牛津译林版(2019)必修第三册Unit 1 Nature in the balance Extended reading同步课时作业（含答案）

Unit 1 Extended reading, Project, Assessment & Further study
一、
1.The energy secretary will present the _____(策略) tomorrow afternoon.
2.Inflation is below 5% and set to fall _____(进一步).
3.When people think of factories, they think of clouds of dirty smoke or pipes pouring _____(化学的) waste into rivers.
4.People also fear that _____(人类) is failing to manage science properly.
5.We should spare no effort to carry out this _____(政策) and benefit the public.
6.几十年前，塑料进入了人们的日常生活，给人 们带来了很多方便。
Decades of years ago, plastic _________ _________ people's daily life and brought a lot of _________ to people.
7.据估计，海洋塑料每年造成数百万动物死亡。
Marine plastic _________ _________ _________ _________ millions of animals every year.
8.应该用替代材料来代替塑料。
Alternative materials should _________ _________ _________ _________ plastic.
9.这家公司有很多人级别比我高。
Many people _____ _____ _____ me in this company.
10.她生命中最重要的是孩子们的健康和安全。
_____ _____ _____ in her life _____ her children's health and safety.
二、
"True friendship is like sound health. The value of it is seldom known until it is lost," Charles Caleb Colton said. Just like in any other relationship, arguments and fights are also part of friendship. You will hardly find friends who have never fought with one another. Whatever the reason is, if a person feels that he is responsible for causing the differences, it is important that he should apologize to his friend.
Though you can use the email, text messages or chat for expressing your apology, the good old way of saying sorry to your friend through a letter will surely have a great effect on him. This will make your friend realize that your efforts of saying sorry are genuine and that you really care about him.
Points to Remember:
Timing: Write the letter at the proper time. It is not advisable to put it off for too long.
Words: While you are writing the letter, what matters most is that you truly feel sorry.
Sequence: Always begin by apologizing and saying sorry for your mistake. Then explain to him your side of the story. In the third and last paragraph, talk about what his friendship means to you and make a promise of not repeating the mistake.
Delivery: You should either post the letter or deliver it personally or through someone else. You can also keep it at a location where your friend will be able to find it easily.
Some people may try to point out the friend's mistake while writing the letter. Avoid this completely, as it can make matters worse. The letter has to be brief and should only talk about the subject that has led to your apology. Keep patient and do not expect immediate results. In some cases, it may take time for the person to forgive and forget.
1.What is the author's purpose of mentioning the saying in the first paragraph
A.To let readers study the famous saying.
B.To introduce the topic of the passage.
C.To show who is Charles Caleb Colton.
D.To tell readers the importance of health.
2.Which of the following can best replace the underlined word "genuine"
A.sincere B.general C.open D.careful
3.What is the best way to apologize to others
A.Sending an email. B.Sending text messages.
C.Chatting online. D.Writing a letter.
4.What should you do when writing a letter of apology
A.Try to point out the friend's mistake.
B.Make the letter long and interesting.
C.Begin by apologizing and saying sorry for your mistake.
D.Write the importance of your friendship in the first paragraph.
三、
请以"Soil pollution"为题写一篇英文短文。内容包括:
1. 分析土壤污染的成因；
2. 如何减少和预防土壤污染。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：pesticide 杀虫剂； chemical fertilizer 化肥； residue残留物； substance物质
Soil pollution
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答案以及解析
一、
1.答案：strategy
2.答案：further
3.答案：chemical
4.答案：mankind
5.答案：policy
6.答案：came to; convenience
7.答案：is estimated to kill
8.答案：take the place of
9.答案：are senior to
10.答案：What matters most; is
二、
答案：1-4 BADC
解析：1.文章首段讲真正的友谊就像健康一样重要, 人们只有在失去时才知道它的价值, 下文则介绍了如何修复关系并维持好的友谊, 由此推断作者引用Charles Caleb Colton的话是为了引入文章的主题。
2.根据下文中的"you really care about him"可知, 此处表示这会让你的朋友意识到你的道歉是真诚的, 故可推断词与sincere为近义词, 表示"真诚的"。
3.根据第二段中的"the good old way of saying sorry to your friend through a letter will surely have a great effect on him"可知, 作者认为最好的道歉方式是写信。
4.根据文中的"Always begin by apologizing and saying sorry for your mistake"可知, 写道歉信时, 你应该为你的错误道歉。
三、
答案：
Soil pollution
Soil pollution is caused for various reasons. First, the overuse of pesticides and chemical fertilizers in farming causes harmful chemical residues to be left in the soil. Second, wastewater, gases and solids in industry are illegally poured into or piled on the soil without being scientifically treated. All of these are causing more and more serious pollution and damage to the soil.
To prevent the soil pollution from becoming more serious, we must take a lot of measures. First, we should ask people to pay attention to it and change their bad habits. Second, our government is supposed to make stricter laws to punish those businesses which illegally emit waste water or gases. Last, scientists should try to develop harmless pesticides and chemical fertilizers to reduce soil pollution.
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