译林版(2020)必修第三册Unit 4 Scientists who changed the worldExtended reading同步课时作业（12）（含答案））

Unit 4 Extended reading
一、填空
1.It is a ________(道德的) responsibility for young passengers to offer seats to the elderly on buses.
2.In traditional Chinese culture, ________(婚姻) decisions were made by parents for their children.
3.Love will always be a topic of universal interest regardless of race, religion or ________(国籍).
4.He was the first to challenge the ________(权威), which made him a hero.
5.你尽管放心，这台机器不会让你失望的。（let短语）
This machine won't ________ ________ ________.
6.达尔文最终提出了一套生物进化的理论模式。（put短语）
Darwin ________ ________ ________ a model of biological evolution.
7.He could not, after all, stop all the ________（罪恶） in the world.
8.There were two ________(炸弹）explosions in the city overnight.
9.There is so much ________(无知） about mental illness.
10.We were not ________（准许） any contact with each other.
11.The new technology was ________(应用) to farming.
12.All applicants will be considered regardless of age, sex, religion or ________(国籍).
13._________ his credit, Jack never told anyone exactly what had happened.
14.More help in the office would relieve me from some of this _________(responsible).
15.Sometimes, people don't like asking questions for fear of appearing stupid and _________(ignorance).
二、阅读理解
My husband came across the programme from his father's high school graduation 90 years ago. It was the Class of 1928 and their class motto was "Build for character, not for fame."
I'm pretty sure society has done quite the opposite. These days, we have people who are famous for simply being famous. They haven't done anything particularly impressive, but they do take great selfies. We are all crazy about fame these days, mainly due to social media. All we want is to make people follow us, friend us, like us or share our posts. We are nearly mad about fame.
"Build for character, not for fame." is based on the belief that one is looking up and ahead. That's an encouraging idea, especially today, when most of us have our heads down, looking at the screens of our smartphones. Looking ahead and building for character take thought and intentionality. One can be intentional in building for fame as well, but fame often relies heavily on the right timing and connections as well as the creation of the base of fans and supporters. Character isn't decided by the ideas of others. Character is built with self-discipline and the willingness to learn from difficulties. Character grows inside and needs no praise.
Fame depends on people looking at you, while character is who you are when no one is looking at you. Fame often comes with jealousy—a feeling that time is running out or that someone better than you is coming to steal your fans. Character is marked by feeling fulfilled and being generous. There is satisfaction that comes with the rewards of achievements, but at the same time, good character willingly holds the door open for others who are also hoping to achieve.
This graduation season, speakers will tell new graduates to get out there and build a better world. The best way is to build character, which runs deep and can carry you through life's storms. Build character with courage, justice and strength. Build character by respecting yourself and others. Build character with kindness, hope and love and you will build a better world.
1.What does the author think of people nowadays
A.They're mad about achievements. B.They want to be famous very much.
C.They're trying to build character. D.They like doing everything impressive.
2.What does "building for character" require people to do
A.Connect with others at the right time.
B.Mind their behaviour when being looked at.
C.Behave themselves and learn from hardships readily.
D.Look ahead and accept other people's advice willingly.
3.What does the underlined word "fulfilled" in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A.Content. B.Confident. C.Famous. D.Comfortable.
4.Why does the author value "building for character"
A.It inspires people to achieve more. B.It enables us to build a better world.
C.It allows graduates to get a good job. D.It helps us gain the respect of other people.
三、阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Are you shy If you are, you are not alone. In fact, close to 50 percent of people are shy. Almost 80 percent of people feel shy at some point in their lives. These days, shyness is becoming more and more common. Now scientists are trying to understand shyness. They have some interesting ideas about why people are shy.
Is it possible to be born shy Many scientists say yes. They say 15 to 20 percent of babies behave shyly. These babies are a little quieter and more watchful than other babies. Interestingly, these shy babies usually have shy parents. As a result, scientists think that some shyness is genetic.
Family size might cause people to be shy as well. Scientists at Harvard University studied shy children.
They found that 66 percent of them had older brothers and sisters. As a result, they became shy. At the same time, children with no brothers and sisters may be shy as well. Growing up alone, they often play by themselves. They are not able to learn the same social skills as children from big families.
You may also be shy because of where you were born. When scientists studied shyness in different countries, they found surprising differences. In Japan, most people said they were shy. But in Israel, only one of three people said so. What explains the difference One scientist says the Japanese and Israelis have different opinions of failure. In Japan, when people do not succeed, they feel bad about themselves. They blame (责备) themselves for their failure. In Israel, the opposite is true. Israelis often blame failure on outside reasons, such as family, teachers, friends, or bad luck. In Israel, freedom of opinions and risk-taking are strongly supported. This may be why Israelis worry less about failure and are less shy.
For shy people, it can be difficult to make friends, speak in class, and even get a good job. But scientists say you can get over your shyness. They suggest trying new things and practicing conversation. And don't forget—if you are shy, you are not the only one.
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答案以及解析
一、
1.答案：moral
2.答案：marriage
3.答案：nationality
4.答案：authority
5.答案：let you down
6.答案：eventually put forward
7.答案：evil
8.答案：bomb
9.答案：ignorance
10.答案：permitted
11.答案：applied
12.答案：nationality
13.答案：To
解析：考查固定用法。句意: Jack对所发生的事守口如瓶，值得赞扬。to one's credit“使值得赞扬，使受尊重”为固定用法, 故填To。
14.答案：responsibility
解析：考查词形转换。根据空前的this可知,这里应用所给词的名词形式，故填responsibility。
15.答案：ignorant
解析：考查词形转换。分析句子结构可知，空处和空前的stupid并列，故应用所给词的形容词形式，因此填ignorant。
二、
答案：1-4.BCAB
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段第四句 We are all crazy about fame these days, mainly due to social media.可知,作者认为如今的人都非常想出名。故选B项。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段中的 Character is built with self-discipline and the willingness to learn from difficulties. Character grows inside and needs no praise.可知, 作者认为塑造品格是通过自律和从困难中学习的意愿建立起来的性格是内在成长不需要赞扬。故选C项。
3.词义猜测题。根据画线词后的 There is satisfaction that comes with the rewards of achievements可知,满足感会伴随着成就而来由此可知，此处表示良好品格的特征之一就是满足感，所以画线词应意为“满足的”。故选A项。
4.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的内容可知，作者认为用善良希望和爱来塑造品格，你就会建立一个更美好的世界。故选B项。
三、
答案：
Shyness is common and some reasons may account for it according to scientists. (要点1) They think shyness may come from genes, family size and the birth place. (要点2) For instance, younger children and the only child is more likely to be shy; Israelis are less shy than the Japanese because of their different attitudes towards failure. (要点3) To help people suffering from shyness, scientists also give some useful suggestions. (要点4)
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