2023年中考英语复习模块一语法专题探究第十章　介词课件(共66张PPT)

(共66张PPT)
模块一 语法专题探究
第十章　介词
01
课表语法导图
02
考点精讲精练
03
语法分层演练
语境导入
①On a Saturday morning ②in November, my parents left home to meet my uncle ③at the airport.They went there ④________ car.My mother thought it was not safe ⑤________ me to stay home alone, so she locked the door and asked me not to open it until they came back.
by
for
However, it wasn't long before someone knocked ⑥__________ the door. I looked ⑦through the peep hole(窥孔) and saw a stranger.I was afraid but I told myself to be brave.Two hours later, my parents came back.After seeing my parents, the stranger said, “I have been waiting outside the door ⑧__________ two hours.”
Oh, the stranger was my uncle.Why had my uncle changed so much
at/on
for
Step 1　根据上下文填入适当的介词
Step 2　中考对于介词的考查主要集中在以下几类
(1)表示时间的介词(①②⑧)　　　　　　　
(2)表示地点与位置的介词(③)
(3)表示方式、手段或工具的介词(④⑦)
(4)其他常见介词(⑤)
(5)介词的固定搭配(⑥)
考点精析
1
表示时间的介词
1．at, on和in的区别
at 多用于时间点 at 9 o'clock; at noon
on (1)表示具体某天； (2)用于具体某天的早、中、晚以及其前有形容词修饰时 on May 1st; on a cold night
in 多用于时间段。后接上午、下午、晚上以及月、年、季节、世纪等较长的一段时间 in 1989; in the eighteenth century; in spring; in his twenties; in the morning
2.before, after和in的区别
before 表示“在……以前”，其后常接时间点 before five o'clock; before Friday
after 表示“在……以后”，其后接时间点时，可和一般过去时或一般将来时连用；其后接时间段时，常和一般过去时连用 ①She will come after Sunday.
②She came back after a week.
in 表示“在……以后”，其后接时间段，常和一般将来时连用 She will be back in two weeks/months/years.
3.since, for和from的区别：
since & for since表示“自从……以来”，后接过去的时间点；for表示“持续一段时间”，后接时间段。两者常与完成时连用 I have been in China since last year(时间点).＝I have been in China for one year(时间段).
from 常用结构from… to…，表示“从……到……”，不能用于现在完成时 I go to school from Monday to Friday.
since后可接过去时的句子，此时since是连词。如：He has stayed in this school since he came here.
4．其他表示时间的介词
during “在……期间”，表示在一段时间内或某一项活动中 during the winter holiday
by “不迟于”，表示动作的完成 You must hand in your report by Friday.
until/till 直到……为止 not… until/till直到……才 ①The street is full of traffic from morning till night.
②We didn't leave until the very end.
考点1分层专练
先练基础——单句训练
1．(2022镇江改编)The traditional Chinese lunar calendar divides a year into 24 solar terms.Xiaoman (a little full) usually falls __________ May.
2. 易错点(2022恩施州改编)Maria went skating with her friends in the park __________ a sunny morning.
in
on
3．(2022怀化改编)Mingming will have a class meeting __________ 3：30 this afternoon.
4．(2022宿迁改编) __________ spring, the days are often windy and bright.It's a perfect time to fly a kite.
5．(2022潜江改编)—I'm going to Disneyland ______ two weeks.
—Wow, that sounds like fun!
6．Annie was born a few weeks __________ Christmas, on the first day of December.
at
In
in
before
再提能力——小语篇训练(语法选择)
China keeps innovating(革新) in science and technology.__7__ April 16, 2022, China welcomed three heroic astronauts home.After flying around Earth __8__ six months, they came back home safely.__9__ the stay in space, they gave lively science lessons from the Tiangong space station.That made millions of children fall in love with space science.
(　　)7.A.In　　　　 B．On　　　　 C．At
(　　)8.A.since　　 B．until　　　　 C．for
(　　)9.A.During　　 B．After　　　 C．Before
B
C
A
2
表示地点与位置的介词
1．in, on和to的区别
如：①Haikou is in the south of China.②Canada lies on the north of the US.③China is to the west of Japan.
2．across, through, over和past的区别
①across指从表面经过。如：The old man went
across the road carefully.
②through指从中间穿过。如：The thief got in the house through the window.
③over指从上方通过。如：Look! A bird is flying over the tall building.
④past指从旁边经过。如：He hurried past them without stopping.
3．on, over, above, below和under的区别
①on表示“接触物体表面的上方”。如：
on the table, on the first floor。
②over表示“不接触物体表面的正上方”。如：
They held a large umbrella over her.
③above表示“不接触物体表面的上方”，不一定是正上方。如：
A clock is above the blackboard.
④below表示“不接触物体表面的下方”，不一定是正下方。如：
Write your name below the line.
⑤under表示“不接触物体表面的正下方”。如：
A basketball is under the desk.
(1)above还可以表示“超过，多于(数量、年龄、温度等)”。如：
Temperatures have been above average.气温已经高于平均温度。
(2)below还可以表示“(数量)少于；(标准)低于”。如：
The temperatures remained below freezing all day.气温一整天都保持在冰点以下。
(3)under还可以表示“少于；小于；比……年轻”。如：
Nobody under 18 is allowed to buy alcohol.未满18岁者不得买酒。
4．between和among的区别
between “在……中间”，一般指两者之间 There is a playground between the two buildings.
among “在……之间”，一般用于三者或三者以上 His house is hidden among the trees.
5.in front of 与in the front of 的区别
in front of 指在物体外部的前面 There is a tall tree in front of my house.(树在屋外)
in the front of 指在物体内的前部 Can you see the desk in the front of the classroom？(桌子在教室里面)
6.by, beside和near的区别
by “在……旁边”，比near更近 a house by the river
beside “在旁边(或附近)”，相当于next to He sat beside her.
near “在……附近；靠近”，可表示时间、空间等 Do you live near here？
7.其他表示方位的介词
behind 在……后面 Lily is standing behind Jane.
along 沿着 Walk along the street.
against 倚；紧靠；碰；撞 The rain beat against the windows.
opposite/across from 在……对面 The bank is opposite the supermarket.
around 围绕；环绕 He put his arms around her.
(1)区别in the wall与on the wall
in the wall指在墙里面，on the wall指在墙面上。如：
There is a window in the wall and a beautiful picture is hung on the wall．墙上有扇窗户，并且墙上挂着一幅漂亮的画。(窗户在墙里面，画在墙的表面)
(2)区别in the tree与on the tree
in the tree指在树上的外来物，on the tree指树本身长出的果实等。如：
Tom put his bag in the apple tree and then he picked the apples on the tree．汤姆把书包挂在了苹果树上，然后摘了树上的苹果。(书包是外来物，而苹果是树本身长出来的)
考点2分层专练
先练基础——单句训练
1．(2022绥化改编)—A model plane is __________ the tree.Let's get it down.
—Look! The apples __________ the tree are really red.
2．She held her breath for three minutes __________ the water.
3．The children are dancing __________ her, and she is sitting in the middle.
in
on
in/under
around
(　　)4.(2022盘锦)Vincent sometimes sits ________ the river and listens to music.
A．on　 B．by　 C．over　 D．under
(　　)5.(2022连云港)The traffic light is green.Let's go ________ the road.
A．against　 B．among　
C．across　　　 D．above
B
C
再提能力——小语篇训练(语法选择)
I used to be the shyest person in the world.I hid __6__ my elder sister whenever I had to speak to a stranger.When I was asked to speak in class, I could hardly breathe.Even __7__ a few friends I talked a little.
(　　)6.A.over　　　 B．under　　 C．behind
(　　)7.A.among　　 B．after　　 C．between
C
A
Then in the seventh grade, I attended a voice lesson.A few months later, I was asked to sing __8__ an old people's home.To my surprise, I succeeded.
Today, I can stand __9__ the whole class and give a big speech.I am proud of myself.
(　　)8.A.on　　　 B．in　　 C．from
(　　)9.A.above　 B．in the front of　 C．in front of
B
C
3
表示方式、手段或工具的介词
1．in, with, by和on表示“用”的区别
in 后接表示语言、颜色、材料等的名词，且in和后面的名词之间一般没有其他词 in English; in ink(用墨水); color the cloth in red(把布染红)
with 后接表示具体的手段与工具等的名词，且with与后面的名词之间一般有其他词或用名词复数 He hit my window with a stone.(with和stone中间有冠词a)
by 表示用某种方式或手段，接名词时其前不加冠词，接动词时用 ing形式 by hand; make a living by fishing(打鱼谋生)
on 表示用网络、电器等 talk on the phone; search on the Internet
2.表示交通方式的介词
一般情况下用“by＋表示交通工具的单数名词”来表示“乘坐/骑……”。如果介词与表示交通工具的名词间有限定词，则介词不能用by, 要用相应的in或者on。具体如下：
by bus＝on/in… bus　by bike＝on… bike　
by plane＝in/on… plane　by train＝on/in… train
by ship＝on… ship　by boat＝on… boat(船较大)/in… boat　by car＝in… car　by subway＝on… subway
考点3分层专练
先练基础——单句训练
(　　)1.(2022柳州改编)—How are you going to Shanghai, Harry
—________ plane.
A．Of B．In C．By　 D．With
C
(　　)2.(2022云南)—How do you relax in your free time
—________ doing sports and listening to music.
A．At B．On
C．In D．By
D
3．(2022成都改编)My mother often tells me it's impolite to hit an empty bowl __________ chopsticks.
4．Look at the girl __________ red over there.It's my sister, Nina.
with
in
4
其他常见介词的用法
1．of和for的常用句型
It's＋adj.＋of sb.＋to do sth. 当形容词用来修饰人时用of It's very nice of you to help me.
It's＋adj.＋for sb.＋to do sth. 当形容词用来修饰事情时用for It's very hard for him to study two languages.
2.against和for
against 表示“反对；与……相反；违反” Are you for or against the plan 你赞成还是反对这个计划？
for 表示“赞成”
3.with和 without
with 表示“和……一起；具有……”等意思 China is a country with a long history.
without 表示“没有”等意思，与with 相反 Fish will die without water.
4.besides, except和but的区别
besides 指“除……外(还)”，表示加的概念 We have lots of things in common besides music.除了音乐，我们还有很多共同点。
except 指“整体中除去一部分”，表示减的概念 We go to school every day except Saturday and Sunday.除了星期六和星期天，我们天天要上学。
but 表示“除……之外”，常用于固定搭配nothing but或nobody but There's nobody but Tom in the classroom.除了汤姆，教室里没有人。
5.其他介词
like 相似；像……一样；例如 He ran like the wind.
as 作为；以……身份 work as an engineer
about 关于；大约 The film is about friendship.
including 包括……在内 Six people were killed, including a kid.
考点3分层专练
先练基础——单句训练
1．(2022哈尔滨改编)Harbin is famous __________ ice and snow.It's well worth visiting in winter.
2. 易错点(2022黑龙江改编)All the students have gone to the science museum __________ Tom.Because he is ill.
for
except
(　　)3.(2022黔东南州)—Ms.Huang, what would you like ________ your afternoon tea
—Just a cup of coffee ________ any sugar or milk.
A．for; without　　 B．to; without　　
C．for; with　　 D．to; with
(　　)4.It's very kind ________ you to lend me your reusable shopping bags.
A．to　　　 B．of　 C．for　　 D．with
A
B
再提能力——小语篇训练(语法选择)
Britain's Got Talent is a British television talent show and competition.Anyone __5__ some kind of talent can get a chance to perform on the show.People compete __6__ each other to win first prize.
(　　)5.A.like　 B．with　 C．without
(　　)6.A.for　 B．over　 C．against
B
C
5
介词的固定搭配
1．动词与介词
agree with 同意　　　　　 pay for 为……付钱　　　　　　　　　depend on 取决于
learn from 向……学习　　 look for 寻找　　　　
deal with处理
hear from 收到……的来信　 belong to属于　　　
laugh at 嘲笑
2．形容词与介词
be full of 充满　　　　　
be angry with sb.生某人的气
be busy with 忙于　 be famous for以……著名
be proud of 以……自豪 be pleased with 对……满意
be bored of 对……厌倦 be interested in 对……感兴趣
3．介词与名词
on purpose 故意地　　 in public 当众　　　in surprise 惊讶地　　　　by chance 偶然地
in danger处于危险中　on earth 究竟 on sale廉价出售；待售　 on show 展览
4．其他短语
thanks to 多亏 because of 因为　　 instead of 代替 according to 根据　 rather than而不是
考点5分层专练
先练基础——单句训练
(　　)1.(2022镇江)Our school provides so many colourful after school activities on Fridays, but each student can only choose ________ two activities.
A．at first　　 B．at last　　
C．at least　　 D．at most
D
(　　)2.(2022新疆)Poems influence people a lot.________， the poems of Bai Juyi are still meaningful today.
A．In the end　　 B．From now on　　
C．At first　　　 D．For example
3．(2022贺州改编)__________ my opinion, we should be proud of our country.
4．He takes pride __________ his children's achievements.
D
In
in
再提能力——小语篇训练(短文填空)
Are you looking for something fun Would you like to help others 5.__________ your spare time Then join us to be a volunteer! We're a non profit(非营利的) organization.We have volunteer jobs of all ages.
in
You can care 6.__________ children while their parents are not in.Hospitals need volunteers to visit sick kids to cheer them up.Animal lovers help take care 7.__________ those dogs and cats without homes.You can read the newspaper to the old or just talk 8.__________ them.
“I often played computer games before.Now I help old people learn how to use computers，” a volunteer said.
If everyone helps out a bit, we'll have a better world to live in.
for
of
with/to
层级一 语法点针对训练
一、语法选择
It was my first class in this new school, so nobody here knew me.I looked at the words __1__ the page.I knew how to say them, but my mouth wouldn't work.My teacher just asked me to read the text out loud.The whole class was waiting __2__ me silently.I could even hear my heartbeats.
(　　)1.A.in　　　　 B．at　　　　 C．on
(　　)2.A.up　　　　 B．for　　　　 C．down
C
B
I just sat there.Seconds passed.Some students started to laugh.“What's wrong__3__ her？” one boy said.“Maybe she can't read __4__ all！” said another student.
(　　)3.A.at　　　　 B．with　　　 C．under
(　　)4.A.in　　　　 B．on　　　　 C．at
B
C
“Just open your mouth and speak！” I told myself.I tried to get the words out.But the first step is always the hardest.The teacher was waiting.More of my classmates were making fun __5__ me.I wanted to hide __6__ my desk.I soon felt my tears(眼泪) running down…
(　　)5.A.of　　　　 B．over　　　　 C．on
(　　)6.A.through　 B．under　　　 C．above
A
B
I often faced situations like this __7__ my grade school.Why Because I had a stuttering(结巴) problem.Because __8__ this, I often felt embarrassed at school.
Thankfully, I met a great teacher, Mrs.Brown.She never rushed me when I was trying to talk.She helped me to relax when I was speaking, and would always wait patiently for me to finish my sentences.
(　　)7.A.during　　　 B．on　　　　 C．except
(　　)8.A.for　　　　 B．to　　　　 C．of
A
C
Great changes happened __9__ me.When I entered high school, I almost stopped stuttering.In college, I had no trouble at all.As a child, I never imagined that I would become a teacher just __10__ Mrs.Brown, passing love and care on to my students.
(　　)9.A.in　　　　 B．on　　　　 C．to
(　　)10.A.like　　　 B．for　　　　 C．on
C
A
三、短文填空
I'm Kevin, a student of Grade 9.Most 1.__________ my friends walk to school, but I like to ride my bike each day.I wake 2.__________ at 7：00.After I wash my face and eat breakfast, I throw the schoolbag 3.__________ my back.Do I have my books and homework Yes, I do.
of
up
on/onto
I take my bike, hop(跳) onto it and ride to school 4.__________ 7：30. “See you later.Mum，” I say.
I pass my friends when I ride by.“Hi, Kevin！” they call when I pass.My best friend Mary does not want to ride 5.__________ me together.She does not like to wear a schoolbag.She likes to carry her books 6.__________ her arms when she walks.She likes to kick autumn leaves.But she likes to look at flowers best.
at
with
in
I like to go anywhere 7.__________ bike to feel the fresh air in my face.When I get 8.__________ school, I lock my bike in the bicycle park.I walk from the football field to the other side 9.__________ the school to say hi to Mr Brown and wait 10.__________ my friends in our classroom.
by
to
of
for
层级二　中考题型训练
语法选择
(2022绥化改编)In 1992, a boy named Zhiqiang was born with no arms in a small village in Shandong Province.With hard practice, he could do many things with his feet when he grew up.He learned __1__ clothes, cook meals and do farm work.
(　　)1.A.to wash　　　　 B．washing　　　　 C．wash
A
He said, “If I want to live like others, I have to try my __2__．Every one of us has the ability to learn.No matter how many difficulties I have, I __3__ out of my way to face them.”
(　　)2.A.well　　　　 B．better　　　　 C．best
(　　)3.A.will go　　　 B．have gone　　 C．went
C
A
His brother bought him a smartphone.He thought it was so useful and decided to learn it.He managed to press __4__ button with his toe tips(脚尖).The Internet connected him with the world.He had an idea when he knew the local farm products couldn't __5__ out of mountains.
(　　)4.A.it　　　　 B．its　　　　 C．itself
(　　)5.A.sell　　　　 B．be sold　　　 C．sold
B
B
In 2015, he opened an online store which sold farm products.When his business got __6__， he decided to help other villagers.At first, only a few of them trusted him.__7__ his effort, the products were popular online.
(　　)6.A.succeed　　 B．successfully　　 C．successful
(　　)7.A.By　　　　 B．On　　　　 C．With
C
C
So more villagers came to ask him for help.Later, he decided to sell their products on short videos.It was __8__ great success and he has created a good life for himself and the villagers.
(　　)8.A.a　　　　 B．the　　　　 C．/
A
The __9__ story shows that nothing can stop us from achieving our dreams if we put our hearts into it.We can also fly even without wings __10__ we have a brave and strong heart.
(　　)9.A.boy　　　　 B．boy's　　　 C．boys'
(　　)10.A.although　　 B．so　　　　 C．because
B
C
短文大意：本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了无臂少年志强通过不懈的努力，使自己和村民过上好生活的励志故事。
1．learn to do sth.学习做某事。
2．try one's best竭尽全力。
5．农产品是被卖出山区，所以用被动语态。
6．此处successful在系动词后作表语。
7．with one's effort通过某人的努力。
自我评价表
Step 1　请将你已经掌握的内容划“√”；尚未掌握的内容，请再次重点复习哦！
□表示时间的介词　　　　□表示地点与位置的介词　　　　□表示方式、手段或工具的介词
□其他常见介词　　　　　□介词的固定搭配
Step 2　请为自己的学习成果打分
(1)我能运用所学语法知识，完成中考介词相关的语法题。__________分/5分
(2)我对做好介词相关的中考题有信心。__________分/5分
谢谢大家！