2019年高考英语真题分类汇编专题11：夹叙夹议类阅读理解

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2019年高考英语真题分类汇编专题11：夹叙夹议类阅读理解
一、阅读理解
1．（2019·浙江）阅读理解
California has lost half its big trees since
the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems
to be a major factor（因素）.
The number of trees larger than two feet across
has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square miles of California forests,
the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast
to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra
high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts
of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.
Many factors contributed to the decline, said
Patrick Mclntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters
targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire
control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big
trees for resources（资源）.
But in comparing a study of California forests
done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, Mclntyre and
his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even
in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.
The loss of big trees was greatest in areas
where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The researchers figured out
water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting
in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall,
air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt（融雪）.
Since the 1930s, Mclntyre said, the biggest
factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which
cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the
water supply available to trees during the dry season.
（1）What is the second paragraph mainly about
A．The seriousness of big-tree loss in California.
B．The increasing variety of California big trees.
C．The distribution of big trees in California forests.
D．The influence of farming on big trees in California.
（2）Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees
A．Ecological studies of forests. B．Banning woodcutting.
C．Limiting housing development. D．Fire control measures.
（3）What is a major cause of the water shortage according to Mclntyre
A．Inadequate snowmelt. B．A longer dry season.
C．A warmer climate. D．Dampness of the air.
（4）What can be a suitable title for the text
A．California's Forests: Where Have All the Big Trees Gone
B．Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California Soon.
C．Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests
D．Patrick Mclntyre: Grow More Big Trees in California
2．（2019·天津）阅读理解
I must have always known reading was very
important because the first memories I have as a child deal with books. There
was not one night that I don't remember mom reading me a storybook by my
bedside. I was extremely inspired by the elegant way the words sounded.
I always wanted to know what my mom was
reading. Hearing mom say," I can't believe what's printed in the newspaper
this morning," made me want to grab it out of her hands and read it
myself. I wanted to be like my mom and know all of the things she knew. So I
carried around a book, and each night, just to be like her, I would pretend to
be reading.
This is how everyone learned to read. We
would start off with sentences, then paragraphs, and then stories. It seemed an
unending journey, but even as a six-year-old girl I realized that knowing how
to read could open many doors. When mom said," The C-A-N-D-Y is hidden on
the top shelf," I knew where the candy was. My progress in reading raised
my curiosity, and I wanted to know everything. I often found myself telling my
mom to drive more slowly, so that I could read all of the road signs we passed.
Most of my reading through primary, middle
and high school was factual reading. I read for knowledge, and to make A's on
my tests. Occasionally, I would read a novel that was assigned, but I didn't
enjoy this type of reading. I liked facts, things that are concrete. I thought
anything abstract left too much room for argument.
Yet, now that I'm growing and the world I
once knew as being so simple is becoming more complex, I find myself needing a
way to escape. By opening a novel, I can leave behind my burdens and enter into
a wonderful and mysterious world where I am now a new character. In these
worlds I can become anyone. I don't have to write down what happened or what
technique the author was using when he or she wrote this. I just read to relax.
We're taught to read because it's necessary
for much of human understanding. Reading is a vital part of my life. Reading
satisfies my desire to keep learning. And I've found that the possibilities
that lie within books are limitless.
（1）Why did the author want to grab the newspaper out of mom's hands？
A．She wanted mom to read the news to her.
B．She was anxious to know what had happened.
C．She couldn't wait to tear the newspaper apart.
D．She couldn't help but stop mom from reading.
（2）According to Paragraph 3, the author's reading of road signs indicates___________.
A．her unique way to locate herself
B．her eagerness to develop her reading ability
C．her effort to remind mom to obey traffic rules
D．her growing desire to know the world around her.
（3）What was the author's view on factual reading
A．It would help her update test-taking skills.
B．It would allow much room for free thinking.
C．It would provide true and objective information.
D．It would help shape a realistic and serious attitude to life.
（4）The author takes novel reading as a way to___________.
A．explore a fantasy land B．develop a passion for leaning
C．learn about the adult community D．get away from a confusing world
（5）What could be the best title for the passage？
A．The Magic of Reading B．The Pleasure of Reading
C．Growing Up with Reading D．Reading Makes a Full Man
3．（2019·新课标Ⅱ卷）阅读理解
Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach's Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her e-book as she waits for her salad. What is she reading None of your business! Lunch is Bechtel's "me" time. And like more Americans, she's not alone.
A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half（53 percent）have breakfast alone and nearly half（46 percent）have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore, 74 percent, according to statistics from the report.
"I prefer to go out and be out. Alone, but together, you know？"Bechtel said, looking up from her book. Bechtel, who works in downtown West Palm Beach, has lunch with coworkers sometimes, but like many of us, too often works through lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized. "Today, I just wanted some time to myself, "she said.
Just two seats over, Andrew Mazoleny, a local videographer, is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he's on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction（交流）. "I reflect on how my day's gone and think about the rest of the week," he said. "It's a chance for self-reflection, You return to work recharged and with a plan."
That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one, but those days are over. Now, we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. "It doesn't feel as alone as it may have before al the advances in technology," said Laurie Demerit, whose company provided the statistics for the report.
（1）What are the statistics in paragraph 2 about
A．Food variety. B．Eating habits.
C．Table manners. D．Restaurant service.
（2）Why does Bechtel prefer to go out for lunch
A．To meet with her coworkers. B．To catch up with her work.
C．To have some time on her own. D．To collect data for her report.
（3）What do we know about Mazoleny
A．He makes videos for the bar.
B．He's fond of the food at the bar.
C．He interviews customers at the bar.
D．He's familiar with the barkeeper.
（4）What is the text mainly about
A．The trend of having meals alone.
B．The importance of self-reflection.
C．The stress from working overtime.
D．The advantage of wireless technology.
4．（2019·新课标Ⅱ卷）阅读理解
My Favourite Books
Jo Usmar is a writer for Cosmopolitan and co-author of the This Book Will series（系列）of lifestyle books. Here she picks her top reads.
Matilda
Roald Dahl
I once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahl's writing and it gave me a new appreciation for his strange and delightful words. Matilda's battles with her cruel parents and the bossy headmisres, Miss Trunchbull, are equally funny and frightening, but they're also aspirational.
After Dark
Haruki Murakami
It's about two sisters-Eri, a model who either won't or can't stop sleeping, and Mari, a young student. In trying to connect to her sister. Mari starts changing her life and discovers a world of diverse "night people" who are hiding secrets.
Gone Girl
Gillian Fynn
There was a bit of me that didn't want to love this when everyone else on the planet did but the horror story is brilliant. There's tension and anxiety from the beginning as Nick and Amy battle for your trust. It's a real whodunit and the frustration when you realise what's going on is horribly enjoyable
The Stand
Stephen King
This is an excellent fantasy novel from one of the best storytellers around. After a serious flu outbreak wipes out 99.4% of the world's population, a battle unfolds between good and evil among those let. Randall Flagg is one of the scariest characters ever.
（1）Who does "I" refer to in the text
A．Stephen King. B．Gillian Flynn.
C．Jo Usmar. D．Roald Dahl
（2）Which of the following tells about Mari and Eri
A． Cosmopolitan. B．Matilda. C．After Dark. D．The Stand.
（3）What kind of book is GoneGirl
A．A folk tale. B．A biography.
C．A love story. D．A horror story.
5．（2019·新课标Ⅱ卷）阅读理解
“You can use me as a last resort（选择）, and if nobody else volunteers, then I will do it.” This was an actual reply from a parent after I put out a request for volunteers for my kids lacrosse（长曲棍球）club.
I guess that there's probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren't even on … At this point the unwilling parent speaks up,“Alright. Yes, I'll do it.”
I'm secretly relieved because I know there's real power in sharing volunteer responsibilities among many. The unwilling parent organizes the meal schedule, sends out emails, and collects money for end-of-season gifts. Somewhere along the way, the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team. The coach is able to focus on the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season. Handing out sliced oranges to bloodthirsty kids can be as exciting as watching your own kid score a goal.
Still, most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close. That relief is coupled with a deep understanding of why the same people keep coming back for more: Connecting to the community（社区）as you freely give your time, money, skills, or services provides a real joy. Volunteering just feels so good.
In that sense, I'm pretty sure volunteering is more of a selfish act than I'd freely like to admit. However, if others benefit in the process, and I get some reward too, does it really matter where my motivation lies
（1）What can we infer about the parent from her reply in paragraph 1
A．She knows little about the club.
B．She isn't good at sports.
C．She just doesn't want to volunteer.
D．She's unable to meet her schedule.
（2）What does the underlined phrase“tug at the heartstrings”in paragraph 2 mean
A．Encourage team work . B．Appeal to feeling.
C．Promote good deeds. D．Provide advice.
（3）What can we learn about the parent from paragraph 3
A．She gets interested in lacrosse. B．She is proud of her kids.
C．She'll work for another season. D．She becomes a good helper.
（4）Why does the author like doing volunteer work
A．It gives her a sense of duty. B．It makes her very happy.
C．It enables her to work hard. D．It brings her material rewards.
答案解析部分
1．【答案】（1）A
（2）D
（3）C
（4）A
【知识点】环境保护类；夹叙夹议
【解析】【分析】本文属于议论文，围绕加利福尼亚的大树从20世纪30年代以来大量减少为主题，探讨出现这一现象的原因。
（1）段落大意题。第二段第一句 The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square miles of California forests 为主题句，意思是：在4.6万平方英里的加利福尼亚的森林中，直径超过2英尺的树木的数量已经减少了50%。所以本段主要介绍加州的树木损失的严重情况，故答案为A。
（2）细节理解题。题干中的 well-intentioned 意为“好意的”。根据第三段描述：伐木者对大树的砍伐、住房向森林里推进、对野火的控制使得小树与大树竞争资源都是导致大树减少的原因。控制野火的初衷是保护森林，但是却导致大树得不到足够的资源而死亡。故答案为D。
（3）细节理解题 。将 water shortage 定位在第五段，而 Mclntyre 在最后一段，根据 the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air 可知，导致水源紧张的是上升的温度，造成树木将更多的水分散失到空气中。故答案为C。
（4）主旨大意题。文章的第一句是本文的主题句，文章围绕加利福尼亚大量的大树死亡展开，对大树数量减少的原因进行研究。故答案为A。
【点评】本文属于生态环保类文章，文章的首段第一句即为本文的主题句。阅读是紧扣主旨，快速浏览文章内容。答题时注意根据问题中的关键词在文章中定位，然后分析关键词所在句子的信息。
2．【答案】（1）B
（2）D
（3）C
（4）D
（5）C
【知识点】人生百味类；夹叙夹议
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了自己的读书经历和感悟。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“I always wanted to know what my mom was reading”和“Hearing mom say … made me want to grab it out of her hands and read it myself”可知，作者一直想知道妈妈在读什么。作者抢过妈妈读的报纸，因为作者自己迫切想看一看报纸上写的内容，故选B。
（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“My progress in reading raised my curiosity, and I wanted to know everything，”可以推断出，让妈妈开车开慢一点，他能够读出所有路标，正是作者在阅读方面的进步引起了他的好奇心，想要了解周围的一切，故选D。
（3）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“Most of my reading through primary, middle and high school was factual reading. I read for knowledge, and to make A's on my test.”可知，小学和中学阶段的阅读都是事实性阅读，读书是为了获取知识，考试得A。因此事实性阅读能够提供真实的客观的信息，故选 C。
（4）考查细节理解。根据第五段中的“By opening a novel, I can leave behind my burdens and enter into a wonderful and mysterious world where I am now a new character. In these worlds I can become anyone.” 打开一本小说，我可以摆脱我的负担，进入一个奇妙而神秘的世界，我现在是一个新的角色。在这个世界上，我可以成为任何人。 可知，阅读小说可以让作者避开复杂的现实而投入到小说中的世界中去，故选D。
（5）考查主旨大意。根据上下文可知，作者以时间顺序回忆了自己的阅读经历和感悟，伴着阅读成长，故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
3．【答案】（1）B
（2）C
（3）D
（4）A
【知识点】社会现象类；夹叙夹议
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章，通过对几个人独自吃午餐的描写，说明午餐让人有了独处的时间，让人得以放松，并且现在有了手机的陪伴，独自吃饭受到越来越多的人的青睐。
（1）推理判断题。A、食物的多样性；B、吃饭的习惯；C、餐桌礼仪；C、餐馆的服务。第二段中提到，46%的人独自吃饭，53%的人独自吃早饭，46%的人独自吃午饭，只有在晚饭的时间人们才一起吃饭。这些说明了人们吃饭的习惯。故答案为B。
（2）细节理解题。将题干中的Bechtel定位在第三段，根据本段的最后一句Today，I just wanted some time to myself可知，他只是想有属于自己的时间。故答案为C。
（3）细节理解题。根据题干中的Mazoleny可知本题对第四段设题。由chat up the barkeeper with whom he's on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction可知她与酒吧老板很熟，on a first-name basis意思是“直呼其名的关系”。故答案为D。
（4）主旨大意题。本文通过通过对几个人独自吃午餐的描写，说明午餐让人有了独处的时间，让人得以放松，并且现在有了手机的陪伴，独自吃饭受到越来越多的人的青睐。所以“独自吃饭的趋势”是本文的中心，故答案为A。
【点评】本文属于社会现象的文章。要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
4．【答案】（1）C
（2）C
（3）D
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；夹叙夹议
【解析】【分析】本文主要介绍Jo Usmar挑选出来的常读的书籍。
（1）推理判断题。根据第一段中的Jo Usmar is a writer ……Here she picks her top reads可知，下文中提到的I指Jo Usmar。故答案为C。
（2）细节理解题。根据After Dark Haruki Murakami It's about two sisters-Eri, a model who either won't or can't stop sleeping, and Mari, a young student.。可知讲述和Eric和Maria的是After Dark。故答案为C。
（3）细节理解题。题干中的Gone Girl是第四个小标题，根据第一句中的but the horror story is brilliant可知这一个恐怖故事。故答案为D。
【点评】考查准确识别掌握细节信息的能力。答题的关键在于通过题干中的关键词在文中定位，然后通过对句子及段落的理解，确定准确的信息。
5．【答案】（1）C
（2）B
（3）D
（4）B
【知识点】人物故事类；夹叙夹议
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章，讲述作者邀请并说服一位不愿意当志愿者的家长帮忙，在孩子们的长曲棍球俱乐部为孩子们提供志愿服务，从而从志愿活动中得到快乐。
（1）推理判断题。句意“你可以把我当作最后的手段，如果没有其他人自愿的话，我会去做的。”在第二段中的demanding work schedule和an unknown sport均是作者猜测的，所以ABD不对。根据第二段最后的the unwilling parent 可以看出这位家长也许不想当自愿者。故答案为C。
（2）词义猜测题。A、鼓励团队协作；B、诉诸情感；C、促进良好行为；D、提供建议。前一句提到She may just need a little persuading（她也许只是需要一点儿劝说），所以“我又尝试了并……”，后一句作者“提到一个带着4个孩子的单亲妈妈”，“谈到自己的孩子不在球队里的父亲当教练”等都是从情感上打动这位家长，故答案为B。
（3）细节理解题。根据第三段中的描述organizes the meal schedule, sends out emails, and collects money for end-of-season gifts. Somewhere along the way，“那位不情愿的家长安排用餐时间，发邮件，并为季末礼物筹款，并最终成为了团队中一个成员”，可知这位家长成为一个得力的助手，让其他的家长有时间去准备下一个赛季的事情。故答案为D。
（4）细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后的provides a real joy. Volunteering just feels so good可知因为志愿工作带来快乐，故答案为B。
【点评】考查对文章的理解和词义的猜测。在通读短文的基础上紧扣问题，利用关键词在文中定位，认真分析。
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2019年高考英语真题分类汇编专题11：夹叙夹议类阅读理解
一、阅读理解
1．（2019·浙江）阅读理解
California has lost half its big trees since
the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems
to be a major factor（因素）.
The number of trees larger than two feet across
has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square miles of California forests,
the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast
to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra
high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts
of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.
Many factors contributed to the decline, said
Patrick Mclntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters
targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire
control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big
trees for resources（资源）.
But in comparing a study of California forests
done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, Mclntyre and
his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even
in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.
The loss of big trees was greatest in areas
where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The researchers figured out
water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting
in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall,
air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt（融雪）.
Since the 1930s, Mclntyre said, the biggest
factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which
cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the
water supply available to trees during the dry season.
（1）What is the second paragraph mainly about
A．The seriousness of big-tree loss in California.
B．The increasing variety of California big trees.
C．The distribution of big trees in California forests.
D．The influence of farming on big trees in California.
（2）Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees
A．Ecological studies of forests. B．Banning woodcutting.
C．Limiting housing development. D．Fire control measures.
（3）What is a major cause of the water shortage according to Mclntyre
A．Inadequate snowmelt. B．A longer dry season.
C．A warmer climate. D．Dampness of the air.
（4）What can be a suitable title for the text
A．California's Forests: Where Have All the Big Trees Gone
B．Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California Soon.
C．Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests
D．Patrick Mclntyre: Grow More Big Trees in California
【答案】（1）A
（2）D
（3）C
（4）A
【知识点】环境保护类；夹叙夹议
【解析】【分析】本文属于议论文，围绕加利福尼亚的大树从20世纪30年代以来大量减少为主题，探讨出现这一现象的原因。
（1）段落大意题。第二段第一句 The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square miles of California forests 为主题句，意思是：在4.6万平方英里的加利福尼亚的森林中，直径超过2英尺的树木的数量已经减少了50%。所以本段主要介绍加州的树木损失的严重情况，故答案为A。
（2）细节理解题。题干中的 well-intentioned 意为“好意的”。根据第三段描述：伐木者对大树的砍伐、住房向森林里推进、对野火的控制使得小树与大树竞争资源都是导致大树减少的原因。控制野火的初衷是保护森林，但是却导致大树得不到足够的资源而死亡。故答案为D。
（3）细节理解题 。将 water shortage 定位在第五段，而 Mclntyre 在最后一段，根据 the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air 可知，导致水源紧张的是上升的温度，造成树木将更多的水分散失到空气中。故答案为C。
（4）主旨大意题。文章的第一句是本文的主题句，文章围绕加利福尼亚大量的大树死亡展开，对大树数量减少的原因进行研究。故答案为A。
【点评】本文属于生态环保类文章，文章的首段第一句即为本文的主题句。阅读是紧扣主旨，快速浏览文章内容。答题时注意根据问题中的关键词在文章中定位，然后分析关键词所在句子的信息。
2．（2019·天津）阅读理解
I must have always known reading was very
important because the first memories I have as a child deal with books. There
was not one night that I don't remember mom reading me a storybook by my
bedside. I was extremely inspired by the elegant way the words sounded.
I always wanted to know what my mom was
reading. Hearing mom say," I can't believe what's printed in the newspaper
this morning," made me want to grab it out of her hands and read it
myself. I wanted to be like my mom and know all of the things she knew. So I
carried around a book, and each night, just to be like her, I would pretend to
be reading.
This is how everyone learned to read. We
would start off with sentences, then paragraphs, and then stories. It seemed an
unending journey, but even as a six-year-old girl I realized that knowing how
to read could open many doors. When mom said," The C-A-N-D-Y is hidden on
the top shelf," I knew where the candy was. My progress in reading raised
my curiosity, and I wanted to know everything. I often found myself telling my
mom to drive more slowly, so that I could read all of the road signs we passed.
Most of my reading through primary, middle
and high school was factual reading. I read for knowledge, and to make A's on
my tests. Occasionally, I would read a novel that was assigned, but I didn't
enjoy this type of reading. I liked facts, things that are concrete. I thought
anything abstract left too much room for argument.
Yet, now that I'm growing and the world I
once knew as being so simple is becoming more complex, I find myself needing a
way to escape. By opening a novel, I can leave behind my burdens and enter into
a wonderful and mysterious world where I am now a new character. In these
worlds I can become anyone. I don't have to write down what happened or what
technique the author was using when he or she wrote this. I just read to relax.
We're taught to read because it's necessary
for much of human understanding. Reading is a vital part of my life. Reading
satisfies my desire to keep learning. And I've found that the possibilities
that lie within books are limitless.
（1）Why did the author want to grab the newspaper out of mom's hands？
A．She wanted mom to read the news to her.
B．She was anxious to know what had happened.
C．She couldn't wait to tear the newspaper apart.
D．She couldn't help but stop mom from reading.
（2）According to Paragraph 3, the author's reading of road signs indicates___________.
A．her unique way to locate herself
B．her eagerness to develop her reading ability
C．her effort to remind mom to obey traffic rules
D．her growing desire to know the world around her.
（3）What was the author's view on factual reading
A．It would help her update test-taking skills.
B．It would allow much room for free thinking.
C．It would provide true and objective information.
D．It would help shape a realistic and serious attitude to life.
（4）The author takes novel reading as a way to___________.
A．explore a fantasy land B．develop a passion for leaning
C．learn about the adult community D．get away from a confusing world
（5）What could be the best title for the passage？
A．The Magic of Reading B．The Pleasure of Reading
C．Growing Up with Reading D．Reading Makes a Full Man
【答案】（1）B
（2）D
（3）C
（4）D
（5）C
【知识点】人生百味类；夹叙夹议
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了自己的读书经历和感悟。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“I always wanted to know what my mom was reading”和“Hearing mom say … made me want to grab it out of her hands and read it myself”可知，作者一直想知道妈妈在读什么。作者抢过妈妈读的报纸，因为作者自己迫切想看一看报纸上写的内容，故选B。
（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“My progress in reading raised my curiosity, and I wanted to know everything，”可以推断出，让妈妈开车开慢一点，他能够读出所有路标，正是作者在阅读方面的进步引起了他的好奇心，想要了解周围的一切，故选D。
（3）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“Most of my reading through primary, middle and high school was factual reading. I read for knowledge, and to make A's on my test.”可知，小学和中学阶段的阅读都是事实性阅读，读书是为了获取知识，考试得A。因此事实性阅读能够提供真实的客观的信息，故选 C。
（4）考查细节理解。根据第五段中的“By opening a novel, I can leave behind my burdens and enter into a wonderful and mysterious world where I am now a new character. In these worlds I can become anyone.” 打开一本小说，我可以摆脱我的负担，进入一个奇妙而神秘的世界，我现在是一个新的角色。在这个世界上，我可以成为任何人。 可知，阅读小说可以让作者避开复杂的现实而投入到小说中的世界中去，故选D。
（5）考查主旨大意。根据上下文可知，作者以时间顺序回忆了自己的阅读经历和感悟，伴着阅读成长，故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
3．（2019·新课标Ⅱ卷）阅读理解
Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach's Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her e-book as she waits for her salad. What is she reading None of your business! Lunch is Bechtel's "me" time. And like more Americans, she's not alone.
A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half（53 percent）have breakfast alone and nearly half（46 percent）have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore, 74 percent, according to statistics from the report.
"I prefer to go out and be out. Alone, but together, you know？"Bechtel said, looking up from her book. Bechtel, who works in downtown West Palm Beach, has lunch with coworkers sometimes, but like many of us, too often works through lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized. "Today, I just wanted some time to myself, "she said.
Just two seats over, Andrew Mazoleny, a local videographer, is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he's on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction（交流）. "I reflect on how my day's gone and think about the rest of the week," he said. "It's a chance for self-reflection, You return to work recharged and with a plan."
That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one, but those days are over. Now, we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. "It doesn't feel as alone as it may have before al the advances in technology," said Laurie Demerit, whose company provided the statistics for the report.
（1）What are the statistics in paragraph 2 about
A．Food variety. B．Eating habits.
C．Table manners. D．Restaurant service.
（2）Why does Bechtel prefer to go out for lunch
A．To meet with her coworkers. B．To catch up with her work.
C．To have some time on her own. D．To collect data for her report.
（3）What do we know about Mazoleny
A．He makes videos for the bar.
B．He's fond of the food at the bar.
C．He interviews customers at the bar.
D．He's familiar with the barkeeper.
（4）What is the text mainly about
A．The trend of having meals alone.
B．The importance of self-reflection.
C．The stress from working overtime.
D．The advantage of wireless technology.
【答案】（1）B
（2）C
（3）D
（4）A
【知识点】社会现象类；夹叙夹议
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章，通过对几个人独自吃午餐的描写，说明午餐让人有了独处的时间，让人得以放松，并且现在有了手机的陪伴，独自吃饭受到越来越多的人的青睐。
（1）推理判断题。A、食物的多样性；B、吃饭的习惯；C、餐桌礼仪；C、餐馆的服务。第二段中提到，46%的人独自吃饭，53%的人独自吃早饭，46%的人独自吃午饭，只有在晚饭的时间人们才一起吃饭。这些说明了人们吃饭的习惯。故答案为B。
（2）细节理解题。将题干中的Bechtel定位在第三段，根据本段的最后一句Today，I just wanted some time to myself可知，他只是想有属于自己的时间。故答案为C。
（3）细节理解题。根据题干中的Mazoleny可知本题对第四段设题。由chat up the barkeeper with whom he's on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction可知她与酒吧老板很熟，on a first-name basis意思是“直呼其名的关系”。故答案为D。
（4）主旨大意题。本文通过通过对几个人独自吃午餐的描写，说明午餐让人有了独处的时间，让人得以放松，并且现在有了手机的陪伴，独自吃饭受到越来越多的人的青睐。所以“独自吃饭的趋势”是本文的中心，故答案为A。
【点评】本文属于社会现象的文章。要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
4．（2019·新课标Ⅱ卷）阅读理解
My Favourite Books
Jo Usmar is a writer for Cosmopolitan and co-author of the This Book Will series（系列）of lifestyle books. Here she picks her top reads.
Matilda
Roald Dahl
I once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahl's writing and it gave me a new appreciation for his strange and delightful words. Matilda's battles with her cruel parents and the bossy headmisres, Miss Trunchbull, are equally funny and frightening, but they're also aspirational.
After Dark
Haruki Murakami
It's about two sisters-Eri, a model who either won't or can't stop sleeping, and Mari, a young student. In trying to connect to her sister. Mari starts changing her life and discovers a world of diverse "night people" who are hiding secrets.
Gone Girl
Gillian Fynn
There was a bit of me that didn't want to love this when everyone else on the planet did but the horror story is brilliant. There's tension and anxiety from the beginning as Nick and Amy battle for your trust. It's a real whodunit and the frustration when you realise what's going on is horribly enjoyable
The Stand
Stephen King
This is an excellent fantasy novel from one of the best storytellers around. After a serious flu outbreak wipes out 99.4% of the world's population, a battle unfolds between good and evil among those let. Randall Flagg is one of the scariest characters ever.
（1）Who does "I" refer to in the text
A．Stephen King. B．Gillian Flynn.
C．Jo Usmar. D．Roald Dahl
（2）Which of the following tells about Mari and Eri
A． Cosmopolitan. B．Matilda. C．After Dark. D．The Stand.
（3）What kind of book is GoneGirl
A．A folk tale. B．A biography.
C．A love story. D．A horror story.
【答案】（1）C
（2）C
（3）D
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；夹叙夹议
【解析】【分析】本文主要介绍Jo Usmar挑选出来的常读的书籍。
（1）推理判断题。根据第一段中的Jo Usmar is a writer ……Here she picks her top reads可知，下文中提到的I指Jo Usmar。故答案为C。
（2）细节理解题。根据After Dark Haruki Murakami It's about two sisters-Eri, a model who either won't or can't stop sleeping, and Mari, a young student.。可知讲述和Eric和Maria的是After Dark。故答案为C。
（3）细节理解题。题干中的Gone Girl是第四个小标题，根据第一句中的but the horror story is brilliant可知这一个恐怖故事。故答案为D。
【点评】考查准确识别掌握细节信息的能力。答题的关键在于通过题干中的关键词在文中定位，然后通过对句子及段落的理解，确定准确的信息。
5．（2019·新课标Ⅱ卷）阅读理解
“You can use me as a last resort（选择）, and if nobody else volunteers, then I will do it.” This was an actual reply from a parent after I put out a request for volunteers for my kids lacrosse（长曲棍球）club.
I guess that there's probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren't even on … At this point the unwilling parent speaks up,“Alright. Yes, I'll do it.”
I'm secretly relieved because I know there's real power in sharing volunteer responsibilities among many. The unwilling parent organizes the meal schedule, sends out emails, and collects money for end-of-season gifts. Somewhere along the way, the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team. The coach is able to focus on the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season. Handing out sliced oranges to bloodthirsty kids can be as exciting as watching your own kid score a goal.
Still, most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close. That relief is coupled with a deep understanding of why the same people keep coming back for more: Connecting to the community（社区）as you freely give your time, money, skills, or services provides a real joy. Volunteering just feels so good.
In that sense, I'm pretty sure volunteering is more of a selfish act than I'd freely like to admit. However, if others benefit in the process, and I get some reward too, does it really matter where my motivation lies
（1）What can we infer about the parent from her reply in paragraph 1
A．She knows little about the club.
B．She isn't good at sports.
C．She just doesn't want to volunteer.
D．She's unable to meet her schedule.
（2）What does the underlined phrase“tug at the heartstrings”in paragraph 2 mean
A．Encourage team work . B．Appeal to feeling.
C．Promote good deeds. D．Provide advice.
（3）What can we learn about the parent from paragraph 3
A．She gets interested in lacrosse. B．She is proud of her kids.
C．She'll work for another season. D．She becomes a good helper.
（4）Why does the author like doing volunteer work
A．It gives her a sense of duty. B．It makes her very happy.
C．It enables her to work hard. D．It brings her material rewards.
【答案】（1）C
（2）B
（3）D
（4）B
【知识点】人物故事类；夹叙夹议
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章，讲述作者邀请并说服一位不愿意当志愿者的家长帮忙，在孩子们的长曲棍球俱乐部为孩子们提供志愿服务，从而从志愿活动中得到快乐。
（1）推理判断题。句意“你可以把我当作最后的手段，如果没有其他人自愿的话，我会去做的。”在第二段中的demanding work schedule和an unknown sport均是作者猜测的，所以ABD不对。根据第二段最后的the unwilling parent 可以看出这位家长也许不想当自愿者。故答案为C。
（2）词义猜测题。A、鼓励团队协作；B、诉诸情感；C、促进良好行为；D、提供建议。前一句提到She may just need a little persuading（她也许只是需要一点儿劝说），所以“我又尝试了并……”，后一句作者“提到一个带着4个孩子的单亲妈妈”，“谈到自己的孩子不在球队里的父亲当教练”等都是从情感上打动这位家长，故答案为B。
（3）细节理解题。根据第三段中的描述organizes the meal schedule, sends out emails, and collects money for end-of-season gifts. Somewhere along the way，“那位不情愿的家长安排用餐时间，发邮件，并为季末礼物筹款，并最终成为了团队中一个成员”，可知这位家长成为一个得力的助手，让其他的家长有时间去准备下一个赛季的事情。故答案为D。
（4）细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后的provides a real joy. Volunteering just feels so good可知因为志愿工作带来快乐，故答案为B。
【点评】考查对文章的理解和词义的猜测。在通读短文的基础上紧扣问题，利用关键词在文中定位，认真分析。
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