2.必修第三册unit1 期末复习背诵及检测（含答案与解析）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
必修第三册unit1 期末复习背诵及检测
一、 词汇拓展
1.harm n.&vt.伤害,损害 → adj.有害的harmful →adj.无害的;无恶意的harmless
2.variety n.不同种类;变化,多样性→adj.各种各样的various→ v.变化;不同vary
3.survive vi./vt.幸存,幸免于难→n.幸存,存活survival→n.幸存者,存活者survivor
4.disappear vi.不复在,灭绝,消亡;消失;失踪 →n.消失;失踪disappearance→vi.出现,显现;似乎 appear→ n.出现;外观,外貌appearance
5.agriculture n.农业,农学 →adj.农业的agricultural
6.global adj.全球的;全面的 → adv.全球地globally → n.世界,全球;地球仪globe
7.application n.应用;申请 → vi.申请;适用;涂,敷apply→ n.申请人applicant
8.organization n.组织,团体 → v.组织,筹备;安排,处理organize → adj.有组织的,系统的organized →n.组织者,安排者organizer
9.defence ( defense) n.辩护;防御,保护 →vt.防御;辩解，辩白defend
10.economic adj.经济的,经济上的;可赚钱的 →n.经济economy →n.经济学economics→adj.经济的,节约的;节俭的economical
11.poison vt.污染;毒死,毒害n.毒物,毒药 → adj.有毒的poisonous
12.chemical n.化学制品adj;化学作用的→n.药剂师;化学家chemist→n.化学chemistry
13.consequence n.结果 →adj.随之而来的，结果的consequent →adv.因此,所以consequently
14.extinct n.灭绝 →adj./vt. 灭绝的;熄灭的extinction
15.region n.地区 →adj.地区的局部的regional
16.profit n利润，收益；好处vi.&vt. 获益，得到好处→adj.有利可图的，有益的profitable
17.strategy n. 策略，行动计划；策划,部署→adj.策略的strategic→adv.策略上地strategically
二、 短语积累
1. in turn相应地,转而 2. break down使分解(为)，使变化(成) ；谈判失败；身体垮掉；出故障
3. breathe life into给...带来起色,注入活力 4.due to由于,因为
5. build up 逐渐增加，扩大 6. occur to想出，想到
7. call for(公开)要求;需要 8. spring to mind突然记起(或想到)
9. get rid of摆脱,丢弃,扔掉 10. give rise to使发生(或存在)
11. bring...close to extinction 让......濒临灭绝 12. be home to 是...的家园/所在地
13. a wide range of wildlife 种类繁多的野生动物 14. judging from/by 根据...判断
15. be alive with 充满...（活的东西) 16. be harmful to 对...有害
17.take in理解;吸收;收留;欺骗;收入,进账 18. leave out省去，遗漏，不考虑
19leave ... many animals with nowhere to live 让许多动物无处栖身
20for one thing...for another thing...一方面...另一方面... 21.lift people out of poverty使人们摆脱贫困
22.leave out省去，遗漏，不考虑 23.interact with others_与他人互动
24. in danger of extinction 濒临灭绝 25. protest against 抗议
26. 报复take its revenge on
默写检测
一、词汇拓展
1._______ n.&vt.伤害,损害 → adj.有害的________ →adj.无害的;无恶意的________
2._______ n.不同种类;变化,多样性→adj.各种各样的________→ v.变化;不同_______
3._______vi./vt.幸存,幸免于难→n.幸存,存活__________→n.幸存者,存活者___________
4._______ vi.不复在,灭绝,消亡;消失;失踪 →n.消失;失踪________→vi.出现,显现;似乎 ____________→ n.出现;外观,外貌____________
5.___________ n.农业,农学 →adj.农业的______________
6._________ adj.全球的;全面的 → adv.全球地_________→ n.世界,全球;地球仪_____________
7._________ n.应用;申请 → vi.申请;适用;涂,敷_________→ n.申请人____________
8.__________ n.组织,团体 → v.组织,筹备;安排,处理____________ → adj.有组织的,系统的____________→n.组织者,安排者____________
9.__________ (_________) n.辩护;防御,保护 →vt.防御;辩解，辩白__________
10_______adj.经济的,经济上的;可赚钱的 →n.经济__________ →n.经济学__________→adj.经济的,节约的;节俭的______________
11__________ vt.污染;毒死,毒害n.毒物,毒药 → adj.有毒的____________
12._______n.化学制品adj;化学作用的→n.药剂师;化学家__________→n.化学________
13._________ n.结果 →adj.随之而来的，结果的_________ →adv.因此,所以__________
14._________ n.灭绝 →adj./vt. 灭绝的;熄灭的 __________
15._________ n.地区 →adj.地区的局部的__________
16._________ n利润，收益；好处vi.&vt. 获益，得到好处→adj.有利可图的，有益的___________
17.__________n. 策略，行动计划；策划,部署→adj.策略的________→adv.策略上地___________
二、 短语积累
1. _____________________相应地,转而
2. _____________________使分解(为)，使变化(成) ；谈判失败；身体垮掉；出故障
3. ____________________给...带来起色,注入活力 4. ____________________由于,因为
5. ____________________逐渐增加，扩大 6. ____________________想出，想到
7. ____________________(公开)要求;需要 8. ____________________突然记起(或想到)
9. ____________________摆脱,丢弃,扔掉 10. ___________________使发生(或存在)
11. ___________________让......濒临灭绝 12. _________________是...的家园/所在地
13. __________________种类繁多的野生动物 14. ___________________根据...判断
15. _________________ 充满...（活的东西) 16. ___________________对...有害
17.___________________理解;吸收;收留;欺骗;收入,进账 18.让许多动物无处栖身______________
20_________________________________一方面...另一方面... 21.____________________使人们摆脱贫困
22. ________________省去，遗漏，不考虑 23.____________________与他人互动
24. ___________________让......濒临灭绝 25. _________________ 抗议
26. ___________________ 报复
能力提升训练
一、选词填空（根据句意，选择最恰当的词组并用其正确形式填空）
give rise to; build up; come up with; call for;
in defence of; breathe life into; spring to mind; in turn
(1) I hope you can a solution to the question as soon as possible.
(2) Kindness and honesty are words that when talking of the man.
(3) They fought to the last breath freedom and the benefits of the people.
(4) The award was given to the creative young director who had the film industry.
(5) As we all know, lacking knowledge about the cultures of different countries may misunderstandings.
(6) Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project which a clear road map and timetable.
二、语法填空（阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确式。）
Do you ever stop and think about this big, beautiful world we live in It's home (1) so many people and animals. We all live in this amazing place, so we all have a (2) (responsible) to take care of it, too.
A long time ago, I started thinking about (3) I could do to help take care of the planet. I wondered how I could use my talents for good. I love creating websites, making art and designing clothes. That was what inspired me, at the age of 8, (4) (start) an online company. I donate(捐赠) part of my profits to organizations (5) (do) their best to save our environment. After I (6) (launch) my business, I started getting invited to give (7) (presentation) to young people about my company and the environment. I also talked about something else that is meaningful.
One thing I've learned is that a lot of people feel like (8) small contribution to any cause is just a drop in the bucket and won't make a difference. But that's not true! (9) (actual) when it comes to saving our environment, every small action counts. The (10) (tiny) action is better than the greatest intention.
三、阅读七选五（根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。）
We love our dogs and always try to take good care of them, but there are some simple things that can be harmful to our pets. (1)
Playing fetch with sticks
Most dogs love playing fetch with sticks. It may be fun to throw one for your dog when you don't have a ball or rubber toy handy, but they can be extremely dangerous. Sticks can easily break. (2) A stick can also go through a dog's throat and get stuck there, which can be life threatening.
Feeding cooked bones
Dogs love eating bones and human leftovers, but cooked bones should never be fed to dogs. They can break into small, sharp pieces. They have the potential to cause choking or cuts to the mouth, throat or gut.
If you choose to feed your dog bones, only feed raw bones and always under control. (3)
Not all dogs can swim
Dog owners often take it for granted that all dogs can swim, but in fact some dogs may not be able to swim at all. Pugs, French bulldogs, dachshunds and similar are often poor swimmers. (4) In order for these dogs to keep their noses and mouths above water they must stick their heads out from under water, which points their back end downwards, making them almost vertical in the water and likely to sink.
(5) To do this, get in the water with them and support them under the body until they get the hang of using all four legs to push themselves forward. Don't force your dog if they are not comfortable, and always start by paddling in a shallow area. Many dogs will learn to swim by following other dogs into the water.
A.So keep your dog from playing fetch with sticks.
B.That's because they have heavy bodies, short legs or short noses.
C.Swimming in a pool is just a piece of cake for these dogs.
D.Most dogs need to be taught how to swim.
E.They can even kill the pets while many pet owners aren't aware of them.
F.Chat to your vet about the right type of bones for your dog.
G.And the pieces can cut the mouth or throat.
答案和解析
一、选词填空（根据句意，选择最恰当的词组并用其正确形式填空）
1.come up with 2.spring to mind 3.in defence of
4.breathed life into 5.give rise to 6.calls for
【解析】1. 句意： 我希望你能尽快想出一个解决这个问题的办法。根据句意以及备选词可知，come up with想出，固定短语，符合语境。情态动词can后接动词原形。故填come up with。
2. 句意：谈到这个人时就会马上想到“正直”和“诚实”这两个词。根据句意以及备选词可知，固定短语spring to mind想到，浮现在脑海，符合题意。根据语境可知，定语从句为一般现在时，that指代先行词words，空处为动词原形。故填spring to mind。
3. 句意：他们为捍卫自由和人民的利益而战斗到最后一刻。根据句意以及备选词可知，固定短语in defence of保护，捍卫，符合语境。故填in defence of。
4. 句意： 该奖被授予给给电影工业注入活力的有创造力的年轻导演。根据句意以及备选词可知，固定短语 breathe life into注入活力，符合语境。主句为The award was given to the creative young director，所以定语从句也为一般过去时，应用过去式breathed。故填breathed life into。
5. 句意：都知道，缺乏对不同国家文化的了解可能会引起误解。根据句意以及备选词可知，固定短语give rise to导致，引起，符合语境。情态动词may后接动词原形。故填give rise to。
6. 句意：长江经济带建设是一项系统工程，需要有明确的路线图和时间表。根据句意以及备选词可知，固定短语call for要求，需要，符合语境。根据语境可知，定语从句为一般现在时，which指代先行词a systematic project，空处为动词第三人称单数形式。故填calls for。
二、语法填空（阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。）
1.to 2.responsibility 3.what 4.to start 5.doing
6.launched 7.presentations 8.a 9.Actually 10.tiniest
【解析】1. 分析句子可知，此处为固定搭配be home to sb/sth，意为“是……的家园”。故填to。
2. 分析句子可知，此处为固定搭配have a responsibility to do sth，意为“有责任做某事”。故填responsibility。
3. 分析句子可知，空处引导宾语从句，且在宾语从句中作宾语，表示“……的事物”，应用what引导。故填what。
4. 分析句子可知，此处为固定搭配inspire sb to do sth，意为“激励某人做某事”，后接动词不定式。故填to start。
5. 分析句子可知，空处为非谓语动词，此处指“我把一部分的盈利捐给那些尽全力保护环境的组织”，organizations与动词do之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，应用动词-ing形式作后置定语。故填doing。
6. 根据上下文语境可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时，应用动词launch的过去式launched。故填launched。
7. 分析句子可知，空处作宾语，且空前无限定词修饰，应用名词复数。故填presentations。
8. 分析句子可知，空后contribution意为“贡献”，是可数名词，此处表示泛指；且small的发音以辅音音素开头，空处应为不定冠词a。故填a。
9. 分析句子可知，空处作状语修饰整个句子，应用副词。句首单词的首字母需大写。故填Actually。
10. 分析句子可知，此处指“最微小的行动胜过最伟大的计划”，强调保护环境可以从最小的事情做起的重要性。结合空后的greatest可知，此处应为形容词的最高级tiniest。故填tiniest。
三、阅读七选五（根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。）
1~5 E、G、F、B、D
【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了在生活中常见的几种宠物主人有可能会意识不到的容易伤害宠物的行为。
1. 上文but there are some simple things that can be harmful to our pets（但是有一些简单的事情会对宠物有害）引出话题，总述有一些简单的事情会对宠物造成伤害。下文这三段则分别讲述了三件容易伤害宠物的事情，因此文章是总分结构，空格处位于第一段，是一个总体的描述，没有提到具体的事情。选项E“它们甚至可以杀死这些宠物而许多宠物主人并没有意识到这些事的危险性”符合题意，此处they承接上一句指代some simple things。故选E。
2. 根据上文Sticks can easily break（棍子很容易折断）和下文A stick can also go through a dog's throat and get stuck there（棍子也可能穿过狗的喉咙并且卡在那）中的also推知，空处句子也应是关于折断的棍子会对狗狗造成的伤害，G项“这些碎片会割破嘴或喉咙”符合题意，故选G。
3. 空处位于段末，应承接上文。根据上文If you choose to feed your dog bones, only feed raw bones and always under control（如果你选择喂你的狗骨头，只能喂生骨头并且要总是能确保不会失控）推知，下文应该提到关键词bones，选项F“和你的兽医谈谈适合你的狗吃的骨头类型”符合推测，且与上文承接自然，如果要给狗狗喂骨头，应该和兽医谈谈适合它的骨头类型。故选F。
4. 根据上文Pugs, French bulldogs, dachshunds and similar are often poor swimmers（哈巴狗、法国斗牛犬、腊肠犬和类似的品种通常是不擅长游泳的）推知，空处指出它们不适合游泳的原因。选项B“那是因为它们的身体很重，有短腿或短鼻子”符合题意。故选B。
5. 本空为这一段的开头位置，下文To do this, get in the water with them and support them under the body until they get the hang of using all four legs to push themselves forward（要做到这一点，你可以和它们一起下水，在下面支撑着它们的身体，直到它们能用这四条腿来推动自己前进）说明如何教会狗游泳，因此空处所填内容应与教狗游泳有关。选项D“大多数狗都需要学会如何游泳”符合题意，开启下文，下文this指代教狗狗游泳。故选D。