2023年中考英语专题 第五章 介词课件(共47张PPT)

(共47张PPT)
第一部分 名师语法专题
第五章 介词
01
中考动态
02
名师点拨
03
强化训练
课标要求（2022年版） 广东省卷近5年中考统计情况
2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
表示时间的介词 √ √ √
表示地点和位置的介词 √ √
表示方式的介词 √ √
其他常见介词
介词的常见搭配 √ √
中考动态
名师点拨
基础自测 限时小练·自查自纠
(限时:10min 正确率:_______/20题)
一、翻译以下词块
1.最后;终于_______________ 2.起初;首先________________
3.在八岁时____________________________
4.在左/右边_______________ 5.同时________________
6.在你的帮助下_______________________________
7.过了一会儿___________ 8.例如___________________
9.顺便问一下___________ 10.惊讶地___________
11.使我惊讶的是______________
12.在中国制造_________________
at last/in the end
at first/first of all
at the age of eight (years old)
on the left/right
at the same time
with your help/with the help of you
after a while
for example/such as
by the way
in surprise
to my surprise
be made in China
二、用适当的介词填空
1.The girl has worked in this school __________ 2016.
2.（2022云南）—How do you relax in your free time
—_______ doing sports and listening to music.
3.My parents will be back _______ three days.
4.（2022恩施州）Maria went skating with her friends in the park _______ a sunny morning.
since
By
in
on
5.（2022达州）—Can you tell me something about Dazhou, Lin Hui
—No problem.It's _______ the northeast of Sichuan Province and it's famous ________ its natural gas.
6.（2022连云港）The traffic light is green.Let's go __________ the road.
7.You have to stay __________ home and prepare for your exam.
8.（2022绥化）—A model plane is __________ the tree.Let's get it down.
—Look! The apples __________ the tree are really red.
in
for
across
at
in
on
介词用来表明名词、代词或相当于名词的部分与句中其他词的关系。介词是虚词，不能单独作句子成分。介词与其后面的宾语（名词、代词、数词、从句、v.－ing形式，“疑问词＋不定式”结构）构成介词短语并在句子中充当成分（表语、补语、定语、状语）。
考点精讲 重点难点·分享突破
考点1
几组介词的比较
表 示 时 间 的 介 词 1 at：时刻、正午、午夜 at ten o'clock, at night, at noon, at the moment
in：世纪、年代、朝代、年、月、季节、早中晚 in the morning, in the 1980s, in May, in spring
on：具体的上午、下午、晚上、一天等 on June 26, on Sunday morning
2 since：（1）since＋过去的时间点； （2）since＋时间段＋ago I have lived here since last year.
I have lived here since two years ago.
for＋时间段，表示动作持续多久，句子常用现在完成时、过去完成时或一般过去时 I have lived here for two years.
3 after＋时间点，表示“在……之后”，常与将来时连用 after＋时间段，表示“在……之后”，常与过去时连用 They will leave after nine o'clock.
After an hour I went home.
in＋时间段，表示“多久以后”，常与将来时连用 I'll go home in an hour.
表 示 地 点 方 位 的 介 词 1 at＋小地点（车站、电影院等） They arrived at the bus station at ten.
in＋大地点（洲名、国家名、城市名等） They arrived in Beijing at ten.
2 above：在……上面（不一定是正上方），其反义词为below；也可指温度、海拔等 There is a clock on the wall.It is above the blackboard.
on：在……上（指接触物体表面或构成物体表面的一部分）
over：在……上方（垂直悬空，正上方），其反义词为under There is a bridge over the river.
3 between：在两者之间 The Pacific Ocean is between Asia and America.
among：在三者及以上的人或物之间 Shanghai is among the largest cities in the world.
4 across：穿过（某一平面） The dog runs across the street when the green light is on.
through：穿过（某一空间内部） They walked through the forest carefully.
past：经过 He walked past the post office just now.
over：从一边到另一边或越过某一高度 He jumped over the fence.
5 in：在……中；在……内 Shenzhen is in the south of Guangdong.
on：表示两个不同的个体相邻或接壤，意为“毗邻；接壤” Guangdong is on the east of Guangxi.
to：表示两个个体之间有一定距离 China lies to the west of Japan.
表 示 方 式 的 介 词 1 by＋交通工具（单数） I go to school by bus.
in＋限定词＋小型交通工具 He goes to school in his father's car.
on＋限定词＋大型交通工具，自行车除外 He goes to work on a bike.
2 by＋动名词，“通过……；以……方式、方法、手段” He became a college student by working hard.
in：“用……方式、语言、颜色”等，语言、材料前不加冠词 He made the speech in English.
on：“通过；使用；借助于”，后跟电子通讯设备 We spoke on the phone.
with：“用；使用；以”，后常接具体的工具或身体的某个器官 Cut it with a knife.
容易误用介词的地方：
（1）在here, there, home, upstairs, downstairs等副词前不要加介词。
（2）在today, yesterday, the day before yesterday, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow等时间状语前不要加介词。
By the time we arrived 1.__________ the city, I was so tired.We arrived 2.__________ night so we didn't get to see the ruins（废墟） until the next day.Even though I'd seen photos in magazines and 3.__________ the Internet, I was totally unprepared to see it in person.It was the most wonderful thing I'd ever seen 4.__________ my life.I will never forget it!
即学即练 对点巩固·链接中考
in
at
on
in
考点2
其他常用介词
about 关于；对于 a book about flowers
across 从一边到另一边；横过；在……各处；遍及 go across; across the country
after 在……后；反复不断或一个接一个 after lunch; day after day
against 反对；与……相反；紧靠；倚；撞 play against; The rain beats against the windows.
along 沿着； 顺着 along the road
around 围绕；环绕；到处；向各处 He puts his arms around her.
around the world
as 像；如同；作为；当作 be dressed as a clown（小丑）
treat… as…； regard… as…
behind 在……的后面；落后于 behind the door
We're behind schedule.
by 靠近；在……旁边；被；由；不迟于； 在……之前；经过；由于 by the river; a play by Shakespeare；
by tomorrow; walk by; by mistake
during 在……期间 during the 1990s
for 为了；给；对；支持；拥护； 因为；由于；表示一段时间； 对……来说 fight for; be for; be famous for; for a few days；
It's＋adj.＋for sb.to do sth.
from 来自；源于；由……（制成）； 从……起；与……（不同） be/come from; be made from; from A to B；
be different from
including 包括；包含 I've got three days' holiday including New Year's Day.
like 像……一样；例如；比方 He's very like his father.
Tom does many sports, like jumping and running.
off 从……落下；离开；下班；休息 get off; have three days off school
over 到另一边；翻越；多于；遍及 climb over the wall; over a month; all over the world
past （时间）过；（年龄）超过 half past two
through 自始至终；从头到尾；以；凭借 sit through a concert；
through hard work
until/till 到……时；直到……为止 until/till 11 o'clock
with 和；同；带有；具有；关于；对于 talk with sb.；a girl with red hair；
be angry/pleased with
without 没有；不 without difficulty
选词填空，每词限用一次。
There are two main phases（阶段） of sleep.These are rapid eye movement （REM）， when the eyes move quickly in lots of directions 1.__________ closed eyelids（眼睑）， and non－rapid eye movement.You can dream in either phase, but it's most likely to be 2.__________ the REM phase, which happens 3.__________ 90 minutes after you fall asleep.Many scientists think that animals 4.__________ cats and dogs can dream because they experience REM sleep, the same 5.__________ humans.
即学即练 对点巩固·链接中考
behind
Including as about during behind
during
about
including
as
考点3
常见介词的搭配
一、介词与动词的搭配
动词＋to listen to听……　 write to写给　　　　 　shout to冲……大叫　　　 look forward to期待 pay attention to注意
动词＋at laugh at嘲笑　 　shout at对……大吼　 　knock at敲（门、窗等）　 　look at看……
动词＋for look for寻找　　 ask for要求；请求　　 　wait for等待　　　　　 　pay for为……付款 prepare for为……做准备
动词＋on knock on敲击　　get on上车　　carry on继续　　depend on依赖于 try on试验　　 　pass on传递　　　　 　live on以……为食
动词＋with agree with同意　　chat with与……闲聊　catch up with追上；赶上
come up with想出　　 deal with处理　　　　share with与……分享
二、介词与形容词的搭配
介词与形容词搭配时，常用“be＋形容词＋介词”结构，如be afraid of。常见搭配见本书动词短语部分。
三、介词与名词的搭配
名词＋介词 the key to……的关键　the way to……的方法　the answer to……的答案
介词＋名词 in surprise惊奇地　on time准时　in time及时　for example例如 on foot步行
in trouble处于困难中　 in the end最后　
on sale降价销售；待售
in one's opinion在某人看来　in danger处于危险中　at the age of在……岁时
by the way顺便说一声　at last终于　
in a hurry匆忙地
四、区别几组易混的含介词的短语
1.be made of 由……材料制成（看得出原材料）； be made from由……材料制成（看不出原材料）；be made in 在……（地方）制造； be made by 由……制造； be made up of 由……（成分）组成
2.talk about sth./sb.谈论某事/某人（谈论的内容）；
talk to/with sb.与某人谈论
3.be famous for 因为……而出名；
be famous as 作为……而出名
4.be good at sth./doing sth.擅长某事/做某事； be good to sb.对某人友好； be good for 对……有好处
5.in front of 表示“在某人或某物的前面”， 在某个范围以外； in the front of 表示“在……的前部”， 在某个范围以内
即学即练 对点巩固·链接中考
A girl had a coat.There were five buttons（纽扣） in her coat.The five buttons looked the same and they were friends.They often talk 1.__________ each other.
One day, a button got a scratch（划痕）.The scratch was ugly and it made the button be different 2.__________ the others.The other buttons often laughed 3.__________ it.The poor button was very sad.Finally, it left the four buttons and went away.
After a few days, the girl went 4.__________ the market and bought five new buttons.She threw away the four old buttons.
to/with
from
at
to
对接中考 方法探究·总结规律
1.介词在语法选择中的考查
语法选择考查介词主要会从表示时间的介词，表示地点和位置的介词，表示方式、手段、方向的介词，固定搭配等方面去设题考查。解题时可以根据上下文、分析句子结构以及固定搭配去确定。
①由句子结构及上下文判断
（2021广东34题）Workers started to build the bridge in May… The bridge runs __________ two mountains.
A.at B.under C.among D.between
D
解析：根据上下文可知此处表示“这座桥夹在两座山之间”，在两者之间应用介词between，在三者及三者以上之间用among，其他两项都不符合此处的语境，故选D。
（2020广东31题）Judie's class was studying Chinese culture.One day, her teacher went into the classroom __________ some kites.
A.to B.in C.with D.by
C
解析：观察四个选项并分析句子结构可知，本题考查介词在句中作状语的用法，to去，往；in在……里；with带着；by通过。根据句意可知是“带着一些风筝走进教室”，故选C。
②由固定搭配判断
（2022广东31题）She was born and raised ______ a village in Hebei province.
A.in B.for C.with
A
解析：in a village“在一个村庄里”，为固定搭配，故选A。
2.介词在短文填空中的考查
在短文填空中对介词的考查与在语法选择中的考查类似，解题方法同样是从句子结构及上下文或固定搭配这几个方面进行判断。
①由句子结构及上下文判断
（2021广东67题）He is William, an American who has lived in China __________ 33 years.
for
解析：分析句子结构可知此句为现在完成时，“for ＋ 时间段”常与现在完成时连用，且句意符合，故填for。
②由固定搭配判断
（2022广东69题）Tea is mostly produced __________ Asian countries like China and India.
in
解析：be produced in＋地点“产于某地”，为固定搭配，故填in。
强化训练
一、语法选择（2022包头改编）
Games and sports teach people a lot of useful skills, as well as helping them to keep fit and healthy.
Lots of people love team sports.They enjoy being a member of a team so they have the chance to take part __1__ matches and events.They also enjoy sharing the success, or failure, __2__ others.While playing, people have to support each other, otherwise they can never win.
（ ）1.A.at B.in C.on
（ ）2.A.about B.for C.with
1．take part in参加。
B
C
2．share sth.with sb.和某人分享某物。
At the same time, it is important __3__ rules.Because no game will work unless everyone plays according __4__ them.Team games also teach you that losing is not the end of the world.You will always have another opportunity and you will be __5__ than your competitors next time.
（ ）3.A.to respect B.respect C.respecting
（ ）4.A.in B.of C.to
（ ）5.A.successful B.more successful C.most successful
3．It's important to do sth.做某事很重要。
A
C
B
However, there are many people who just don't like team sports.They have to find other ways to exercise.Perhaps they __6__ a bad experience with a kind of sport when they were younger.Maybe they feel embarrassed __7__ they think they're not very good at a sport.They worry __8__ disappointing the rest of the team if they perform badly.Team sports are usually about competitions, and for some people, this is too stressful.（ ）6.A.had B.have C.will have
（ ）7.A.because B.until C.although
（ ）8.A.over B.about C.among
A
8．worry about担心；担忧。
B
A
So individual（个人的） activities are more suitable for __9__.For example, during the COVID－19, many people exercise in their houses by following work－out videos posted online.Hundreds of free workouts __10__ online every day, so you can have your own personal trainer without leaving your own house.
Whether you take part in team sports or individual activities, always lead positive lives!
（ ）9.A.they B.their C.them
（ ）10.A.are producing B.are produced
C.were producing
C
B
短文大意：本文主要讲述了有些人喜欢团体运动，有些喜欢个人运动，但是不管是什么运动，要始终过着积极向上的生活。
I moved to London when I was only two years old.1.__________ the age of seven, I started school in London.There I met a teacher, Mr.King.He influenced my whole life.Mr.King 2.__________ me maths.He was humorous.Sometimes, he told us funny stories.So his lessons made 3.__________ interested.
二、短文填空（2022哈尔滨改编）
At
taught
1．at the age of在……岁的时候。
us
2．根据前一句“There I met a teacher，Mr.King.”可知应是教我数学，讲述过去的事情应使用一般过去时。故填taught。
One day, Mr.King stopped me while I was on my 4.__________ home.He took out a piece of paper with some maths exercises on it.With a smile, he asked, “Would you like to have a try, my kid？” I was a 5.__________ surprised and took those exercises home.I worked hard that night.
way
bit/little
4．on my way home在我回家的路上。
5．修饰形容词可用a bit或a little。
The next day 6.__________ I gave part of the answers to him, he carefully checked them and said, “Well done! I believe your love for maths will help you with the rest.”
when/after
After Mr.King encouraged me, I 7.__________ all my free time on the exercises.A week later, I succeeded! Mr.King gave me more exercises, expecting me to 8.__________ great progress.Every time I worked 9.__________ the problems, I have a lot of fun.Exercises became harder and I put more effort into maths.
spent
make
out
7．spend time on sth.在某事上花费时间。
8．make progress取得进步。
9．work out解决。
I enjoyed maths.It was Mr.King that opened the door to maths 10.__________ me and led me in.I was thankful to Mr.King.
for
短文大意：本文主要讲述了作者在伦敦上学时遇到的一位老师对他的影响。
谢谢大家！