牛津译林版（2019）必修 第三册Unit 1 Nature in the balance Grammar and usage & Integrated skills同步课时作业（含答案）

Unit 1 Grammar and usage & Integrated skills
一、
1.史蒂夫住院期间通过电话了解他生意的经营情况。
Steve ________ ________ ________ his business by telephone while he was in hospital.
2.我报名参加了攀岩课程，并在周日上了第一节课。
I ________ ________ ________ the rock climbing course and took my first lesson on Sunday.
3.——我喜欢第一版。
——我们也是。
—I prefer the first version.
—________ ________ ________.
4.我们没东西吃的日子一去不复返了。
________ ________ the days when we had nothing to eat.
5.我想明天我能修好它，如果不行，你只好等到周五了。
I think I can fix it tomorrow. ________ ________, you'll have to wait till Friday.
6.Press the enter key and the __________(apply) form will be displayed on the screen.
7.Margie assured that everyone had a good time and that everything was __________(absolute) perfect.
8.While ________(play) with his children outdoors, the father felt very happy.
9.You shouldn't go to his party unless ________ (invite).
10.—Kathy is not easy to get along with. Do you think so
—Yes. But her friendship, once ___________ (gain), will last forever.
二、
The Pacific island nation of Nauru used to be a beautiful place. Now it is an ecological disaster area. Nauru's heartbreaking story may have one good result — other countries might learn from its mistakes.
For thousands of years, Polynesian people lived on the remote island of Nauru, far from western civilization. The first European to arrive was John Fearn in 1798. He was the British captain of the Snow Hunter y a whaling ship. He called the island Pleasant Island.
However, because it was very remote, Nauru had little communication with Europeans at first. The whaling ships and other traders began to visit, bringing guns and alcohol. These elements destroyed the social balance of the twelve family groups on the island. A ten-year civil war started, which reduced the population from 1,400 to 900.
Nauru's real troubles began in 1899 when a mining company discovered phosphate(磷酸盐) on the island. In fact, it found that the island of Nauru was nearly all phosphate, which is a very important fertilizer for farming. The company began mining for the phosphate.
A phosphate mine is not a hole in the ground; it is a strip mine. When a company strip-mines phosphate, it removes the top layer of soil. Then it takes away the material it wants. Strip mining totally destroyed the land. Gradually, the lovely island of Nauru started to look like the moon.
In 1968, Nauru became one of the richest countries in the world. Every year the government received millions and millions of dollars for its phosphate.
Unfortunately, the leaders invested the money unwisely and lost millions of dollars. In addition, they used millions more dollars for personal expenses. Soon people realized that they had a terrible problem — their phosphate was running out. Ninety percent of their island was destroyed and they had nothing. By 2000, Nauru was almost financially ruined. Experts say that it would take nearly $ 433, 600, 000 and more than 20 years to repair the island. This will probably never happen.
1. What might be the author's purpose of writing the text
A. To seek help for Nauru's problems.
B. To give a warning to other countries.
C. To show the importance of money.
D. To tell a heartbreaking story of a war.
2. What did the ecological disaster in Nauru result from
A. The soil pollution. B. The phosphate overmining.
C. The farming activity. D. The whale hunting.
3. Which of the following is a cause of Nauru's financial problem
A. Its leaders misused the money.
B. It spent too much repairing the island.
C. Its phosphate mining cost much money.
D. It lost millions of dollars in the civil war.
4. What can we learn about Nauru from the last paragraph
A. The ecological damage is difficult to repair.
B. The leaders will take the experts' words seriously.
C. The island was abandoned by the Nauruans.
D. The phosphate will be mined further.
三、
It is said ①_________ in the last 500 years, over 300 species of land animals have gone extinct. Maybe a question springs ②_________ your mind: what is responsible for it Recently environmental scientists have done a piece of research ③_________ (show) that in fact, human beings have ④_________ greatest impact on animal populations.
In order to get delicious food from animals, some people hunt and fish. Even some people hunt animals for fashion or for fun, ⑤_________ has had damaging effects on the world's animal numbers.
⑥_________ the human population increasing, we take up more land to build cities, which destroys animal habitats and leaves many animals with nowhere ⑦_________ (live) , or no food to eat. Due to pollution ⑧_________ (cause ) by human activities, some animals' population ⑨_________ (drop) greatly. As the human population continues to grow, ⑩_________ does the effect we have on animals.
答案以及解析
一、
1.答案：kept track of
2.答案：signed up for
3.答案：So do we
4.答案：Gone are
5.答案：If not
6.答案：application
解析：考查名词。固定搭配: application form申请表。故填application,句意:按回车键,申请表格将显示在屏幕上。
7.答案：absolutely
解析：考查副词。分析可知空格处作状语修饰形容词perfect,需用副词,故填absolutely,句意:Margie确信每个人都玩得很开心,每件事都极其完美。
8.答案：playing
解析：考查状语从句的省略。分析可知逗号前边是状语从句的省略形式,其完整形式为While he was playing with his children outdoors,省略了he was,故填playing。句意:和孩子们在户外玩的时候,这位父亲感到非常高兴。
9.答案：invited
解析：考查状语从句的省略。分析可知his party后边是状语从句的省略形式,其完整形式为unless you are invited,省略了you are,故填invited,句意:除非受到邀请,否则你不应该去参加他的聚会。
10.答案：gained
解析：考查省略。当once引导的状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致,且从句的谓语动词含有be动词的某种形式时,可将从句的主语和be动词省略。此处为省略结构,完整形式为once her friendship is gained。
二、
答案：1-4 BBAA
解析：1.根据第一段中的“other countries might learn from its mistakes”可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是给其他国家一个警示，希望它们能够从中吸取教训，故选B。
2.根据文章内容可知，瑙鲁的生态危机是由过度开采磷酸盐造成的。
3.根据最后一段中的"Unfortunately, the leaders invested the money unwisely and lost millions of dollars. In addition they used millions more dollars for personal expenses"可知，造成瑙鲁财政危机的原因包括其领导人投资不明智，并且把钱用在个人消费上，故A项正确。
4.根据最后一段最后两句可知，修复瑙鲁的生态环境需要大量的金钱投入以及二十多年的时间，由此可推知被破坏的生态环境很难修复。
三、
答案：that ; to ; showing ; the ; which ; With ; to live; caused ; has dropped ; so
解析：①考查连词。固定句型:It is said that…据说……。It是形式主语,that引导主语从句,故填that。句意:据说在过去的500年里,有300多种陆栖动物灭绝了。
②考查介词。固定短语:spring to one's mind某人突然想起。故填to。句意:也许你会想一个问题——是什么造成了这种情况
③考查现在分词。分析可知空格处一直到句末这部分作定语修饰名词 research,动词show 与名词research之间是逻辑上的主动关系,需用现在分词,故填 showing。句意:最近环境科学家做了一项研究,该研究表明,事实上,人类对动物种群的影响最大。
④考查冠词。形容词最高级前需用定冠词,故填the。句意同上。
⑤考查定语从句的引导词。分析可知空格处引导非限制性定语从句,指代前面整个主句的内容,故填which。句意:甚至有些人猎杀动物是为了时尚或娱乐,这对世界上的动物的数量产生了破坏性的影响。
⑥考查介词。分析可知,此处是with的复合结构,故填With。句意:随着人口的增长,我们占据了更多的土地来建设城市,这破坏了动物的栖息地,使许多动物没有生存的地方,或没有吃的食物。
⑦考查不定式。根据后面的or no food to eat可知空格处应用不定式,故填 to live。句意同上。
⑧考查非谓语动词。空格处为非谓语动词作定语,pollution与cause之间为逻辑上的被动关系,应用过去分词。故填caused。句意:因为一些人类活动造成的污染,一些动物的数量大幅下降。
⑨考查时态和主谓一致。分析可知,空格处是句子的谓语,此处强调过去的动作对现在的影响,应用现在完成时;主语some animals' population是单数,故填has dropped。句意同上。
⑩考查副词。空格后采用了倒装语序,由语境可知此处表达的是肯定意思,表示“……也……”,故填so。句意:随着人口的持续增长,我们对动物的影响也在不断扩大。
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