2024届高考英语一轮语法复习时态和语态知识梳理学案（无答案）

时态和语态的概念：
时态是谓语动词所表示的动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。
语态是指主语与谓语动词之间的关系，分为主谓关系（主动）和动宾关系（被动）。在被动语态中，句子的主语是动作的承受者
以work为例谓语动词在不同时态下的形式（主动语态）
形态 时间 一般时 进行时 完成时 完成进行时
现在 work works am/is/are working have/has worked have/has been working
过去 worked was/were working had worked had been working
将来 will work will be working will have worked will have been working
过去 将来 would work would be working would have worked would have been working
以work为例谓语动词在不同时态下的形式（被动语态）
形态 时间 一般时 进行时 完成时 完成进行时
现在 am/is/are worked am/is/are being worked have/has been worked \
过去 was/were worked was/were being worked had been worked \
将来 will be worked \ will have been worked \
过去 将来 would be worked \ would have been worked \
一．一般时
1.一般现在时(do/does)
(1)表示经常性的、规律性、习惯性的动作或行为。常与often, usually, every day等时间状语连用。
He goes to school at six every day.
He usually spends summer in the mountains.
表示现在所处的状态，一般性的事实，或普遍真理。
My parents live in a village near the Swiss border.
England and France are separated by the English Channel.
The earth moves around the sun.
(3)代替将来时(主将从现)
①由when, before, after, as soon as, once, until等引导的时间状语从句和由if, unless等引导的条件状语从句中，用现在时表将来。
②表示按计划、时间表要发生的动作，主语通常是事物，且句中常带有时间状语。
When I _________(graduate), I’ll go to the countryside.
If he _________(come) this afternoon, we’ll have a meeting.
The train ___________(leave)at nine in the morning.
一般过去时(did)
(1)某个特定时间发生且已完成的动作； He saw Mr. Wang yesterday.
(2)存在或持续了一段时间的某种状态；Roman Empire existed for centuries.
(3)经常发生，或多次反复，或一连串的动作或行为。She slept very badly whenever she stayed with her grandparents.
(4)代替一般现在时。
①谈论过去，主句用过去时，为配合时态一致，即便所说情况现在依然存在，从句也用过去时。
I found that Harbin was a very beautiful city.
②虚拟语气结构中，过去时表现在I wish you lived closer to us.
对已去世的人的情况描述 Edison was a great inventor.
一般将来时(will do/其它形式）
(1)表“预测”，即根据分析判断认为某事肯定会发生，或某人肯定会做某事。The weather will probably be good tomorrow.
(2)表“意愿和决心”，指个人的意愿，所作的承诺或强调所下的决心。I will go and get you some food to eat.
(3)表示“必然的趋势或结果”，与安排或意愿无关。I will be 16 years old next month.
(4)其它形式
am / is / are going to do
am / is / are to do
am / is / are about to do
一般现在时
现在进行时
过去完成时（would do/其它形式）
表示从过去的某时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常用于宾语从句 He said he would call me at six.
二．进行时
1.现在进行时（am/is/are doing）
(1)表示说话时正在进行中的动作，或目前正在不断变化的情况。
①Please don’t make so much noise. I am working.
②More people are moving to the cities, so the cities are getting larger
(2)表示某个特定时间段内正在进行或反复进行的事情，常与these/those days, this/that week等时间状语连用。
①We are making model planes these days.
② I’m hearing a lot of good news about you.
表示赞赏、厌恶、遗憾等情绪，常与always, continually, constantly, forever, all the time等连用。
She is always complaining.
过去进行时（was/were doing）
表示过去某一时刻、某一阶段正在进行的动作。
①I was having a meeting at 9:00 yesterday.
②In 2011 he was studying in a university.
常和一般过去时一起使用，描述一个动作进行过程中另一个动作发生。
①He was reading a novel when I came in.
② When the telephone rang, I _____________(watch) TV.
也能与always, constantly, continually, forever等连用表达某种感彩。My brother was always losing his keys.
将来进行时（will/shall be doing）
(1)表示将来某个特定时间要进行的动作。 What will you be doing this time tomorrow
(2)表示早已安排将来要做的或预订会发生的事，往往指难以改变。 He will be staying with us again next year.
下列动词不用于进行时间
感觉类（look, smell, feel, taste, see, hear） 情感类（like, love, prefer, admire, hate, fear, adore）
心态类（wish, hope, want, need, believe, understand, forget, agree, know）
状态类（appear, lie (位于), remain, belong to, have）
完成时
现在完成时
表示一个动作开始于过去，持续到现在。常与for和since，so far，up to now，in the past / last few days / years，recently等连用。
①In the past few years, great changes ___________(take) place.
②He _______________(write) 8 books so far.
（2）表示动作在说话之前已完成，但对现在有影响。句中常没有具体的时间状语。I have lost my wallet.
（3）在“It / This is +the+序数词 / 最高级 / only+名词”之后的从句中谓语动词常用现在完成时。
①It is the best film that I____________(see)
②It is the first time that I_________________(go) to Beijing
③It is the only book that he ____________(write)
2.过去完成时
（1）一件事情发生在过去，而另外一件事情先于它发生（即表“过去的过去”），那么发生在前的动作要用过去完成时。
①She _______________(learn) some English before she came to the institute.
②He said that he _________________(be) abroad for 3 years.
表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作，常用的时间状语有：by / until / before / by the end of +表过去的某一时间。
①By then he _____________(learn) English for 3 years.
②Until then he _______________(know) nothing about it yet.
③By the end of last year, they ________________(treat) over 10,000 patients.
（3）特殊句型
①Hardly / Scarcely / Barely+过去完成时（倒装）+when +句子（过去时）
No sooner +过去完成时（倒装）+than +句子（过去时）
Hardly ________ we arrived when she started complaining.
②It was / had been +一段时间+since从句（过去完成时）
It was ten years since we______________(have) such a wonderful time.
③It was 序数词 time that 从句 从句谓语用过去完成时
It was the first time that I_____________(see) so beautiful girl.
3.将来完成时
表示将来某时刻前某动作已完成，或预计将已完成。常用时间状语为“by+将来的某个时间”。
By the time of next week, they will _____________(reach) the destination.
完成进行时
现在完成进行时 动作发生在过去，持续到现在且现在还在进行 He has been learning English for 6 years.
时态专练
1. –Let’s discuss the question raised last night, shall we
--There is no hurry for that. Besides, I ________（have）a meeting.
2. Tony is a lawyer now, but he _________(serve) in a delivery company for six years.
3.Teachers should bear in mind that each student’s improvement ___________(monitor) closely.
4.The tourism of Linyi _________(see) rapid growth over the last decade. Now it’s the second most visited city in Shandong Province.
5.Look! The strange man I saw yesterday __________ (walk) around my house again. Should I call the police
6.Leave me alone. I ______________(write) an article all the afternoon and haven’t finished yet.
7.I needn’t have been in that hurry. The flight to Chongqing ____________ (cancel 取消）due to the foggy weather.
8.Some timely help ________________ (offer)since the organization was built.
9.By the time you come to our college again, a new building____________________(build).
10.If city noises ______________ (keep) from increasing，people _________(have) to shout to be heard even at dinner．
11.The book has been translated into thirty languages since it _________(come) on the market in 1973.
12.I walked slowly through the market, where people ________________(sell) all kinds of fruits and vegetables.
13.When I got on the bus, I realized that I ___________(leave) my wallet at home.
14.His first novel _________________(receive) good reviews since it came out last month.
15.In the near future, more advances in the robot technology ___________________(achieve) by scientists.
16.Planning so far ahead __________ (make) no sense—so many things will have changed by next year.
17.If their marketing plans succeed, they ________________ (increase) their sales by 20 percent.
18.He __________(play) football regularly for many years when he was young.
19.They made up their mind that they_________ (buy) a new house once Larry changed jobs.
20.This was the first time I ________ (experience) sandstorms and I don't ever want to be in one again.
21.I say to him with a cheerful smile，“Go to exercise and you ________ (feel) better.”
22.The family as well as their dog ________ (trap) on the roof by the flood yesterday.
23.The sports meeting ________(hold)in our school now.
24.The day that he had looked forward to ____________（come）at last.
25.After school we went to the reading room to do some reading, only to be told that it ___________ (decorate).
26.So far, every means ________________ (try) to improve my English but in vain.
27.Look! The foreign guests ________ (show) around the factory by Mr. Zhang.
28.No sooner ______ the model ________(start) up the catwalk than the spotlight shone down on her.
29.I was sent to the work site last month to see how the development plan _____________ (carry) out in the past two years.
30.See the clouds! It ________ (rain)!
31.It is the first time that the technique ______ (use) to document how the brain processes grammar and produces words.
32.Hardly had he arrived home when his wife_______ (begin) to complain.
33.A freshly baked cake ________ (not cut) easily.
34.Look at the time table. Hurry up! Flight MU315 __________ (take) off at 18:30.
35.The sun ________ (shine) brightly when we climbed to the top of the hill.