人教版（2019）暑假作业（12）暑假提前学：Unit 1 People of Achievement Learning about Language（含答案）
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（12）假提前学：Unit 1 People of Achievement Learning about Language——2022-2023学年高一英语人教版（2019）暑假作业
一、语法讲解
非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句起补充说明作用，去掉后也不会影响对全句的理解，它与先行词之间往往用逗号隔开。
The summer holiday, which we're looking forward to, is drawing near.
我们所期盼的暑假即将到来。
1. 引导非限制性定语从句的关系词
引导非限制性定语从句的关系词有：
关系代词 which, who, whom, whose, as
关系副词when, where等
Water, which is a clear liquid, has many uses.
水是一种清澈的液体，有许多用途。
He will put off the picnic until May 1st, when he will be free.
他将把野餐推迟到5月1日，那时他将有空。
关系词在句中所作成分：
关系代词：主语、宾语、表语、定语
关系副词：状语
The boy, whose father is an engineer, studies very hard.
这个男孩，他的爸爸是一位工程师，学习很努力。
Once more I am in Boston, where I have not been for years.
我再次来到波士顿，我多年没来了。
2. as的用法
as 也可以作为关系代词引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，as在定语从句中可作主语、宾语或表语。
（1）as 引导限制性定语从句时，主要用在固定搭配 such. . .as, the same . . . as中。
He is not the same man as he was. 他和以前不一样了。
（2） as引导非限制性定语从句时，指代主句的内容，在从句中作主语或宾语，常译为“正如”。
Smoking is harmful to one's health, as is known to us all. 众所周知，吸烟有害健康。
（3）as引导的非限制性定语从句可置于主句前。
As I have pointed out, it is important to include vegetables in our diet.
正如我所指出的，蔬菜在日常饮食中很重要。
（4）as引导的非限制性定语从句常可看作固定结构，如：
as is known to us 众所周知
as is reported 正如所提及的那样
as we all know 众所周知
as has been said before 正如之前所说
3. 使用非限制性定语从句时的注意事项
（1）that 不能引导非限制性定语从句。
在非限制性定语从句中，用who, whom指代人，用which 指代物。
She was very fond of speaking French, which indeed she spoke well.
她很喜欢讲法语，而且讲得确实很好。
（2）当先行词是专有名词或被物主代词、指示代词修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性定语从句。
They went to London, where they lived for six months.
他们去了伦敦，在那儿住了六个月。
（3）非限制性定语从句可以补充说明整个主句。
In the presence of so many people he was a little tense, which was understandable.
在那么多人面前他有点紧张，这是可以理解的。
（4）非限制性定语从句表原因时，不用why引导，而用 for which 代替 why。
I had told them the reason, for which I didn't attend the meeting.
我已经告诉了他们我没有参加会议的原因。
4. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别
（1）形式不同
限制性定语从句与主句之间无逗号隔开；非限制性定语从句与主句之间有逗号隔开。
This is the best passage that I have ever read.
这是我读过的最好的文章。
I read a passage last night, which is very interesting.
我昨天晚上读了一篇文章，它非常有趣。
（2）作用不同
限制性定语从句可以修饰名词或代词，与先行词关系密切，若缺少，句意则不完整。非限制性定语从句修饰名词或代词，也可以修饰整个句子，对先行词仅起补充说明作用，若缺少，句意仍相对完整。
Do you remember the man who taught us English 你记得教我们英语的那个人吗？
She and her family bicycle to work, which helps them keep fit.
她和家人都骑车去上班，这有助于他们保持健康。
可通过以下两个例句对比理解两者的区别：
His brother who is 19 years old is serving in the army now.
他的一个19岁的哥哥正在部队服役。 (他有不止一个哥哥）
His brother, who is 19 years old, is serving in the army now.
他的哥哥今年19岁，正在部队服役。 (他只有一个哥哥）
（3）翻译不同
限制性定语从句的句子一般先译从句，后译先行词，即把从句放在先行词前，译为“……的＋先行词”。非限制性定语从句的句子一般先译主句，后译从句，形成两个分句。
He is the man who lives next to me.
他就是住在我隔壁的那个人。
He is a warm-hearted man, who lives next to me.
他是个热心肠的人，住在我的隔壁。
（4）关系词不同
关系代词 that 不能引导非限制性定语从句。在限制性定语从句中，关系代词作宾语时可以省略；在非限制性定语从句中，所有关系词都不可省略。
Mr. White, whom you met yesterday, is one of my old friends.
你昨天遇到的怀特先生是我的一个老朋友。 (非限制性定语从句，whom在从句中作宾语，不能省略）
五、特殊结构“名词／代词＋of + which/whom”
There are 30 chairs in the hall, most of which are new.
大厅里有三十把椅子，绝大部分是新的。
六、关系代词、人称代词、指示代词的选择
关键是判断句子结构：
非限制性定语从句一选关系代词
并列句一选人称代词或指示代词
He came late again and this made his boss angry.
他又迟到了，这使他的老板很生气。
This is my smart phone and it was bought yesterday.
这是我昨天买的智能手机。
I met Professor Xu, who told me the result of the election.
我遇到了许教授，他告诉了我选举的结果。
二、单词拼写
1.They came to the c_________(结论) that not all things can be done by a computer.
2.The criminals can not escape the net of justice even if they f_________ (逃跑) to the remotest comers of the earth.
3.Whatever our c_________(状况) are, we generally still have dreams, hopes and desire.
4.I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will f_________(流动) next and how fast.
5.Be sure to review everything in the section, including tables, graphs, and c_________(图表).
三、语法填空
6.Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, ____________ is not good for the health.
7.The famous actor, Guo Donglin, ____________ name was known, became a little depressed recently.
8.Last Sunday they reached Nanjing, ____________ a conference was to be held.
9.His best movie, ____________ won several awards, was about the life of Gandhi.
10.The film brought the hours back to me _____ I was taken good care of in that far away village.
四、七选五
Florence Nightingale was named after her birthplace, Florence, Italy. When she was almost one year old, she returned with her family to England.
Florence often helped her mother deliver(运送) food to the poor and sick. ①_________ Her family were shocked because nursing was not a respected profession.
But Florence was determined. She studied books on medicine. Later, she visited hospitals in France, Germany and Ireland and learnt everything she could. ②_________
In 1854, Britain was at war with Russia. Florence went to the British hospital in Scutari (now sküdar in Istanbul) and she was shocked. The hospital left men lying on the floor, and rats were running everywhere. ③_________ Many soldiers died before receiving help.
The doctors wouldn't listen to Florence because they didn't like the idea of women in army hospitals— until one day 500 unexpected casualties(伤者) arrived. ④_________ Florence made changes, making sure the men were washed and their injuries were cared for. Every night she would check the patients with her lamp.
When she returned home after the war, a fund had been set up in her honour. Many of the soldiers she had made contributions(捐款). Now she could set up the Nightingale Training School in London.
After years of hard work, Florence Nightingale saw cleaner and more cheerful hospitals. ⑤_________ All of this was because of the "lady with the lamp".
A. Nursing became an honoured profession.
B. There was no running water and no heat.
C. She knew she had much to learn about nursing.
D. Florence saw the soldiers' health had improved.
E. As she grew older, she decided to become a nurse.
F. They soon realised that Florence could give a hand.
G. Upon returning home, she was an expert on hospital management.
五、阅读理解
Every summer, my family and I visit our relatives in India and whenever we travel, my parents always remind me to drink only bottled or boiled water. On one of my trips to India, I saw children drinking water from the roadside. I was troubled to learn that millions of people, most of them children in developing countries, die each year because of water-related diseases.
Living in the US, I am lucky to be able to turn on the tap and get potable water (饮用水), while one sixth of the world's population lacks access to clean water. This year, I entered the Discovery Education 3M Young Scientist Challenge. In late June, I learnt that I was selected as one of the top 10 national finalists of this famous middle school science competition. Over the summer, I worked with Dr Jim Jonza, my scientist mentor (导师) from 3M, and developed a system that uses solar energy to purify water. My invention is green and cost-effective, and I am looking forward to implementing this in places that are affected by harmful water pollution.
In October, my family and I flew to 3M headquarters in St Paul, Minnesota, where the final event was to be held. For the last challenge, each of us had to present the invention we had been working on over the summer. The first place winner would win $25,000, a trip to Costa Rica, and the title of America's Top Young Scientist. At the awards ceremony, all of us waited anxiously until one of the judges, Danny Forester, started announcing "The winner, he Discovery Education 3M Young Scientist Challenge is..." You could hear a pin (大头针) drop as he opened the paper with the winner's name, "Deepika Kurup!"
As America's Top Young Scientist. I was given an opportunities to show my invention on national television and deliver several presentations. One of the most important things I have learnt is that communication and teamwork are key to success.
1.Why does the author mention her visits to India
A.To express her great love for India. B.To show the problem of unclean water.
C.To explain the importance of relatives. D.To compare eastern and western cultures.
2.Which of the following can replace the underlined word "implementing" in Paragraph 2
A.Researching. B.Changing. C.Finishing. D.Using.
3.How did the audience react as Forester opened the paper with the winner's name
A.They appeared calm. B.They let out shouts of joy.
C.They sat quietly. D.They dropped pins to the author.
4.How is the text mainly organised
A.In order of time. B.In order of complexity (复杂性).
C.In order of place. D.In order of importance.
答案以及解析
二、单词拼写
1.答案：conclusion
解析：句意:他们得出结论,计算机并不能做所有的事。
2.答案：flee
解析：句意:罪犯就是跑到天涯海角,也逃不出法网。
3.答案：circumstances
解析：句意:不管在什么情况下,我们仍然有着梦想、希望和渴望。
4.答案：flow
解析：句意:我帮助其他科学家预测火山熔岩下一步将流向何处以及流动的速度。
5.答案：charts
解析：句意:一定要复习本节中的所有内容,包括表格、图和图表。
三、语法填空
6.答案：which
7.答案：whose
8.答案：where
9.答案：which
10.答案：when
四、七选五
答案：EGBFA
解析：文章介绍了弗洛伦斯经过多年的努力,使护理成了个令人尊敬的职业。
①根据下文 Her family were shocked because nursing was not a respected profession可知该空引出下文,E选项(随着弗洛伦斯慢慢长大,她决定要当一名护士)符合语境,故选E项。
②根据上文 Later, she visited hospitals in France, Germany and Ireland and learnt everything she could.可知,此处承接上文,G项(回到家乡后,弗洛伦斯已经成了医院管理方面的专家)符合语境。故选G项。
③根据空前的 The hospital left men lying on the floor, and rats were running everywhere.可知,此处继续描述医院的惨状,所以B选项(这里没有自来水,也没有暖气)符合语境。故选B项。
④根据第五段内容可知医生开始并不听弗洛伦斯的观点,但后来伤者增多了,人手不够,他们才改变了态度,所以F项(他们很快意识到弗洛伦斯能够帮忙)符合语境。故选F项。
⑤根据上一段末句中的 she could set up the Nightingale Training School in London以及该段中的 After years of hard work, Florence Nightingale saw cleaner and more cheerful hospitals.可知,此处承接上文,A项(护理成了一个令人尊敬的职业)符合语境。故选A项。
五、阅读理解
答案：1-4.BDCA
解析：1.推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句I was troubled to learn that millions of people, most of them children in developing countries, die each year because of water-related diseases.可知,作者提到自己去印度的经历是为了说明人们缺乏清洁水的问题。故选B项。
2.词义猜测题。根据My invention is green and cost-effective 可知作者有了某项发明,再由画线词后的内容可知作者希望自己的发明用到有水污染的地方,故implementing是“应用”的意思。
3.细节理解题。根据You could hear a pin drop as he opened the paper with the winner's name可知,宣布获奖名单时,你甚至可以听到大头针落地的声音。由此可知,观众都非常安静地坐着,故选C项。
4.推理判断题。根据全文可知,作者主要按时间顺序回顾了自己在探索教育3M青年科学家挑战赛中夺冠的经历。故选A项。
2
一、语法讲解
非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句起补充说明作用，去掉后也不会影响对全句的理解，它与先行词之间往往用逗号隔开。
The summer holiday, which we're looking forward to, is drawing near.
我们所期盼的暑假即将到来。
1. 引导非限制性定语从句的关系词
引导非限制性定语从句的关系词有：
关系代词 which, who, whom, whose, as
关系副词when, where等
Water, which is a clear liquid, has many uses.
水是一种清澈的液体，有许多用途。
He will put off the picnic until May 1st, when he will be free.
他将把野餐推迟到5月1日，那时他将有空。
关系词在句中所作成分：
关系代词：主语、宾语、表语、定语
关系副词：状语
The boy, whose father is an engineer, studies very hard.
这个男孩，他的爸爸是一位工程师，学习很努力。
Once more I am in Boston, where I have not been for years.
我再次来到波士顿，我多年没来了。
2. as的用法
as 也可以作为关系代词引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，as在定语从句中可作主语、宾语或表语。
（1）as 引导限制性定语从句时，主要用在固定搭配 such. . .as, the same . . . as中。
He is not the same man as he was. 他和以前不一样了。
（2） as引导非限制性定语从句时，指代主句的内容，在从句中作主语或宾语，常译为“正如”。
Smoking is harmful to one's health, as is known to us all. 众所周知，吸烟有害健康。
（3）as引导的非限制性定语从句可置于主句前。
As I have pointed out, it is important to include vegetables in our diet.
正如我所指出的，蔬菜在日常饮食中很重要。
（4）as引导的非限制性定语从句常可看作固定结构，如：
as is known to us 众所周知
as is reported 正如所提及的那样
as we all know 众所周知
as has been said before 正如之前所说
3. 使用非限制性定语从句时的注意事项
（1）that 不能引导非限制性定语从句。
在非限制性定语从句中，用who, whom指代人，用which 指代物。
She was very fond of speaking French, which indeed she spoke well.
她很喜欢讲法语，而且讲得确实很好。
（2）当先行词是专有名词或被物主代词、指示代词修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性定语从句。
They went to London, where they lived for six months.
他们去了伦敦，在那儿住了六个月。
（3）非限制性定语从句可以补充说明整个主句。
In the presence of so many people he was a little tense, which was understandable.
在那么多人面前他有点紧张，这是可以理解的。
（4）非限制性定语从句表原因时，不用why引导，而用 for which 代替 why。
I had told them the reason, for which I didn't attend the meeting.
我已经告诉了他们我没有参加会议的原因。
4. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别
（1）形式不同
限制性定语从句与主句之间无逗号隔开；非限制性定语从句与主句之间有逗号隔开。
This is the best passage that I have ever read.
这是我读过的最好的文章。
I read a passage last night, which is very interesting.
我昨天晚上读了一篇文章，它非常有趣。
（2）作用不同
限制性定语从句可以修饰名词或代词，与先行词关系密切，若缺少，句意则不完整。非限制性定语从句修饰名词或代词，也可以修饰整个句子，对先行词仅起补充说明作用，若缺少，句意仍相对完整。
Do you remember the man who taught us English 你记得教我们英语的那个人吗？
She and her family bicycle to work, which helps them keep fit.
她和家人都骑车去上班，这有助于他们保持健康。
可通过以下两个例句对比理解两者的区别：
His brother who is 19 years old is serving in the army now.
他的一个19岁的哥哥正在部队服役。 (他有不止一个哥哥）
His brother, who is 19 years old, is serving in the army now.
他的哥哥今年19岁，正在部队服役。 (他只有一个哥哥）
（3）翻译不同
限制性定语从句的句子一般先译从句，后译先行词，即把从句放在先行词前，译为“……的＋先行词”。非限制性定语从句的句子一般先译主句，后译从句，形成两个分句。
He is the man who lives next to me.
他就是住在我隔壁的那个人。
He is a warm-hearted man, who lives next to me.
他是个热心肠的人，住在我的隔壁。
（4）关系词不同
关系代词 that 不能引导非限制性定语从句。在限制性定语从句中，关系代词作宾语时可以省略；在非限制性定语从句中，所有关系词都不可省略。
Mr. White, whom you met yesterday, is one of my old friends.
你昨天遇到的怀特先生是我的一个老朋友。 (非限制性定语从句，whom在从句中作宾语，不能省略）
五、特殊结构“名词／代词＋of + which/whom”
There are 30 chairs in the hall, most of which are new.
大厅里有三十把椅子，绝大部分是新的。
六、关系代词、人称代词、指示代词的选择
关键是判断句子结构：
非限制性定语从句一选关系代词
并列句一选人称代词或指示代词
He came late again and this made his boss angry.
他又迟到了，这使他的老板很生气。
This is my smart phone and it was bought yesterday.
这是我昨天买的智能手机。
I met Professor Xu, who told me the result of the election.
我遇到了许教授，他告诉了我选举的结果。
二、单词拼写
1.They came to the c_________(结论) that not all things can be done by a computer.
2.The criminals can not escape the net of justice even if they f_________ (逃跑) to the remotest comers of the earth.
3.Whatever our c_________(状况) are, we generally still have dreams, hopes and desire.
4.I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will f_________(流动) next and how fast.
5.Be sure to review everything in the section, including tables, graphs, and c_________(图表).
三、语法填空
6.Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, ____________ is not good for the health.
7.The famous actor, Guo Donglin, ____________ name was known, became a little depressed recently.
8.Last Sunday they reached Nanjing, ____________ a conference was to be held.
9.His best movie, ____________ won several awards, was about the life of Gandhi.
10.The film brought the hours back to me _____ I was taken good care of in that far away village.
四、七选五
Florence Nightingale was named after her birthplace, Florence, Italy. When she was almost one year old, she returned with her family to England.
Florence often helped her mother deliver(运送) food to the poor and sick. ①_________ Her family were shocked because nursing was not a respected profession.
But Florence was determined. She studied books on medicine. Later, she visited hospitals in France, Germany and Ireland and learnt everything she could. ②_________
In 1854, Britain was at war with Russia. Florence went to the British hospital in Scutari (now sküdar in Istanbul) and she was shocked. The hospital left men lying on the floor, and rats were running everywhere. ③_________ Many soldiers died before receiving help.
The doctors wouldn't listen to Florence because they didn't like the idea of women in army hospitals— until one day 500 unexpected casualties(伤者) arrived. ④_________ Florence made changes, making sure the men were washed and their injuries were cared for. Every night she would check the patients with her lamp.
When she returned home after the war, a fund had been set up in her honour. Many of the soldiers she had made contributions(捐款). Now she could set up the Nightingale Training School in London.
After years of hard work, Florence Nightingale saw cleaner and more cheerful hospitals. ⑤_________ All of this was because of the "lady with the lamp".
A. Nursing became an honoured profession.
B. There was no running water and no heat.
C. She knew she had much to learn about nursing.
D. Florence saw the soldiers' health had improved.
E. As she grew older, she decided to become a nurse.
F. They soon realised that Florence could give a hand.
G. Upon returning home, she was an expert on hospital management.
五、阅读理解
Every summer, my family and I visit our relatives in India and whenever we travel, my parents always remind me to drink only bottled or boiled water. On one of my trips to India, I saw children drinking water from the roadside. I was troubled to learn that millions of people, most of them children in developing countries, die each year because of water-related diseases.
Living in the US, I am lucky to be able to turn on the tap and get potable water (饮用水), while one sixth of the world's population lacks access to clean water. This year, I entered the Discovery Education 3M Young Scientist Challenge. In late June, I learnt that I was selected as one of the top 10 national finalists of this famous middle school science competition. Over the summer, I worked with Dr Jim Jonza, my scientist mentor (导师) from 3M, and developed a system that uses solar energy to purify water. My invention is green and cost-effective, and I am looking forward to implementing this in places that are affected by harmful water pollution.
In October, my family and I flew to 3M headquarters in St Paul, Minnesota, where the final event was to be held. For the last challenge, each of us had to present the invention we had been working on over the summer. The first place winner would win $25,000, a trip to Costa Rica, and the title of America's Top Young Scientist. At the awards ceremony, all of us waited anxiously until one of the judges, Danny Forester, started announcing "The winner, he Discovery Education 3M Young Scientist Challenge is..." You could hear a pin (大头针) drop as he opened the paper with the winner's name, "Deepika Kurup!"
As America's Top Young Scientist. I was given an opportunities to show my invention on national television and deliver several presentations. One of the most important things I have learnt is that communication and teamwork are key to success.
1.Why does the author mention her visits to India
A.To express her great love for India. B.To show the problem of unclean water.
C.To explain the importance of relatives. D.To compare eastern and western cultures.
2.Which of the following can replace the underlined word "implementing" in Paragraph 2
A.Researching. B.Changing. C.Finishing. D.Using.
3.How did the audience react as Forester opened the paper with the winner's name
A.They appeared calm. B.They let out shouts of joy.
C.They sat quietly. D.They dropped pins to the author.
4.How is the text mainly organised
A.In order of time. B.In order of complexity (复杂性).
C.In order of place. D.In order of importance.
答案以及解析
二、单词拼写
1.答案：conclusion
解析：句意:他们得出结论,计算机并不能做所有的事。
2.答案：flee
解析：句意:罪犯就是跑到天涯海角,也逃不出法网。
3.答案：circumstances
解析：句意:不管在什么情况下,我们仍然有着梦想、希望和渴望。
4.答案：flow
解析：句意:我帮助其他科学家预测火山熔岩下一步将流向何处以及流动的速度。
5.答案：charts
解析：句意:一定要复习本节中的所有内容,包括表格、图和图表。
三、语法填空
6.答案：which
7.答案：whose
8.答案：where
9.答案：which
10.答案：when
四、七选五
答案：EGBFA
解析：文章介绍了弗洛伦斯经过多年的努力,使护理成了个令人尊敬的职业。
①根据下文 Her family were shocked because nursing was not a respected profession可知该空引出下文,E选项(随着弗洛伦斯慢慢长大,她决定要当一名护士)符合语境,故选E项。
②根据上文 Later, she visited hospitals in France, Germany and Ireland and learnt everything she could.可知,此处承接上文,G项(回到家乡后,弗洛伦斯已经成了医院管理方面的专家)符合语境。故选G项。
③根据空前的 The hospital left men lying on the floor, and rats were running everywhere.可知,此处继续描述医院的惨状,所以B选项(这里没有自来水,也没有暖气)符合语境。故选B项。
④根据第五段内容可知医生开始并不听弗洛伦斯的观点,但后来伤者增多了,人手不够,他们才改变了态度,所以F项(他们很快意识到弗洛伦斯能够帮忙)符合语境。故选F项。
⑤根据上一段末句中的 she could set up the Nightingale Training School in London以及该段中的 After years of hard work, Florence Nightingale saw cleaner and more cheerful hospitals.可知,此处承接上文,A项(护理成了一个令人尊敬的职业)符合语境。故选A项。
五、阅读理解
答案：1-4.BDCA
解析：1.推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句I was troubled to learn that millions of people, most of them children in developing countries, die each year because of water-related diseases.可知,作者提到自己去印度的经历是为了说明人们缺乏清洁水的问题。故选B项。
2.词义猜测题。根据My invention is green and cost-effective 可知作者有了某项发明,再由画线词后的内容可知作者希望自己的发明用到有水污染的地方,故implementing是“应用”的意思。
3.细节理解题。根据You could hear a pin drop as he opened the paper with the winner's name可知,宣布获奖名单时,你甚至可以听到大头针落地的声音。由此可知,观众都非常安静地坐着,故选C项。
4.推理判断题。根据全文可知,作者主要按时间顺序回顾了自己在探索教育3M青年科学家挑战赛中夺冠的经历。故选A项。
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