2023年外研版中考英语复习 第七节 冠词课件(共64张PPT)

(共64张PPT)
第一部分 基于语义的语法知识篇
词 类
第七节 冠词
目录
考点思维导图
01
中考考点回顾
02
考点精讲精练
03
语篇考点专练
04
考点思维导图
中考考点回顾
考点 考查题型及频次 考查内容
不定冠词a, an 单项填空（2年1考） 表示第一次提到的人或物（2018, 2021, 2022）
语法选择（3年2考）
短文填空（5年2考） 固定搭配：a period of（2018），a lot of（2019）
续表
考点 考查题型及频次 考查内容
定冠词the 单项填空（2年1考） 用在专有名词前（2019）
语法选择（3年1考） 表示上文出现过的人或物（2020）
零冠词 单项填空（2年1考） 固定搭配go to bed（2018）
31. _____ new study says that going to _____ bed late is harmful to our health.
A. /; / B. A; / C. A; the D. The; the
解析：考查不定冠词表示第一次提到的人或物以及零冠词的固定搭配go to bed(去睡觉)。故选B。
单项填空
… with the attitude(态度)of “one brick more”， both Will and Harry rebuilt the wall in _77_ period of six months.
解析：考查不定冠词的固定搭配a period of(一段……时期)。故填a。
短文填空
31. _____ Great Wall is one of the seven wonders around the world.
A. The B. A C. An D. /
解析：考查定冠词“the＋由普通名词构成的专有名词”。故选A。
单项填空
On the ground of the village， Grandpa Huang has painted _78_ lot of well-known Chinese sayings.
解析：考查不定冠词的固定搭配a lot of(许多)。故填a。
短文填空
Judie’s dad agreed that it would be a good idea to make a butterfly kite … The next morning， they took _38_ kite to the park and tested it.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
解析：考查定冠词表示上文出现过的人或物。故选C。
语法选择
Along the river， there’s _35_ eight-kilometer-long wooden walkway.
A. / B. a C. an D. the
解析：考查不定冠词表示第一次提到的人或物，且元音音素前用an。故选C。
语法选择
Sometimes she was so tired that she felt like crying, she would find _38_ quiet place and cried out aloud.
A. a B. an C. the
解析：考查不定冠词表示第一次提到的人或物，且辅音音素前用a。故选A。
语法选择
考点精讲精练
考点1
不定冠词a, an
1. 不定冠词a与an的区别
a用于以辅音音素开头的单数可数名词前（5年2考）。
a book 一本书, a European language 一种欧洲语言
an用于以元音音素开头的单数可数名词前（2021. 35）。
an apple 一个苹果, an old man一个老人
【注意】
(1)以u开头的单词发音有两种：当u发/ /音时，前面用a；发 音时，前面用an。
a unit一个单元， an umbrella 一把伞
（2）某些以h开头的单词要用an， 因为首字母h不发音。
an hour 一个小时, an honest man 一个诚实的男人
(3)单独字母前的a和an的选用请记住一句话“Mr. Li has one fox. ”，这句话里包含的字母前面要用an。
There is an“h”and a “d” in the word “hold”. 单词“hold”里有一个“h”和一个“d”。
2. 不定冠词a, an的用法
(1)表示某一类人或物。
A plane is a machine that can fly. 飞机是一种能飞的机器。
______ actor is a person who performs in a play or film. 演员是在戏剧或电影中表演的人。
An
(2)第一次提到的人或物。(5年3考)
I see a boy over there. Is he your brother 我看到一个男孩在那边。他是你的弟弟吗？
Captain Charles Moore had __________ unexpected discovery in 1997. 船长查尔斯·摩尔在1997年有一个意料之外的发现。
an
(3)表示数量“一”，相当于one。
I bought a watch and two pens for my father on Father’s Day. 父亲节那天我给我爸爸买了一块手表和两支钢笔。
The plan will be ready in __________ week or two. 这个计划将在一两周内做好。
a
(4)表示“每一”的意思，相当于every。
We study eight hours a day. 我们一天学习8个小时。
He was driving at 50 miles __________ hour then. 当时他正以每小时50英里的速度驾车。
an
(5)用在序数词前面，表示“又一；再一”。
Though he failed seven times, he wanted to try an eighth time. 虽然他失败了7次，但他还想再试第8次。
Clinton ran __________ second time in 1996. 1996年，克林顿第二次竞选。
a
（6）在某些固定搭配中用不定冠词。
a lot of 许多（2019. 78）， a few/little/bit 一点儿， a period of 一段……时期（2018. 77）， have a good time 玩得开心，have a cold/fever 感冒/发烧，have a look/rest/walk/talk/try 看一看/休息/散步/聊天/试一试，in a hurry 匆忙
( )1. Natalia, _____ exchange student from Spain, is _____ university student in Sichuan now. (2022达州改编)
A. a; an B. an; the C. an; a
C
( )2. There is _____ useful robot in the restaurant near my home. It can serve food to customers.
(2022遂宁改编)
A. an B. the C. a
( )3. I usually have _____ egg and some bread for breakfast. (2022重庆B卷改编)
A. a B. an C. the
C
B
( )4. —Jenny, why not go for _____ picnic this Saturday
—Sounds great. (2022福建)
A. a B. an C. the
A
( )5. —What are you going to be when you grow up, Lily
—I’m going to be _____ astronaut like Wang Yaping. (2022云南改编)
A. a B. an C. the
B
1. 表示上文出现过的人或物(2020. 38)
He is going to buy a useful book. And the book is on science. 他打算买一本有用的书。而且这本书是关于科学的。
考点2
定冠词the
2. 表示谈话双方都知道的人或物
Could you please open the door for me？ 你可以帮我把门打开吗？
3. 用在世界上独一无二的事物、江河湖海山脉以及由普通名词构成的专有名词前(2019. 31)
the earth 地球，the Yellow River 黄河，the Great Wall 长城
4. 用于指某世纪的某个年代
in the 1990’s / in the 1990s在20世纪90年代
5. 用在中国传统节日前（即英文名称含有festival的节 日）
The whole family will get together at the Spring Festival. 春节 期间全家人都会聚在一起。
6. 用在西洋乐器前
play the violin 拉小提琴，play the piano 弹钢琴
7. 用在姓氏的复数形式前，表示“全家人”或“夫妇俩”,谓语动词用复数形式
The Smiths are watching TV at home. 史密斯一家正在家里看电视。
The Turners __________ going home on a train. 特纳一家正在回家的火车上。
are
8. 用在形容词前,表示一类人或物,谓语动词用复数形式
the rich富人， the sick病人， the old老人, the blind盲人， the dead死人
The wounded __________ brought to the hospital just now. 受伤者刚刚被送到了医院。
were
9. 用在序数词或形容词最高级的前面
She lives on the fifth floor. 她住在5楼。
To me, he is __________ most beautiful child in the world. 对我来说，他是世界上最美丽的孩子。
the
10. 用在带有定语从句或介词短语等作后置定语的名词前，特指某人或某物
He is the man that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见到的那个男人。
Can you see _________ book on the teacher’s desk 你看见讲台上的那本书了吗？
the
11. 在某些固定搭配中加the
(1)动词+sb. +介词+the+身体某一部位。
hit sb. on the head 撞到某人的头，take sb. by the arm抓住某人的手臂
(2)其他。
in the afternoon 在下午，all the time 一直，at the same time 同时，by the way 顺便说一下，in the end 最后，at the end of 在……的结尾， the number of ……的数量
( )1. China has helped end 70% of poverty worldwide since _____ late 1970s, according to _____ World Bank. (2022扬州改编)
A. a; a B. the; the C. a; the
B
( )2. _____ medical book Tian Hui Yi Jian by Bian Que and Cang Gong has come out in Chengdu. (2022成都A卷)
A. The B. An C. A
A
( )3. Ben watched Tom and Jerry yesterday. _____ cartoon made him laugh. (2022温州改编)
A. A B. An C. The
( )4. —What’s the most important tradition in a Chinese family
—We must care for _____ old. (2022自贡)
A. an B. the C. /
C
B
( )5. —When did _____ twenty-fourth Beijing Winter Olympic Games take place
—On February 4, 2022. (2022郴州)
A. a B. an C. the
C
1. 在专有名词、物质名词以及抽象名词前不加冠词
(1)专有名词(人名、地名、校名、国家名)前。
Jack 杰克，New York 纽约, Peking University 北京大学, China 中国
(2)物质名词前。 water 水, air 空气
(3)抽象名词前。 music 音乐, love 爱, hope 希望
考点3
零冠词
【注意】
（1）特指某个物质名词、抽象名词时前面需要加the。
the air in the room 房间里的空气，the love he shows to music 他对音乐的爱
（2）国家名的全称前加 the。
the United States of America(the USA)美国, the United Kingdom (the UK)英国
（3）某些物质名词前可加a / an，表示“一种；一份；一场……”。
a great pleasure 一种巨大的压力, a heavy snow/rain 一场大雪/雨
2. 在年份、月份、季节 、节 假日以及星期前不加冠词
in July 在7月，on Christmas Day 在圣诞节 , on Sunday 在星期天
【注意】
(1)特定某一年的季节 前要加the。
He was born in the winter of 2005. 他出生在2005年的冬天。
(2)中国的传统节 日前要加the。
During the Spring Festival， we often visit our relatives. 春节 期间，我们经常走访亲戚。
3. 在学科、语言、球类、棋类、交通工具以及三餐前不加冠词
(1)学科、语言前。 study science 学习科学, speak English 说英语
(2)球类、棋类前。 play soccer 踢足球, play chess 下棋
(3)与by连用的交通工具前。 by train 坐火车
(4)三餐前。 have breakfast / lunch / dinner 吃早 / 中 / 晚餐
【注意】 特指某餐时前面要加the; 当三餐前有修饰词时要加a/an。
How was the dinner at Mr. Smith’s house？史密斯先生家里的晚餐怎么样？
I’ll make you ______ big dinner. 我会为你做一顿丰盛的晚餐。
a
4. 在称呼语或表示头衔、职务的名词前不加冠词
Captain Trent gave his men a full briefing. 特伦特船长给了他的下属详细的指示。
5. 名词前有限定词时不加冠词
常见的限定词有指示代词(this, that, these, those)、形容词性物主代词(my, your, his, her,its,our,their)以及一些不定代词(some, any, no, every)等。
That blue bag is mine. 那个蓝色的书包是我的。
6. 在某些固定搭配中不加冠词
at last最后，at once 立刻，at night在晚上，at home/work/school 在家/在工作/在学校， on time 准时，side by side肩并肩地， go to bed 上床睡觉(2018. 31)，go to hospital去医院看病，year after year 一年又一年
【拓展】在某些固定搭配中有无冠词的区别
in front of 在……的前面（范围外） in the front of 在……的前面（范围内） in hospital (生病)住院
in the hospital在医院里
take place发生 take the place (of)代替 at table在吃饭
at the table 在桌旁
next year明年(多用于一般将来时) the next year第二年（多用于一般过去时） on earth究竟
on the earth在地球上
( )1. After _____ school, I bought _____ present for my mother. (2022天津改编)
A. /; a B. a; / C. a; the
( )2. My brother Tom can play _____ ping-pong well, but he can’t play _____ violin. (2022齐齐哈尔)
A. the; / B. the; the C. /; the
A
C
( )3. We often have three meals _____ day. And we usually have _____ breakfast at 8：00 every morning.
A. a；the B. a；a C. a； /
( )4. I like playing _____ chess but my brother likes playing _____ piano.
A. /; the B. the; the C. the; /
C
A
( )5. Today is his _____ fifth birthday.
A. a B. the C. /
C
语篇考点专练
一、语法选择
As a foreigner, the first time I ate hot pot was in Chongqing, China. The hot pot restaurant was one of the largest and busiest places in _1_ city. In the restaurant, hundreds of people were crowded into one large room. My friend and I sat at _2_ table with a large pot in the middle. It was _3_ amazing experience. I really couldn’t forget it.
the
a
an
Today, the hot pot is one of _4_ most popular forms of cooking in China, and nearly every town and city has some hot pot restaurants. Some people might ask how the hot pot becomes so popular. With a hot pot, you can put in any _5_ food that you like. The same pot can serve _6_ number of different meals to the people sitting around the table. Everyone can eat as much as
the
/
a
they want and no one is left out. This is one _7_ the values of Chinese culture. Finally, not only does hot pot taste wonderful, but it is the perfect way _8_ time with others.
In China, people often joke that there’s no problem that a hot pot can’t solve. Over a hot pot, people can talk about not just food, but also _9_ friendship. The food may
of
to spend
/
soon be forgotten, but the friendship will stay with us forever. Even today, I remember all _10_ good times I spent with my friends in Chongqing. （2022台州改编）
the
( )1. A. a B. an C. the
( )2. A. a B. an C. /
( )3. A. a B. an C. /
( )4. A. a B. the C. /
( )5. A. a B. the C. /
C
A
B
B
C
( )6. A. a B. the C. /
( )7. A. to B. with C. of
( )8. A. spend B. spent C. to spend
( )9. A. a B. an C. /
( )10. A. a B. the C. /
A
C
C
C
B
二、短文填空
Jim is only three years old and he is often ill. His parents are very worried about this. Yesterday he had _1_ bad cold and had a high fever again. His mother took him to _2_ hospital across from their house to see a doctor at once. After getting home from _3_ hospital, his mother fed him the medicine and asked him to lie in
a
the
the
the bed to have a rest. She hoped he would be all right soon. _4_ hour later, his temperature was still high. His mother looked more worried than before. She thought for _5_ while, and then brought back some water and put a towel (毛巾) into _6_ water. After that, she covered Jim’s head with the towel in order to make his
a
An
the
temperature go down as soon as possible. She also used _7_ fan (风扇) to make him feel better. Some time later, Jim’s temperature went down and his mother was not so worried. She lay in the bed and had _8_ rest.
From this story we know that it’s not _9_ easy thing for parents to bring up their kids. So I think kids should try their best to be _10_ responsible person in
a
a
an
a
the society and do something to show their love for their parents.
1. ________________ 2. ________________
3. ________________ 4. ________________
5. ________________ 6. ________________
7. ________________ 8. ________________
9. ________________ 10. ________________
a
a
a
the
the
An
the
a
an
a
THANKS!