5.必修第三册Unit 4 期末复习背诵及检测（含答案与解析）

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必修第三册Unit 4 期末复习背诵及检测
一．词汇拓展
1. broad adj. 广泛的；宽阔的，广阔的，概括的；开阔的→broaden v. 变宽；变阔；增长→broadly adv. 广泛地
2.intend vi.& vt. 想要，计划；意指→intention n. 意图→intentional adj.故意的,有意的→intentionally adv.故意地;有意地
3.refer v. 查阅，参考；谈及，提到→pt./pp. referred/referred→reference n. 参考
4. sufficient adj. 足够的，充足的→sufficiently adv. 充分地→反义词: insufficientadj.不充分的;不足的
5.illustrate vt. 说明，解释；加插图于→illustration n. 插图；图解；图示→illustrator插图画家;说明这;图解者
6. bacteria n. 细菌→bacterium (sing.)细菌
7.indicate vt. 表明；暗示；提及；指出→indication n. 表明；标示→indicator n. 迹象；指示器
8. accident n. 意外，偶然的事；事故，意外遭遇→accidental adj. 意外的；偶然的→accidentally adv. 意外地；偶然地
9.intelligent adj. 有才智的，聪明的；有智力的→intelligence n. 智力
10.favor/favour vt. 较喜欢；偏袒；有助于 n. 帮助，好事；赞同；偏袒→favorable adj. 赞同的；有利的
11.scientific adj. 科学的，关于科学的；细致严谨的→scientifically adv. 科学地→science n. 科学→scientist n. 科学家
12.apply vt.& vi. 申请；应用；涂；有关→applicant n. 申请人→application n. 申请
13. wisdom智慧,知识,学问;才智;明智n.→wise明智的;聪明的;博学的adj.→wisely明智地;聪明地;精明地adv.
14.intellectual adj. 脑力的；有才智的，智力发达的 n. 知识分子；脑力劳动者→intellect n. 智力；才智超群的人
15. declare v. 表明，宣称；公布，宣布；申报→declaration n. 宣布
二、 短语积累
1. refer to 参考
2. speed up加速
3. pay off 成功，奏效，达到目的
4. through trial and error 反复试验
5.by accident 偶然，意外地
6. put forward提出
7. with a bang很成功,引人注目，有强烈影响
8. let sb. down使某人失望
9. as to关于，至于
10. take it for granted 认为…是理所当然的
11. be awarded for 因为……被授予
12. after graduation毕业后
13. acquire a broad knowledge of获得……的广泛知识
14. intend to do意图做/volunteer to do志愿做
15. a cure for……的疗法
16. fail to do 没能做某事/succeed in doing 成功地做成某事/manage to do设法做成某事
17. draw on凭借，利用
18. be beneficial to=be of benefit to 对……有利
19. be involved in卷入，涉及，参与
20. to the credit of science科学的功劳，归功于科学
默写检测
一、 词汇拓展
1._________ adj. 广泛的；宽阔的，广阔的，概括的；开阔的→_________ v. 变宽；变阔；增长→_________ adv. 广泛地
2._________ vi.& vt. 想要，计划；意指→_________ n. 意图→_________adj.故意的,有意的→________adv.故意地;有意地
3________ v. 查阅，参考；谈及，提到→pt./pp. ________/________→________ n. 参考
4._________ adj. 足够的，充足的→_________ adv. 充分地→反义词:________adj.不充分的;不足的
5._________ vt. 说明，解释；加插图于→_________ n. 插图；图解；图示→____________插图画家;说明这;图解者
6._________ n. 细菌→_________ (sing.)细菌
7.________ vt. 表明；暗示；提及；指出→_________ n. 表明；标示→_________ n. 迹象；指示器
8._________ n. 意外，偶然的事；事故，意外遭遇→________ adj. 意外的；偶然的→________ adv. 意外地；偶然地
9._________ adj. 有才智的，聪明的；有智力的→_________ n. 智力
10._________ vt. 较喜欢；偏袒；有助于 n. 帮助，好事；赞同；偏袒→_________ adj. 赞同的；有利的
11._________ adj. 科学的，关于科学的；细致严谨的→_________ adv. 科学地→________ n. 科学→_________ n. 科学家
12._____ vt.& vi. 申请；应用；涂；有关→______ n. 申请人→_______ n. 申请
13.____________智慧,知识,学问;才智;明智n.→___________明智的;聪明的;博学的adj.→____________明智地;聪明地;精明地adv.
14._________ adj. 脑力的；有才智的，智力发达的 n. 知识分子；脑力劳动者→_________ n. 智力；才智超群的人
15.________ v. 表明，宣称；公布，宣布；申报→_________ n. 宣布
二、 短语积累
1.__________________ 参考
2.__________________ 加速
3.________________ 成功，奏效，达到目的
4._________________ 反复试验
5.__________________ 偶然，意外地
6.__________________ 提出
7.__________________ 很成功；引人注目，有强烈影响
8. __________________ 使某人失望
9. ___________ 关于，至于
10. _____________ 认为……是理所当然的
11. __________________ 因为……被授予
12. __________________ 毕业后
13. _______________ 获得……的广泛知识
14. __________________ 意图做/________________志愿做
15.__________________ ……的疗法
16. _____________ 没能做某事/__________________ 成功地做成某事/__________________ 设法做成某事
17. __________________凭借，利用
18. __________________ 对……有利
19.___________________卷入，涉及，参与
20.______________科学的功劳，归功于科学
能力提升训练
一、选词填空（根据句意，选择最恰当的词组并用其正确形式填空）
by accident; with a bang; catch the attention of; far from; go off; be known for; work out; go through; look like
1.She discovered the problem ______.
2.A good advertisement should stand out and ______ people who are watching TV.
3.He was ______ being satisfied with the way the things were done.
4.A few minutes later the bomb ______, destroying the vehicle.
5.He ______ taking a tough line on security.
6.Things just didn't ______ as planned.
7.You don't want your living room to ______ a bedroom.
8.It was evident that someone had ______ my possessions.
9.The school year started off______ when I was named class president.
二、语法填空（阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。）
People around the globe have been mourning the death of Chinese scientist Yuan Longping, (1) lifelong research in hybrid rice helps feed more people around the world.
Born in Beijing in 1930, Yuan devoted his entire life (2) the study of hybrid rice. With his tireless efforts, he finally (3) (overcome) numerous difficulties and cultivated the world's first hybrid rice strain in 1973, which was planted first in Hunan province in the following year. It was the first time that a hybrid rice (4) (use) for farming.
Having spent over five decades in hybrid rice research, Yuan has helped China work a great wonder— (5) (feed) nearly one-fifth of the world's population with (6) (little) than 9 percent of the world's total land. Moreover, Yuan's team has also offered training (7) (course) in dozens of countries to help them address the problem of food (8) (short). However, (9) impressed the world most was that despite such great contributions he made, he still considered himself (10) farmer and cared little about money or fame. Yuan is surely a great figure to be remembered.
三、阅读七选五（根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。）
People have been baking (烤) and eating bread for at least 30,000 years. But even today, bakers, farmers, and scientists are still working together to make even better bread.
Stephen Jones and others at the Bread Lab at Washington State University are developing different kinds of wheat—just like there are different kinds of apples. The scientists are working with farmers and bakers to grow better wheat. (1) They're also working on developing better wheat for specific purposes, like for cookies or cakes.
But it's not just about making better-tasting food. (2) The grain provides 20 percent of all calories that every person on the planet eats. There are now 7.6 billion people on Earth. By 2050, there will be 9.7 billion. To feed everyone, farmers will have to figure out how to grow a lot more wheat.
There are challenges. (3) Farmers often have to add fertilizer to feed the plants and use chemicals to kill weeds and pests. But using too much of either is bad for the environment. Because of climate change, scientists also expect more droughts. Or, it might rain a lot one year. But the next year it won't. The wheat crops might get sick more often.
(4) They're trying to develop wheat that can survive big changes over seasons. They're trying to create types of wheat that can grow with less fertilizer, are more resistant (有抵抗力的) to pests, and won't get sick as much.
Recently, scientists sequenced (排序) the wheat genome (基因组) for the first time. (5) This will help scientists understand how to develop the kinds of wheat needed to feed the world.
A. The amount of land on Earth is limited.
B. So scientists are doing more research now.
C. You only need four ingredients to make bread.
D. That means they worked out the DNA code of wheat.
E. They want wheat that's more delicious and nutritious.
F. Wheat is one of the most important crops in the world.
G. During baking a lot of chemical reactions are happening.
答案和解析
一、选词填空（根据句意，选择最恰当的词组并用其正确形式填空）
1.by accident 2.catch the attention of 3.far from 4.went off
5.is known for 6.work out 7.look like 8.gone through 9.with a bang
【解析】1.句意：她偶然发现了这个问题。短语by accident“偶然”，符合句意。故填by accident。
2.句意：一个好的广告应该醒目，引起看电视的人的注意。短语catch the attention of“引起某人的注意”，符合句意。此处与stand out并列，应用动词原形。故填catch the attention of。
3.句意：他对做事的方式很不满意。短语far from“远非”，符合句意。故填far from。
4.句意：几分钟后，炸弹爆炸了，毁坏了那辆车。由后文“毁坏了那辆车”，可推测此处意为“炸弹爆炸了”。短语go off“爆炸”，符合句意。由语境可知本句时态为一般过去时。故填went off。
5.句意：他以在安全问题上采取强硬立场而闻名。短语be known for“以……闻名”，符合句意。本句陈述的是客观情况，应用一般现在时，主语是he。故填is known for。
6.句意：事情并没有按计划进行。短语work out“进展顺利，有满意的结果”，符合句意。故填work out。
7.句意：你不希望你的客厅看起来像卧室。短语look like“看起来像”，符合句意。故填look like。
8.句意：显然有人翻了我的东西。短语go through“仔细检查”，符合句意。由空前的had可知，此处时态为过去完成时，空处应用动词的-ed形式。故填gone through。
9.句意：当我被任命为班长时，这一学年就轰轰地开始了。短语with a bang“成功地；砰地一声；热气腾腾地”，符合句意。故填with a bang。
二、语法填空（阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。）
1.whose 2.to 3.overcame 4.had been used 5.feeding
6.less 7.courses 8.shortage 9.what 10.as
【解析】1. 句意：世界各地的人们都在哀悼中国科学家袁隆平的逝世，他毕生致力于高产水稻品种的研究，为世界各地更多的人们提供粮食。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰Yuan Longping，故此处用who的所有格whose，作定语，表示“……的”，符合题意。故填whose。
2. 句意：袁隆平1930年出生于北京，毕生致力于杂交水稻的研究。devote...to...“致力于”，为固定短语，故填to。
3. 句意：经过不懈的努力，他终于在1973年成功培育出世界上第一个杂交水稻品种，并于次年在湖南省首次种植。分析句子可知，此处overcome与后面的cultivated并列，作并列谓语，描述过去发生的事情，故应使用一般过去时，故填overcame。
4. 句意：这是杂交水稻第一次被用于农业。“it is/was the +序数词+ time+完成时”是固定句型，因为此处前面的be动词是was，所以后面应使用过去完成时，use是从句谓语动词，与主语a hybrid rice是被动关系，故填had been used。
5. 句意：他花了50多年的时间研究杂交水稻，帮助中国创造了一个伟大的奇迹——用不到世界总面积9%的土地养活了将近世界五分之一的人口。分析句子可知，破折号后的内容解释说明a great wonder，feed与逻辑主语wonder是主动关系，应用动词的-ing形式。故填feeding。
6. 句意同上。根据后面的than可知，此处要用比较级，little的比较级是less。故填less。
7. 句意：此外，为了帮助解决粮食短缺问题，袁的团队在数十个国家提供培训。course“课程”可数名词，此处意为“几十个国家的培训课程”，不止一门课程，因此要用复数形式。故填courses。
8. 句意同上。分析句子可知，意为“食物短缺”，因此要使用名词形式shortage，作介词宾语，shortage此处用作不可数名词，food shortage“食物短缺”。故填shortage。
9. 句意：然而，让世界印象最深刻的是，尽管他做出了这么大的贡献，他仍然认为自己是一个农民，并不在乎金钱和名声。分析句子可知，此处引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，用连接词what引导，在该主语从句中作主语，意为“……的（东西）”，故填what。
10. 句意同上。固定词组consider sb. as...，意为“认为某人是……”，此处意为：袁隆平认为自己是农民。故填as。
三、阅读七选五（根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。）
1~5. E、F、A、B、D
【解析】【文章大意】本文主要讲述了面包虽然有至少3000年的历史，但在今天，面包师、农民和科学家仍在共同努力制作更好的面包。
1. 根据上文The scientists are working with farmers and bakers to grow better wheat.（科学家和农民，面包师一起种植更好的小麦。）可知，，E项（他们想让小麦更加美味和有营养）和上文是解释关系，符合语境。故选E。
2. 根据上文But it's not just about making better-tasting food.（但这不仅仅是为了做出更美味的食物。）及下文To feed everyone, farmers will have to figure out how to grow a lot more wheat.（为了养活所有人，农民们必须想办法种植更多的小麦。）可知，此处在介绍小麦的重要性。分析选项，F项（小麦是世界上最重要的农作物之一。）符合语境。wheat是关键词。故选F。
3. 根据本段的主题句There are challenges.可知，本段主要介绍种植所面临的挑战。A项（地球上的土地是有限的）呼应主题句，符合语境。故选A。
4. 根据下文They're trying to develop wheat...to pests, and won't get sick as much.（他们正在努力培育能够经受季节性大变化的小麦。他们正试图创造出一种用更少的肥料就能生长的小麦，对害虫有更强的抵抗力，而且不会生病太多。）可知，本段主要介绍现在科学家所进行的研究。B项（所以科学家们正在做更多的研究。）符合语境。research是关键词。故选B。
5. 根据上文Recently, scientists sequenced (排序) the wheat genome (基因组) for the first time.（最近，科学家们首次对小麦基因组进行了排序。）可知，D项（这意味着他们破解了小麦的DNA密码。）和上文存在解释关系，符合语境。genome和DNA code相呼应。故选D。
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