Module 3 Body Language and Non-Verbal Communication课件

课件42张PPT。
条件状语从句用于表示主句谓语动词所表示的动作产生的条件，引导条件状语从句的连词主要有if，unless，providing，provided(that)，as/so long as等。在条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时，一般过去时代替过去将来时。Module 3 Body Language and Non-verbal Communication Period Four Grammar:Adverbial clause of condition,adverbial clause of concession 课件
(外研版必修4，课标通用）条件状语从句与让步状语从句一、条件状语从句
if表示正向条件，意为“如果”，unless表示反向条件，意为“除非，如果不”。如：
If he told you that，he was lying.
如果他是那样对你说的，他就是在撒谎。
The sports meet will begin tomorrow unless it rains.
如果不下雨，运动会明天就会开始。1．if和unless引导的条件状语从句：【单项填空】　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
?(1)________I visit every bookstore in town，I shall not
know whether I can get what I want.A．If not B．Unless
C．If D．As if
解析　本题考查状语从句引导词。句意：除非我把城里的每一个书店都看遍，否则我就不知道我是否能够得偿所愿。根据句意选B(除非)，unless一般等于if...not，但一般不等于if not。
答案　B(2)The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day，________accompanied by an adult.A．once B．when C．if D．unless
解析　本题考查状语从句。句意：学校制度规定除非有成人陪同，否则孩子们在白天不允许出校门。once“一旦”；when“当 ……时候”；if“如果”；unless“除非”。由句意可知，D项正确。
答案　D2．providing，provided (that)，supposing，suppose (that)，as/so long as，on condition that，in case等引导的条件状语从句。如：All living things need air as long as they live.
所有的生物只要活着就需要空气。
Supposing you fail a second time，don't get discouraged and try again.
假如你又一次失败了，不要泄气，再试一次。
The liquid will turn to a solid on condition that it is cooled still further.
液体进一步冷却的话，就会变成固体。【单项填空】
He always takes a notebook with him________he has something to put down.
A．so that B．even if
C．in case D．though
解析　本题考查状语从句引导词。A项意为“因此”；B项意为“即使”；C项意为“(以防)万一”；D项意为“尽管”。由句意“他总是随身携带着一个笔记本，以便有什么东西可以记下来。”可知应选C项。
答案　C3．only if和if only引导的条件状语从句：only if意为“只要”，它所引导的从句用陈述语气，表示真实条件；if only意为“但愿，要是……就好了”，它所引导的从句要用虚拟语气，表示非真实条件。如：
Only if you have persistence can you achieve success.
唯有坚持下去，你才能成功。
If only I had known it，I wouldn't have troubled him.
要是我早知道那件事，我就不会麻烦他了。
注意：only if引导的从句置于主句之前时，主句部分倒装。二、让步状语从句
让步状语从句表示在某种相反的条件下，主句中的情况依然会出现。常用的引导词有：although，though，as，however，whatever，whoever，whomever，whichever，whenever，wherever，no matter(who，what when，etc.)，even if，even though，whether...or(not)等。
1．although虽然，though虽然，even if/though即使；纵然；尽管。although较though正式，多用于书面体，而且在由其引导的让步状语从句中，主句不能用“but”，因为but作连词时为并列连词，它所连接的是并列句。如果要强调“但是”语气时，可使用yet，still，或nevertheless来表示“但是”“依然”或“然而”之意。even though，even if用以强调，口语中较为多见。Although he is old，he is still energetic.
尽管他上了年纪，却依然精力充沛。
We all know how difficult it is for all of us to eat better，exercise more and sleep enough even though we know we should.吃得更好，多锻炼，以及有足够的睡眠，这些我们都知道，但是做起来却很困难。
I like her even though she can be annoying.
尽管她有时很恼人，但我还是喜欢她。【单项填空】
________he has limited technical knowledge，the old worker has a lot of experience.
A．Since B．Unless
C．As D．Although
解析　本题考查状语从句引导词。句意：这位老工人虽然专业知识有限，但实践经验丰富。although意为“尽管；虽然”，符合句意。as也可以引导让步状语从句，但必须使用倒装语序，即：Limited technical knowledge as he has，...，故不能选C项。
答案　DTry as he might，he couldn't solve the problem.
尽管他很努力，但还是无法解决这个问题。
Youngest as he is in our class，he studies very well.
尽管他是我们班最小的，但学习却非常好。
Much as you suspected him，you couldn't provide powerful evidence.
虽然你非常怀疑他，但是你却无法提供有力的证据。2．as虽然；尽管。as引导让步状语从句时从句要倒装，即把作表语、状语或谓语的一部分的形容词、名词、副词或动词原形置于句首。如果是单数名词或形容词的最高级作表语，不再用冠词。【单项填空】
________，he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.
A．A quiet student as he may be
B．Quiet student as he may be
C．Be a quiet student as he my
D．Quiet as he may be a student
解析　本题考查as引导让步状语从句的倒装结构。句意：尽管他可能是个沉默寡言的学生，但课下谈论起喜爱的歌手，他的话很多。当as引导让步状语从句使用倒装结构时，名词前面不用冠词。
答案　B3．however(whatever，whoever，whichever，whenever...)引导让步状语从句时，应注意语序的排列，即however＋adj./adv.＋主语＋谓语，另外可以与“no matter＋疑问词”进行转换。However difficult the task is，we should keep on doing it.＝No matter how difficult the task is，we should keep on doing it.无论任务多么艰难，我们都应该坚持做下去。
No matter where(Wherever)you go，I'm right here waiting for you.无论你到哪里，我都依然在这里等着你。【单项填空】
—How about camping this weekend，just for a change?
—OK，________you want.
A．whichever B．however
C．whatever D．whoever
解析　本题考查状语从句。根据题意可知，这里在讨论度周末的方式，且答语中谓语动词“want”缺少宾语，所以排除B项和D项；which或whichever需要在语境中给出具体范围，所以排除，答案为C项。
答案　C【写作任务】
写一篇有关“父母有没有必要陪读”的对立观点的议论文。
【写作内容】
假如你是某中学学生李华。最近，你班同学正在参加21世纪英文报“大家谈”栏目的一个讨论。本次话题为：“父母有没有必要陪读？” 请你根据下表所列情况给报社写一封信，客观地介绍讨论的情况。议论文（对立观点式）【写作要求】
1．表中所列要点必须包含在文章当中，不能逐字翻译。
2．词数120左右。
3．参考词汇：陪读 accompany sb studying at school 督促 urge【写作分析】
第一步：认真审题
1．本文属于说明文当中陈述对立观点的文章。同样是议论文，但该类文章要求作者对不同的观点或看法进行评论，在写作时应注意以下几点：
(1)应明确提出两种不同的观点及支持或反对某种观点的理由。观点应明确，理由应具有相对的可信性。
(2)文章的最后应提出作者自己的观点：或是支持或反对某一观点，或是倡导读者进行商讨辩论，并提出自己的希望。
(3)语言应简洁有力，文章应思路清晰，层次明确，便于读者准确把握各种观点的特点。第二步：提炼要点
1．whether students should be accompanied by parents studying
2．there is no need for parents to do so
3．fall into the habit of dependence
4．affect parents' work，study and rest
5．spare more time to concentrate on our study
6．help us set our study goal and urge us to complete our study tasks【扩点成句】
1．Our class have had a heated discussion on whether students should be accompanied by parents studying at school.
2．70% of my classmates hold the view that there is no need for parents to do so.
3．We may fall into the habit of dependence，which will have a negative effect on the development of our self-control ability.4．It will affect our parents' work，study and rest.
5．With parents accompanying us，we can spare more time to concentrate on our study and we will become more healthy.
6．Parents can help set our study goal and urge us to complete our study tasks.【参考范文】
Dear editor，
Recently our class have had a heated discussion on whether students should be accompanied by parents studying at school.Opinions are divided on the topic.70% of my classmates hold the view that there is no need for parents to do so.For one thing，we may fall into the habit of dependence，which will have a negative effect on the development of our self-control ability.For another，it will
affect our parents' work，study and rest.However，30%of us are in favor of it.In their opinion，with parents accompanying us，we can spare more time to concentrate on our study and we will become more healthy.Furthermore，parents can help set our study goal and urge us to complete our study tasks.Also we can overcome difficulties on our own，with their encouragement and develop a good habit of studying.
Best wishes，
Yours Lihua
【亮点展示】
1．本文是一篇对立观点式的议论文。文章首先提出了对“父母有没有必要陪读”这一问题存在不同的看法，然后分别对两种观点进行了评论。论点明确，论据充分有力。
2．该文正确运用了过去、现在和将来时态，且使用了宾语从句、非限制性定语从句以及with复合结构等较为复杂的句式，提升了文章的档次水平。
3．文中使用了heated discussion，hold the view，fall into the habit，dependence，negative，self-control ability，concentrate，encouragement等高级词汇，显示了作者扎实的英语基本功。【写作模板】
1．正反观点式议论文的写作主要包括以下几个部分：
导入部分：
Recently we have had a discussion about whether we should...(导入话题)
Our opinions are divided on this topic.(观点有分歧)
正文部分：
①Most of the students are in favor of it .(正方观点)，Here are some reasons.First...Second...Finally...(列出2～3个赞成理
由)．
②However，the others are strongly against it.(反方观点)．
Their reasons are as follows.In the first place...What is more...In addition...(列出2～3个反对观点)结论部分：
Personally speaking，the advantages overweigh the disadvantages，for it will do us more than harm/good，so I support it(个人观点)．
2．正反观点式议论文的写作的常用句型
Recently we've had a discussion about whether we should...
Our opinions are divided on this topic./Opinions differ from person to person.
Most of the students are in favour of it.
Others argue/hold the view that...
What is important is that...As far as I am concerned，I prefer...
When it comes to failure，different people hold different attitudes towards it.
There is no denying that students can learn a lot from it.
It is universally acknowledged that knowledge can change one's fate
In conclusion I think having a very close relationship with...is good.
In short.it can be said that health is more important than wealth.
From what has been said above，we can safely draw a conclusion that attitudes determines everything. 近几年，特殊句式逐渐成为高考热点，而对倒装句的考查更是热点中的热点。纵观近几年高考题对倒装的考查，重在结合句子结构和具体语境对于倒装这一语法现象的考查。这就要求我们在平时的学习和备考中注意总结，全面把握。下面，我们结合高考试题和各地模拟题，来看一下对于倒装句的考查特点和解题策略。倒装1．Only when he reached the tea-house________it was the
same place he'd been in last year.(2011·课标卷、全国卷Ⅰ)A．he realized B．he did realize
C．realized he D．did he realize
【易错警示】
易错点　对only修饰状语从句置于句首时的倒装考查。
错误原因　对何时该使用哪种形式的倒装结构的用法掌握不够牢固。解题思路　分析句子结构，该题考查部分倒装用法。only修饰了句子的时间状语从句when he reached the tea-house；主句的正常语序应该是he realized it was the same place…。当only修饰句子的状语或状语从句，且置于句首时，主句应使用部分倒装结构， 故应选D项。知识拓展　部分倒装主要用于以下几种情况：
(1)only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句且置于句首时。如：Only then did he know he was wrong.直到那时他才知道他错了。
注意：only修饰状语从句时，从句不能倒装；only修饰句子主语时句子结构也不发生变化。
(2)当否定副词not，never，nor，hardly，little，seldom，scarcely，rarely，nowhere及表示否定意义的介词短语in no case，at no time，by no means，under/in no circumstances，on no condition等置于句首时。如：
Never have I heard such a place.＝I have never heard such a place.我从未听说过这么个地方。(3)so/neither/nor＋be/助动词/情态动词＋主语“……也是/不是这样”，如：
I likes getting up early in the morning；so does my little sister.我喜欢早上早起，我的小妹妹也是这样。
(4)so...that...引导的结果状语从句，表示“如此……以至于”，当把so和它所修饰的形容词、副词一起置于句首时。如：
So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood.＝He speaks English so clearly that he can always make himself understood.
他英语说得如此流利，别人都能听得懂。(5)not only...but also...连接两个并列的句子且not only置于句首时。如：
Not only will he attend the meeting，but also he will make a short speech.他不仅将与会，而且还会做一个简短的演讲。
(6)not until引导的时间状语从句置于句首时。如：
Not until he returned did we know the result.
知道他回来我们才知道结果。【单项填空】
①—It's nice.Never before________such a special drink!—I'm glad you like it. (2011·福建高考)
A．I have had B．I had
C．have I had D．had I
解析　本题考查部分倒装。否定副词never置于句首修饰时间状语before，句子应用部分倒装结构。根据句意，空格处应用现在完成时态，故选C项。上句的陈述语序句子应为I have never had such a special drink before！。
答案　C②Not until he left his home________to know how important
the family was for him. (2010·江西高考)A．did he begin B．had he begun
C．he began D．he had begun
解析　句意：直到离开家他才了解到家对他来说是多么的重要。not until引导的时间状语(从句)置于句首，主句应用部分倒装结构，故排除C、D两项；又根据句意知begin需用过去时态，但该动作发生在leave之后，故排除B项。A项正确。
答案　A2．—Is everyone here?—Not yet...Look，there________the rest of our guests！ (2010·江苏卷)
A．come B．comes
C．is coming D．are coming
【易错警示】
易错点　倒装语序与主谓一致的混合考查。
错误原因　对应该使用倒装结构的情况掌握不牢固。解题思路　句意：——都到齐了吗？——还没有……看，其余的客人都过来了。本题考查主谓一致和完全倒装。当there置于句首时，句子用完全倒装结构，谓语动词应该根据句子的主语the rest of our guests来判断，B项和C项为第三人称单数形式，故排除；come用于进行时态表示将来的动作，不合题意，也排除；A项谓语动词与主语一致，故A项正确。知识拓展　完全倒装主要用于以下几种情况：
(1)here/there置于句首，谓语动词为be，come ，go，leave，begin，start等时。
There goes the bell.铃响了。
注意： 如果主语是人称代词，主语和谓语动词的词序不变，即不用倒装结构。
如：There he comes.他来了。
(2)There be 句型：可以用在这类句型中的动词除be外还可用 live，stand，lie，happen，exist，remain，seem，appear等作这类句型的谓语： There happened to be nobody in the bedroom when the fire broke out.发生大火时卧室里碰巧没有人。
(3)表示地点、方位的副词：in，out，inside，outside，up，down，away，off，downstairs，upstairs等作状语放在句首，谓语为不及物动词come，go，run ，rush，hurry等时。
Out rushed the tiger from among the bushes.
老虎从灌木丛中窜出来。
注意： 如果主语是人称代词，主语和谓语动词的词序不变，即不用倒装结构。
(4)then/now置于句首，谓语为 come，follow，happen等的句子时。
Now comes my turn to answer the question.
现在轮到我回答问题了。(5)为了平衡句子结构的需要，或为了强调状语(常为介词短语、分词、形容词或副词)，或为了使上下文紧密衔接，将状语提前时。
Present at the meeting were Professor White，Professor Smith and many other guests.
出席会议的有怀特教授、史密斯教授以及很多其他的客人。
注意： 如果主语是人称代词，主语和谓语动词的词序不变，即不用倒装结构。
(6)such用作代词在句中作表语置于句首时
Such are the facts；no one can understand them.
事实就是这样，没有人能理解。【单项填空】
③John opened the door.There________he had never seen
before. (2010·陕西卷) A．a girl did stand B．a girl stood
C．did a girl stand D．stood a girl
解析　句意：约翰打开门，那里站着一个他从未见过的姑娘。本题考查完全倒装。当there，here，away，down等表方位的副词置于句首且主语为名词时，句子用完全倒装结构。
答案　D④Behind the coach________our team wearing blue suits.
(2011·山东实验中学一模)A．walk B．have
C．is followed D．appears
解析　本题考查完全倒装。正常语序为Our team wearing blue suits walk behind the coach.句意：走在教练后面的穿蓝色衣服的是我们队。
答案　A