译林版（2020）必修第三册Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world Extended reading同步课时训练（含答案））

Unit 4 Scientists Who Changed the World Extended reading, Project, Assessment & Further study—2022-2023学年高一英语译林版（2020）必修第三册同步课时训练
一、填空题
1.His first __________(marry) broke up.
2.They fought a long battle against prejudice and __________(ignorant).
3.Picking up her Lifetime Achievement Award, proud Irene __________(declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business.
4.There was a serious incident __________(involve) a group of youths.
5.Children are allowed much more __________(free) these days.
二、选词填空
devote oneself to, let sb. down, turn over, as to, take... for granted, put forward, make up one's mind, work on
1.He has spent the last two years _________ a book about environmental protection.
2.He declares that he will _________ the shop _________ to his son when he retires.
3.The boy couldn't _________ whether to try out for the school play.
4.The theory he _________ about the black hole isn't understood by most people.
5.They serve well in this restaurant. _________ dishes, they taste terrible.
6.If you give up the competition, you will _________ your parents _________.
7.It is wrong for some people to _________ having an endless supply of clean water_________.
8.Because he _________ doing his research, he spared no time to spend a weekend with us.
三、阅读理解
Certain forms of AI are indeed becoming ubiquitous. For example, algorithms(算法) carry out huge volumes of trading on our financial markets, self-driving cars are appearing on city streets, and our smartphones are translating from one language into another. These systems are sometimes faster and more perceptive than we humans are. But so far that is only true for the specific tasks for which the systems have been designed. That is something that some AI developers are now eager to change.
Some of today's AI pioneers want to move on from today's world of "weak" or "narrow" AI, to create "strong" or "full" AI, or what is often called artificial general intelligence (AGI). In some respects, today's powerful computing machines already make our brains look weak. AGI could, its advocates say, work for us around the clock, and drawing on all available data, could suggest solutions to many problems. DM, a company focused on the development of AGI, has an ambition to "solve intelligence". "If we're successful," their mission statement reads, "we believe this will be one of the most important and widely beneficial scientific advances ever made."
Since the early days of AI, imagination has outpaced what is possible or even probable. In 1965, an imaginative mathematician called Irving Good predicted the eventual creation of an "ultra-intelligent machine...that can far surpass all the intellectual(智力的) activities of any man, however clever." Good went on to suggest that "the first ultra-intelligent machine" could be "the last invention that man need ever make."
Fears about the appearance of bad, powerful, man-made intelligent machines have been reinforced(强化) by many works of fiction—Mary Shelley's Frankenstein and the Terminator film series, for example. But if AI does eventually prove to be our downfall, it is unlikely to be at the hands of human-shaped forms like these, with recognisably human motivations such as aggression(敌对行为). Instead, I agree with Oxford University philosopher Nick Bostrom, who believes that the heaviest risks from AGI do not come from a decision to turn against mankind but rather from a dogged pursuit of set objectives at the expense of everything else.
The promise and danger of true AGI are great. But all of today's excited discussion about these possibilities presupposes the fact that we will be able to build these systems. And, having spoken to many of the world's foremost AI researchers, I believe there is good reason to doubt that we will see AGI any time soon, if ever.
1.What does the underlined word "ubiquitous" in Paragraph 1 probably mean
A.Enormous in quantity. B.Changeable daily.
C.Stable in quality. D.Present everywhere.
2.What could AGI do for us, according to its supporters
A.Help to tackle problems. B.Make brains more active.
C.Benefit ambitious people. D.Set up powerful databases.
3.As for Irving Good's opinion on ultra-intelligent machines, the author is _____.
A.supportive B.disapproving C.fearful D.uncertain
4.What can be inferred about AGI from the passage
A.It may be only a dream. B.It will come into being soon.
C.It will be controlled by humans. D.It may be more dangerous than ever.
四、写作
假设你是李华,你的外教Jack对中国的李时珍 和长城很感兴趣,请你给他写一封信,简要介绍相关内容,并邀请他来中国了解更多的中国文化。要点如下:
1. 明朝医学家李时珍生于1518年,花费27年的时间完成了《本草纲目》,对我国医学的发展产生了重要影响。
2. 长城全长21196.18千米,最初用来抵御敌人,如今已成为著名的旅游景点。
注意:
1. 词数100左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3. 开头和结尾已为你写好,不计入总词数。
参考词汇:《本草纲目》Bencao Gangmu;奇观a wonder;抵御敌人 defend against the enemy;旅游景点 a tourist attraction
Dear Jack,
I am very glad that you are interested in Li Shizhen and the Great Wall in China.__ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
答案以及解析
一、
1.答案：marriage
解析：句意为:他的第一次婚姻破裂了。此处应使用名词形式作主语。
2.答案：ignorance
解析：句意为:他们同偏见与无知进行了长期的斗争。句中and表示并列,连接的是名词prejudice和设空处,故此处应使用名词形式 ignorance。
3.答案：declared
解析：句意为:举着她的“终身成就奖”,自豪的艾琳声称她目前还没有计划离开她从事了36年的事业。分析句子结构可知,设空处应使用动词形式作谓语,且根据had可知,时态为一般过去时。
4.答案：involving
解析：句意为:有一起涉及一群小伙子的严重事故。分析句子结构可知,设空处应填非谓语动词形式; involve和其逻辑主语 a serious incident是主动关系,故使用现在分词 involving。
5.答案：freedom
解析：句意为:现在,孩子们被给予了更多的自由。句中的allow是双宾动词,用法为 allow sb sth,故此处应使用名词形式freedom。
二、
答案：1. working on
2. turn ; over
3. make up his mind
4. put forward
5. As to
6. let ; down
7. take ; for granted
8. devoted himself to
三、
答案：1-4 DABA
解析：1.词义猜测题。根据下文中讲到的"算法帮助人们在金融市场上进行了大量的交易, 自动驾驶汽车出现在城市街道上, 我们的智能手机正在把一种语言转化为另一种语言"可知, 人工智能正被广泛地应用到生活中很多领域, 所以画线词ubiquitous的意思应该与D项较为接近, 故D项正确。ubiquitous似乎无所不在的; 十分普遍的。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段中的"AGI could, its advocates say, work for us around the clock, and drawing on all available data, could suggest solutions to many problems."可知, 据其支持者称, AGI可以帮助我们解决问题, 故A项正确。
3.观点态度题。作者在第三段介绍了Irving Good的观点, 又在第四段表示"Instead, I agree with Oxford University philosopher Nick Bostrom...at the expense of everything else.", 由此可以推断, 作者对Irving Good在超智能机器上的观点持反对态度, 故B项正确。
4.推理判断题。根据最后一段讲到的"I believe there is good reason to doubt that we will see AGl any time soon, if ever"可以推断, 我们在不久的将来可能不会看到AGI, 故AGI可能只是一种梦想, 故A项正确。
四、
答案：
Dear Jack,
I am very glad that you are interested in Li Shizhen and the Great Wall in China.
Li Shizhen, born in 1518, was a famous medical scientist in the Ming Dynasty. It took him 27 years to complete his book Bencao Gangmu, which is considered to have an important influence on the development of Chinese medicine.
The Great Wall can be traced back to 2,000 years ago. Its total length is 21196.18 kilometers. It is one of the great wonders. In the past, the Great Wall was built to defend against the enemy and it made great contributions to the protection of the country. Now, the Great Wall has become a popular tourist attraction, attracting many tourists from all over the world every year.
The more you know about Chinese culture, the more you will be interested in China. Welcome you to our country!
Yours,
Li Hua
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