牛津译林版（2019）必修第三Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world Welcome to the unit& Reading册随堂检测（含答案）

Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world Welcome to the unit& Reading
一、汉译英
1.Food will last longer if kept in an airtight ________(容器).
2.One movie is classified as ________(纯粹的) art, the other as entertainment.
3.He'll give a ________(讲座) in Fudan University this evening on translation.
4.Today, fashion designers are ________(家庭的) names.
5.I've never cooked this before so it's an ________(试验).
二、填空题
6.His only chance of __________(survive)was a heart transplant.
7.The author's __________(intend) is to keep everyone guessing until the bitter end.
8.I was the first Western TV reporter __________(permit) to film a special unit of caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
9.Ordinary soap, __________(use) correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.
10.Tickets are ____________(limit) and will be allocated to those who apply first.
三、阅读理解
Wang Daheng, Father of Chinese Optical Engineering
In 1949, the field of applied optical(光学) science didn't exist in China. Understanding its importance for national strength, the Chinese government paid much attention to optical research.
Wang Daheng, a respected optical physicist, devoted his whole life to this cause. He kept watching on the development of China's first optical glass, first electronic microscope, first laser device, and first large-size optical measuring equipment, and helped to found the Chinese Academy of Engineering. He was called the Father of Chinese Optical Engineering.
As a teenager, Wang Daheng often followed his father to the observatory and became greatly interested in the apparatus(仪器) there. In 1936, he graduated from Tsinghua University with a degree in physics. Two years later, he won a government scholarship to study in England, After earning his master's degree from Imperial College London in 1940, he began his doctoral studies in optical physics and technology.
In 1948, Wang gave up his established career and comfortable life in the West and returned to his motherland with the aim of empowering it(增强它的 自主权) through science and technology. At the time China did not have the capability to produce optical measuring equipment on its own. In 1951, Wang was instructed to found an institute of fine mechanics and was appointed its first president. Within less than two years, Wang and his team produced the first group of China-made optical glass. Over the following six years, they went on to develop the country's first electronic microscope, first high-precision theodolite (经纬仪), first optical range finder, and five other optical devices, laying the foundation for China's precision optical instrument industry. In 1961, they independently developed the ruby laser in China. In addition to scientific research, Wang advanced the study of optics in higher education.
Starting in the 1960s, Wang participated in optical research related to the development of nuclear bombs, missiles, and man-made satellites. In 1970, China successfully launched the Dongfanghong I satellite, of which Wang was one of the designers. When the satellite returned to Earth, the devices they designed brought back clear images of our home planet seen from the outer space for the first time.
To close the technological gap between China and developed countries, Wang and three other scientists made the suggestion of drawing up a state hi-tech development plan in 1986, which led to the famous 863 Program.
In 1992, Wang and a group of other scientists called for the creation of the Chinese Academy of Engineering. In the following years, he won many honors from the state. He passed away in Beijing aged 96 on July 21, 2011 after living a full and fruitful life.
1.Why did Wang Daheng return to China from the West
A.To earn his master's degree. B.To get together with his family.
C.To do contribution to his country. D.To win honors in the motherland.
2.Why is Wang Daheng called the Father of Chinese Optical Engineering
A.Because he drew up the hi-tech development plan.
B.Because he participated in the optical research.
C.Because he was a famous and respected physicist.
D.Because he achieved many firsts in optical engineering.
3.Which word can best describe Wang Daheng
A.Friendly. B.Positive. C.Devoted. D.Humorous.
4.The passage is organized in the order of _______.
A.time B.space C.importance D.effectiveness
四、七选五
Light in a bottle
This is such a simple idea! It's a special lamp that needs and costs nothing to run. It wasn't invented by a famous scientist, but by a man called Alfredo Moser in Brazil sixteen years ago. In his hometown at the time, they had problems with electricity. ①________ One day, Moser and his friends were talking about how they could create a signal in an emergency. One of them suggested using a bottle to reflect the light from the sun. This made Moser think. ②________
All you need is a clean plastic bottle. Fill it with water and close it with a black top. The black top attracts the sun. A drop of bleach (漂白剂), the kind you use to clean the house, is added to the water to keep it clean. Then a small hole is cut in the roof of the room where you want the light, and the bottle is pushed through the hole. ③________ It's much stronger than the light from a candle!
Moser shared his idea with his neighbours and his light bottles were fixed in the local supermarket. Ten years later, the MyShelter Foundation in the Philippines heard about Moser's idea. ④________ Now there are Moser lamps in more than 140,000 homes throughout the Philippines and the idea has spread to a number of other countries, too. ⑤________ Moser lamps have surely made life easier for a lot of people!
A. Why not use water to make light
B. In India, the bottles are used in countryside schools.
C. Moser is very good at making things around the home.
D. People's homes and small businesses were often left in the dark.
E. Following Moser's method, the organization started making this kind of lamp in 2011.
F. While there's sunlight outside, the light will be carried through the water into the room below.
G. The MyShelter Foundation also offers training to people who want to earn money by fixing the lamps in their communities.
答案以及解析
一、
1.答案：container
解析：句意:食物如果放在密封的容器里会保存得更久。container是可数名词"容器", 被an限定, 应该填单数形式, 所以填:container。
2.答案：pure
3.答案：lecture
4.答案：household
5.答案：experiment
二、
6.答案：survival
解析：句意为:只有进行心脏移植,他才有机会活下去。此处应用名词作介词of的宾语。
7.答案：intention
解析：句意为:这位作者的意图是在最终悲痛的结尾前让所有人都猜不透。此处应使用名词作主语。
8.答案：permitted
解析：设空处作名词reporter的后置定语,与 reporter 之间存在逻辑上的被动关系,因此使用permit 的过去分词形式permitted。
9.答案：used
解析：句意为:普通的肥皂,如果正确使用,能有效处理细菌。分析句子结构可知,本句的谓语动词是can deal with,故设空处应使用非谓语动词形式。动词 use 与其逻辑主语 Ordinary soap 之间是被动关系,所以应使用其过去分词形式used。
10.答案：limited
解析：考查词形转换。根据句意可知,空处意为“有限的”,故填limited。
三、
答案：1-4.CDCA
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第四段第一句In 1948, Wang gave up his established career and comfortable life in the West and returned to his motherland with the aim of empowering it(增强它的自主权) through science and technology.可知,王大珩之所以从西方回到中国是为了给国家做贡献,故选C项。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段中He kept watching on the development of China's first optical glass, first electronic microscope, first laser device, and first large-size optical measuring equipment, and helped to found the Chinese Academy of Engineering. He was called the Father of Chinese Optical Engineering.可知,王大珩之所以被称为“中国光学工程之父”是因为他在光学工程方面取得了许多第一,故选D项。
3.推理判断题。根据全文特别是第二段第一句Wang Daheng, a respected optical physicist, devoted his whole life to this cause.可知,描述王大珩的最佳词语是"Devoted",故选C项。
4.推理判断题。根据第三段中In 1936, Two years later After earning... in 1940,第四段中In 1948、In 1951、Over the following six years、In 1961,以及后面三段中的Starting in the 1960s、In 1970、in 1986、In 1992、on July 21,2011可以看出,这篇文章是按时间顺序组织的,故选A项。
四、
答案：DAFEB
解析：①根据上文In his hometown at the time, they had problems with electricity.(当时在他的家乡,电能出现了问题。)可以判断,空处介绍该问题导致的结果:人们的家和小企业经常处在黑暗中。故选D项。
②上文提到This made Moser think. (这让莫泽思考。),空处承上启下,说明思考的内容:为什么不用水来发光呢 故选A项。
③根据上文Then a small hole is cut in the roof of the room where you want the light, and the bottle is pushed through the hole.(然后在你想要光线的房间的屋顶上开一个小洞,把瓶子推进洞里去。)可以判断,空处解释这样做的原因:当外面有阳光的时候,光线会通过水进入下面的房间。故选F项。
④根据下文 Now there are Moser lamps in more than 140,000 homes throughout the Philippines and the idea has spread to a number of other countries, too.(现在,在菲律宾超过140,000个家庭安装了莫泽灯,这个主意也传播到了其他一些国家。)可以判断,空处介绍形成这种结果的原因,故选E项。
⑤根据上文 Now there are Moser lamps in more than 140,000 homes throughout the Philippines and the idea has spread to a number of other countries, too.(现在,在菲律宾超过140,000个家庭安装了莫泽灯,这个主意也传播到了其他一些国家。)可知,空处介绍其他国家使用这种灯的情况,B项介绍了印度使用这种灯的情况,故选B项。
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