或指代的部分，选择合适的代词。
①（2022广东40题）Finally, __________ hard work paid off.
A.she B.her C.hers
B
解析：空格处修饰名词短语hard work，应使用形容词性物主代词。故选B。
②（2021广东33题）Workers started to build the bridge in May, 2018.__________ cost ?$2.8 million and took over two years to complete.
A.It B.Its C.They D.Theirs
A
解析：结合选项分析句子结构可知，本句缺少主语，故应用代词的主格形式，再结合上句的描述可知此处的代词指代前面提到的the bridge，为单数形式，故此处应用代词的单数形式。故选A。
2.代词在短文填空中的考查
短文填空对代词的考查与在语法选择中的考查类似，解题时应依据句子结构与上下文，或固定搭配写出代词的相应形式。
①由句子结构及上下文判断
（2022广东75题）The first International Tea Day was on May 21st, 2020.Since then, people have celebrated __________ every year.
it
解析：分析句子结构可知，句子缺少宾语，根据上下文可知，空格处指代的是上句中的International Tea Day，指代物的第三人称单数应用it。故填it。
（2020广东69题）After she returned home, she kept thinking about __________ to do to help those kids.
what
解析：分析句子结构可知thinking about后为宾语从句，而由to do可知此处采用了“疑问词＋ to do”方式来表达宾语从句，结合上下文得出此处句意为“回家之后，她一直在思考做什么才能帮助那些孩子”，故填what。
（2020广东74题）…she helped 12 kids with it! She felt very excited when she saw smiles on __________ faces.
their
解析：根据上文“she helped 12 kids with it”可知，此处是指孩子们脸上的笑容，用their表示“他们的”，故填their。
②由固定搭配判断
（2021广东66题）One man has turned his interest into love and this love made __________ write many books about China.
him
解析：此句为固定句型make sb.do sth.“使某人做某事”，sb.指代前面提到的One man，且在make后作宾语，故填him。
（2021广东75题）He sees it as a life－long task to let more Westerners know __________ China is like.
what
解析：分析句子结构可知，know后面为宾语从句，“what… is like”意为“……是什么样子”，故填what。
强化训练
一、语法选择（2022贵阳改编）
My dad has always spent his free time climbing mountains.He spends time planning his route（路线）， checking the weather and finding the best maps.He really likes a good challenge.For example, he always chooses __________ way of all up the mountain.It means he feels he really achieves something.
（ ）1.A.difficult B.more difficult C.the most difficult
C
As soon as I could walk, he ___2___ taking me with him sometimes.At first, he used to carry me on his shoulders.Later on, I had my own little boots（靴子） and I followed ___3___ up the easiest slopes（斜坡）.I can still remember how ___4___ I was when we set off and how happy I felt.
（ ）2.A.starts B.started C.will start
（ ）3.A.he B.his C.him
（ ）4.A.excite B.exciting C.excited
B
2．根据时间状语“As soon as I could walk”可知，本句是一般过去时。故选B。
C
C
I was about eight years old __5__ I did a proper climb with him for the first time.As we came round the last bend（弯道） to the top of the mountain, we saw some other __6__ standing there enjoying the view.They couldn't believe my father had managed __7__ to the top with such a small child.In fact, we weren't __8__ only ones who managed to do so that day.When we were going down, we met __9__ family with two young girls, who must have been just behind us.
（ ）5.A.when B.because C.if
（ ）6.A.climber B.climbers C.climber's
A
5．结合句意，引导时间状语从句应用when。
B
6．some后应跟可数名词的复数形式，故选B。
I was about eight years old __5__ I did a proper climb with him for the first time.As we came round the last bend（弯道） to the top of the mountain, we saw some other __6__ standing there enjoying the view.They couldn't believe my father had managed __7__ to the top with such a small child.In fact, we weren't __8__ only ones who managed to do so that day.When we were going down, we met __9__ family with two young girls, who must have been just behind us.
（ ）7.A.to get B.getting C.gotten
（ ）8.A.a B.an C.the
（ ）9.A.another B.the other C.others
A
7．manage to do sth.设法做某事。
C
A
8．the only表示“唯一的”。
I'm now 15 and I belong to a local climbing club.Dad always hoped to pass on his love of climbing to me.__10__ seems that he has.I already spend most of my weekends in the mountains.Sometimes Dad goes too but now I'm the one out in front and he can't always keep up with me!
（ ）10.A.This B.It C.That
B
10．It seems that“似乎……；好像……”。
短文大意：本文主要讲了作者的父亲带他爬山并让他爱上了爬山的故事。
Mr.Dawson is an old man with a bad temper（脾气）.He had several 1.__________ trees in his yard, full of apples.However, kids were afraid to go into the yard.They would rather stay far away 2.__________ it.
二、短文填空（2022云南改编）
apple
1．根据空处后面的full of apples可知是有苹果树，名词作定语应用单数。故填apple。
from
2．far away from远离。
One day, 12-year-old Janet and her friend Amy had to 3.__________ past Mr.Dawson's yard.As soon as Janet saw him there, she suggested they cross the street and walk on the other side.4.__________ Amy said they didn't need to.
walk/go
But
4．Janet建议绕路走，而Amy说不用，前后表示转折，用But连接。
When Mr.Dawson saw Amy, he smiled and said, “Hello, Amy! I see you have a new friend with you today.” Amy smiled back.Mr.Dawson was kind and gave them 5.__________ a fresh apple from his yard.
each
Later, Janet asked Amy, “6.___________________ says Mr.Dawson is the unfriendliest person in town.Why was he so nice to us？” Amy explained that she was also 7._________ of him when she first walked past his yard.But she told 8.__________ the old man was not as cold as he seemed and tried smiling at him.To her 9.__________， the man smiled back.From then on, they began to talk more every time they met.
Everyone/Everybody
6．根据谓语动词says可知主语不能使用复数，这里表示所有人都说Dawson先生是镇里最不友好的人，应用不定代词Everyone/Everybody。
afraid
herself
surprise
7．根据第一段中的“However, kids were afraid to…”可知，Amy以前也很害怕Dawson先生。
9．to one's surprise令某人惊奇的是。
If we keep trying to 10.__________ at someone, sooner or later, they will smile back.
smile
10．根据上文中的Dawson先生向她微笑可知，如果我们向别人微笑，别人迟早也会回以微笑。故填smile。
短文大意：本文主要讲述了拥有苹果树院子的Dawson先生是一个坏脾气的人，小朋友都远离他。一天Janet和朋友Amy看见了Dawson先生，Janet惊讶地发现Dawson先生很友好地跟Amy交谈。后来Amy告诉Janet他们友好相处的原因，Janet明白了原来微笑也是可以传播的。
谢谢大家！