2023年江西中考英语复习 题型二　选择型阅读理解课件(共129张PPT)

(共129张PPT)
题型二　阅读理解
(一)选择型阅读理解
分析江西近八年中考真题可知，一般选择型阅读理解分为两类：表格型和文本型阅读理解。主要命题特点如下：
1．表格型(阅读理解A篇)
文体为应用文，此类型阅读题的难度较文本型阅读理解而言通常偏低，关键在于理解表格内提供的关键信息点。
(1)表格内容：说明介绍，内容与招聘广告、通知、旅游参观等相关。
(2)设问形式：3个特殊疑问句(分别询问价格、时间、地点等)。
(3)设题：1～3道细节理解题、0～1道数字计算题。
2．文本型(阅读理解B、C、D、E篇)
(1)文体：B篇为记叙文(8年8考)；C篇为说明文(8年7考)和记叙文(2016)；D篇为说明文(8年7考)和记叙文(2019)；E篇为说明文(2021)。
(2)话题：外国名人故事(8年8考)、百科知识(8年6考)、健康生活(8年3考)、文娱体育(8年3考)、异国文化(2014 D)、科普说明(2021 D,2017 C)、普通人物故事(2019 D,2016 C)。
(3)词数、段落及生词量：词数：230～390词；段落：2～8段；生词量：2～7个。
(4)设问特点：题干为特殊疑问句；考查方式涉及细节理解题、推理判断题、词义猜测题、代词指代题、主旨/段落大意题(含标题归纳)、句子排序、信息匹配、数字计算、句子还原及文章结构等。
细节理解题(8年45考)
直接信息法
◆ 典例剖析 ◆
(2021·江西阅读A节选)
CONCERT
Eric Fawkins， two time Prima Music Prize winner， will perform an evening of classical and jazz ballads.
Eric Fawkins' latest CD will also be on sale.
Venue：Victory Theater,Dates：22－24 August
Tickets：available at $50 (child)，$80 (adult)
56．What is the price of an adult ticket for the concert
A．$80.　　　　　　　　 B．$50.
C．$20. D．$18.
剖析：根据题干关键词“an adult ticket for the concert”可定位至节选最后一行，由此可知成人票为80美元。故选A。
◆ 微技能训练 ◆
Paragraph 1(2021·河南阅读C节选)
...Dandelion (蒲公英) seeds are so light that when wind blows, it carries dandelion seeds to new places.Maple (枫树) seeds also use wind. Their seeds are connected with long, thin leaves that look like wings. When the seed falls from the tree, its “wings” help it fly farther from the tree.
1．How do maples spread their seeds
A．They use ants. B．They use wind.
C．They use smells. D．They use animals.
答案：B
Paragraph 2(2021·安徽阅读D节选)
According to the finding of a new UN report, the world wastes about one sixth of the food each year.That's about 1,030,000,000 tons, or 121 kilograms for each person on the Earth.
61% of the food waste is from home cooking. Food services, such as restaurants, produce 26% and groceries (食品杂货店) and other stores 13%...
2．Where is most food waste from
A．Home cooking. B．Restaurants.
C．Food stores. D．Groceries.
答案：A
同义转换法
解题原则：需对原文信息和选项信息进行转换。
◆ 典例剖析 ◆
(2021·江西阅读E节选)Twins Jim Springer and Jim Lewis were adopted (领养) as babies and raised by different couples.When the Jims finally met at age 39, they discovered they had plenty in common.Both were six feet tall, 180 pounds.They had the same smile and the same voice.When scientist Thomas Bouchard Jr.invited the Jim twins to his lab...
70．What did Bouchard's study find about the twins
A．Each seemed to be as tall as their twin.
B．Each had the same hobby as their twin.
C．Each had almost the same ability as their twin.
D．Each had about the same IQ level as their twin.
剖析：根据题干关键点“Bouchard's study find about the twins”可知，A项“as tall as”与原文中的“Both were six feet tall”为同义转换，表示两个人一样高。故选A。
◆ 微技能训练 ◆
Paragraph 3(2021·河南阅读A节选)
The best stories will be posted on www.GrandMiddleSchool. org/beststories.Everyone will have the chance to vote (投票) for their favorite stories from 23rd to 25th September 2021.
3．When can you vote for your favorite stories
A．On September 13.
B．On September 20.
C．On September 24.
D．On September 30.
答案：C
Paragraph 4(2021·杭州阅读A节选)
My name is Ryan and last summer my family and I went to an island for our summer vacation.There were so many fun...“I know! We should make a sign about not throwing rubbish into the sea, and put it in the sand on the beach，”I said.“I'll help, too，”said Derek.
4．Why did Ryan want to put up a sign
A．To welcome people.
B．To feed sea animals.
C．To use the rubbish again.
D．To stop sea pollution.
答案：D
推理判断题(8年25考)
常见设问方式：
(1)What can we get/infer from the passage？(8年3考)
(2)What can we infer from the last sentence of the passage？(2020、T75, 2019、T70)
(3)What's the writer's advice for... (2017、T74)
(4)What can we know...from the passage？(2019、T74)
(5)What can we know about...according to the passage？(2021、T59, 2020、T66)
(6)What's the writer's opinion about...？(2021、T71)
(7)What's the writer's opinion of...？(2018、T67)
(8)What's the purpose of the passage (2021、T63)
(9)Where may the passage come from (2014、T72)
针对文中细节的推断
◆ 典例剖析 ◆
(2021·江西阅读D节选)Many everyday things today—from toys to car engines (发动机)—still use al Jazari's ideas.Without his machines with moving parts，we might not have modern day robots.
65．Why is al Jazari called “the father of modern day engineering”？
A．His ideas are still widely used in machines.
B．The elephant clock is an amazing invention.
C．His inventions include some parts of modern robots.
D．His book about machines is still popular with readers.
剖析：根据题干关键词“the father of modern day engineering”可定位至节选第一句，由此推知是因为al Jazari的想法在今天仍然被广泛运用于机器中。故选A。
◆ 微技能训练 ◆
Paragraph 5(2021·安徽阅读B节选)
“Mike does well in all subjects，”his mother said.“When he has difficulties, he will try to find a way out.”His father was satisfied with Mike's non academic (非学业的) achievements.“They mean much more，”his father said.
5．What can we learn about Mike's parents
A．They are proud of their son Mike.
B．They help Mike with all subjects.
C．They care more about Mike's grades.
D．They work in the same company.
答案：A
Paragraph 6(2021·河南阅读B节选)
One day I went to work for an old couple who were very friendly to everybody, even to the birds.And the birds seemed to love the old couple, too.For seven years a bird had come and built her nest (鸟巢) in the same place.
6．Which word can best describe the old couple
A．Kind.　　　　　　　 B．Strict.
C．Proud. D．Funny.
答案：A
针对作者或文中人物的观点、语气、态度、风格、倾向的推断
◆ 典例剖析 ◆
(2021·江西阅读B节选)British adventurer (冒险家) Alastair Humphreys had ridden his bike around the world, walked across India, and rowed (划船) from Africa to South America.
For a year, Humphreys went on micro adventures—small, low cost trips close to home.Why did he do this？“I started to think that it was possible to have an adventure anywhere，” he explains...
Humphreys wanted other people to make this discovery，too, so he decided to share his idea...
59．What can we know about Humphreys' personality according to the passage
A．Brave, creative and active.
B．Proud, humorous and kind.
C．Careful, quiet and hard working.
D．Confident, strict and warm hearted.
剖析：第一段介绍Humphreys骑自行车环游世界，步行穿过印度，可知他很勇敢；第二段介绍Humphreys开始了微冒险，体现出他有创意；第三段介绍Humphreys鼓励其他人也来参与微冒险，体现出他很积极。故选A。
◆ 微技能训练 ◆
Paragraph 7(2021·北京阅读D节选)
Nature and culture are often seen as opposite ideas.What belongs to nature cannot be the result of human activities and, on the other hand, cultural development is achieved against nature.However, this is not the only opinion on the relationship between nature and culture.Studies in the development of humans suggest that culture, whether taken as an effort against nature or a natural effort, is part of the development of the human species (物种)．
7．What is the writer's opinion on the nature culture relationship
A．Culture and nature are separate yet balanced.
B．Culture depends much on nature to progress.
C．Nature and culture are different but connected.
D．Nature follows the unwritten rules set by culture.
答案：C
Paragraph 8(2021·丹东Passage 2节选)
Tony and George were painting freely.Each of them had a bottle of blue paint (油漆) and a bottle of yellow paint.
Suddenly George said，“Look, Tony, I made green！”
“How did you do it？”asked Tony.
“I put yellow paint on top of my blue paint—yellow and blue put together make green！” shouted George.Other children came around to watch and wanted to do it themselves.
8．George was when he noticed the change of colors.
A．angry B．disappointed
C．excited D．peaceful
C
针对文章出处的判断
◆ 典例剖析 ◆
(2014·江西阅读B节选)On 22nd January, 2007, Dave Cornthwaite from the UK became the first person to skateboard across Australia.He made a new world record, by skating a total of 5,823 kilometers...
If Dave hadn't believed in making his dreams come true, none of this would have happened.Dave left his job two weeks after he had bought a skateboard and decided to go on a journey.He wanted this journey to be about something more than him, so he created an association that would raise money for charities...
Dave helped raise more than ￡50,000 for children's charities，wrote a book and encouraged others to follow in his footsteps...
72．Where may the passage come from
A．An art book. B．A story book.
C．A science book. D．A medicine book.
剖析：通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了Dave勇于挑战自我，实现梦想，创办慈善机构的故事，由此可以推断出本文可能选自一本故事书。故选B。
◆ 微技能训练 ◆
Paragraph 9(2021·宜宾阅读A节选)
It is reported that the cost of living has been rising around the world in recent years. In the study, 214 cities worldwide were surveyed. So, which cities are the most expensive to live in
9．Where can we easily find the passage
A．A geography book.
B．A science fiction.
C．A survey report.
D．A nature magazine.
答案：C
词义(组)猜测题(8年8考)
常见设问方式：
(1)What does the underlined word...mean？(8年5考)
(2)What does the underlined word...in Paragraph X mean？(8年3考)
根据上下文语境猜测词义
◆ 典例剖析 ◆
(2020·江西阅读C节选)For example, Mike Fay went on a dangerous 2,000 mile special journey in central Africa.He worked to help save the wildlife there.Fay's expeditions helped create 13 national parks.
69．What does the underlined word “expedition” in this paragraph mean
A．Much money. B．A journey with a special goal.
C．A great idea. D．A plan for a dangerous journey.
剖析：根据此处Mike Fay在中非进行了一场2 000英里的危险特殊旅程，他努力帮助拯救那里的野生动物可知，expeditions指代“一个特殊目标的旅程”。故选B。
◆ 微技能训练 ◆
Paragraph 10(2021·杭州阅读C节选)
Cossack dances are from Russia and Ukraine.They are very energetic—some are more like gymnastics than dancing！Dancers have to be very fit because they jump very high and kick their legs up and down. They often jump over swords (剑)．The movements are similar to traditional Cossack activities, for example, sword fighting and getting on and off horses.
10．What does the underlined word “gymnastics” in this paragraph mean
A．A play.　　　　　　　 B．A sport.
C．A celebration. D．A show.
答案：B
Paragraph 11(2021·昆明阅读B节选)
In early June 2011,17 year old Felicia got hit by a car.When she woke up in the hospital, she found both of her legs were missing. However, Felicia didn't quit trying to achieve her dream. She wanted to get back on the horse.She had ridden as a little girl and decided in the hospital to try again.She wasn't sure if she would be able to.But after ten weeks' training, she could ride once again!
11．What does the underlined word “quit” in this paragraph mean
A．Keep. B．Enjoy.
C．Begin. D．Stop.
答案：D
通过“逻辑关系”猜测词义
◆ 典例剖析 ◆
(2021·江西阅读C节选)Many kinds of wild dogs have nearly disappeared from the Earth. However, the domestic dog's special place as “man's best friend” has allowed it to survive (存活) in a human world.
62．What does the underlined word “domestic” in this paragraph mean
A．Trained. B．Smart.
C．Hungry. D．Valuable.
剖析：根据画线单词前一句可知，许多野狗几乎已经从地球上消失了，结合句中关键词“However”可知前后两句应是转折关系，由此推断“domestic”与“wild”意思相反，因此该单词意思应为训练过的。故选A。
◆ 微技能训练 ◆
Paragraph 12(2021·眉山阅读C节选)
After a long day at work, nothing is better than a good night's sleep! Just like on the earth, in space astronauts go to bed at a certain time, then get up and prepare for work again.When going to sleep, they have to attach themselves, so they don't float (飘动) around or hit their bodies against something...
12．What does the underlined word “attach” in this paragraph mean
A．Tie. B．Hide.
C．Catch. D．Carry.
答案：A
通过定义或释义关系猜测词义
◆ 典例剖析 ◆
(2021·绍兴阅读C节选)Living in a village provides him with unique experiences, he says, quite different from busy life in big cities, such as Shanghai, where he studies.And he has been a pleasant surprise to the villagers as well.
39．The underlined word “unique” probably means “ ”．
A．common B．special
C．similar D．hard
剖析：根据画线单词后的“quite different from busy life in big cities”可知，在农村生活和在城市生活是很不同的，此处表示生活在农村给了他特别的生活经历。故选B。
◆ 微技能训练 ◆
Paragraph 13
Work with a veteran volunteer.He volunteered a lot，he can help you increase the confidence and completely understand the organization's expectations.
13．The underlined word “veteran” in this paragraph means “ ”．
A．polite B．humorous
C．young D．experienced
D
代词指代题(8年8考)
“就近原则”找指代
1．常见设问方式
(1)What does the underlined word “...” in Paragraph X refer to (8年4考)
(2)What does the underlined word “...” refer to (指代) (8年3考)
(3)What does the underlined word “...” refer to in the X paragraph (2014、T78)
2．解题技巧
◆ 典例剖析 ◆
(2021·江西阅读D节选)．..As the bowl slowly sinks (下沉)，it pulls a rope that moves a human figure.His moving pen shows the number of minutes past the hour.
Every half hour, the water bowl becomes full and sinks completely. This causes a ball to fall from the top of the clock.The movement of the ball causes a phoenix to move and make a sound.
67．What does the underlined word “This” in Paragraph 2 refer to
A．The pen moves.
B．The ball drops.
C．The bowl sinks completely.
D．The bowl pulls the rope.
剖析：画线单词上一句提到碗完全下沉，由此可推断此处是指碗完全下沉，从而导致球从钟表顶端掉下来。故选C。
◆ 微技能训练 ◆
Paragraph 14(2021·重庆A卷阅读D节选)
2021 is the year of the ox (牛)．In March, a set of stamps about the famous Tang Dynasty painting，Five Oxen，came out. It allows more people to know better the great art of ancient China, as well as the importance of agriculture (农业) in history.
14．The underlined word “It” in this paragraph refers to “ ”．
A．The year of the ox
B．The set of stamps
C．The Tang Dynasty
D．The painting Five Oxen
B
Paragraph 15(2021·眉山阅读D节选)
Firstly, paper bags and straws are made from trees.Trees, as you know, can reduce (减少) carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) levels in the atmosphere. They can slow down climate (气候) change.An increase in the use of paper bags can cause more acts of cutting down trees.
15．What does the underlined word “They” in this paragraph refer to
A．Plastic products. B．Trees.
C．Paper products. D．Businesses.
答案：B
主旨(段落)大意题(8年16考)
常见设问方式：
(1)What is the main idea of Paragraph X？(8年5考)
(2)What's the main idea of the X paragraph？(8年3考)
(3)What does Paragraph X mainly talk about？(2020、T72)
(4)What is the passage mainly about？(2021、T72)
(5)What's the main idea of this/the passage？(8年6考)
主题句定位法
◆ 典例剖析 ◆
(2021·江西阅读C节选)Today, many hospitals let specially trained dogs in to bring love and cheer to patients.Shaynee is a therapy (治疗) dog. She visits children who are in hospital.Dogs like Shaynee help patients feel calm and at peace, which can be hard in a busy hospital. They help both children and adults stay strong during long hospital stays, and, some suggest, even help them get better.
61．What is the main idea of this paragraph
A．Hospitals need many special dogs.
B．Dogs can take care of patients.
C．Patients need love in the hospital.
D．Doctors are too busy to see patients.
剖析：本段首句为该段主题句，介绍了如今许多医院允许特殊训练过的狗来帮助照顾病人，给病人带来爱和鼓励，由此可知本段大意为狗可以照顾病人。故选B。
◆ 微技能训练 ◆
Paragraph 16(2021·山西阅读B节选改编)
When looking at a pair of old chopsticks, most people would see nothing but waste.But Felix B ck would see boxes，tables, shelves and so on.
In 2016, Felix B ck, a doctoral student at the University of British Columbia, Canada, found out people threw away about 100,000 pairs of chopsticks every day in Vancouver alone.He felt the need to do something.So he started the company ChopValue in the same year...
B ck takes pride in his work.And he hopes the idea behind ChopValue will help people rethink what they see as waste.“I believe every small action can help，”he said.“And I am happy that my business provides a new way for people.”Hundreds of restaurants across North America pay a small sum of money to B ck for the recycling of their used chopsticks.B ck doesn't stop there.Now he is busy taking his business to more countries and has set up factories for recycling local wood like chopsticks in 10 countries.
16．What's the passage mainly about
A．The new way to rethink waste.
B．The plan for recycling local wood.
C．The advice about setting up a company.
D．The achievements of recycling local wood.
答案：A
标题归纳题(8年8考)
常见设问方式：
(1)What would be the best title for the passage？(8年6考)
(2)Which would be the best title for the passage (2017、T75, 2015、T75)
根据主题句提炼标题
◆ 典例剖析 ◆
(2020·江西阅读B节选)In 2007, Barrington Irving became the youngest person to fly alone around the world.He was just 23 years old—and he built the plane himself.How did he achieve this
67．What would be the best title for the passage
A．Becoming a Pilot B．Life in Flight School
C．Achieving a Dream D．Building Your Own Plane
剖析：本文首段点明Irving在23岁时成为世界上最年轻的独自环球飞行的人，在最后一句以特殊疑问句的形式提出：他是如何实现这个(梦想)的呢？由此表明环球飞行是Irving的梦想，后文全是围绕首段提出的问题进行阐述，因此文章的主题是关于实现梦想的。故选C。
◆ 微技能训练 ◆
Paragraph 17(2021·河南阅读C节选)
Every living thing needs to reproduce.Reproducing means creating more members of your group.In order for plants to reproduce，they have to spread their seeds (种子) to other areas.Plants have developed all kinds of ways to do this.
The simplest way is gravity.Many seeds are inside of fruit.When a piece of fruit gets too heavy, it falls from a tree to the ground...
Other plants use wind to spread their seeds.Dandelions (蒲公英) are a good example of this.Dandelion seeds are so light that when wind blows, it carries dandelion seeds to new places...
Some animals help plants spread their seeds.The animals eat the seeds.While the seed is in the animal's body，it stays whole.When the seed leaves the animal, it's in a new place…
17．What would be the best title for the passage
A．How Plants Spread Seeds
B．Why Animals Pick Up Seeds
C．How Wind Helps Seeds Spread
D．Why Seeds Have a Special Trip
答案：A
关键词定位法
考生在阅读文章时，要注意文章中反复出现或强调的信息，寻找与文章大多数内容相关的信息，找出覆盖全文的核心词汇，看选项内容是否切中文章的中心论题，也就是要看选项内容与作者的写作目的是否一致。
◆ 典例剖析 ◆
(2021·江西阅读B节选)British adventurer (冒险家) Alastair Humphreys had ridden his bike around the world, walked across India, and rowed (划船) from Africa to South America.In 2011, however, Humphreys had some of the biggest adventures of his life—and he never even left the United Kingdom.
For a year, Humphreys went on micro adventures—small, low cost trips close to home.Why did he do this “I started to think that it was possible to have an adventure anywhere，” he explains...
Humphreys wanted other people to make this discovery，too, so he decided to share his idea...
60．What would be the best title for the passage
A．A Big Challenge B．An Amazing Travel
C．Keep a Trip Record D．Go for a Micro adventure
剖析：通读全文可知，本文一直在围绕冒险进行讲述，文章的标题也应该含有“adventure”这个单词，因此本文的最佳标题应是“来一次微冒险吧”。故选D。
◆ 微技能训练 ◆
Paragraph 18(2021·安徽阅读E节选)
Do you ever give up easily in difficult situations If so, imagine yourself as someone with great abilities like Batman (蝙蝠侠)．It will help you feel strong.You will not give up easily and will probably do better.This is called the Batman Effect (效应)．
...
How can you make use of the Batman Effect Imagine yourself as someone who is the best for the task you are doing.If you're facing a personal difficulty, imagine yourself as a wise family member.If you're running a race at school，imagine yourself as a top runner.In this way, you can become a little more like the person you wish to be.
18．What would be the best title for the passage
A．Go and Do Research!
B．Come and Complete Tasks!
C．I Can Do It! I'm Batman!
D．You Can Help! You're a Helper!
答案：C
数字计算题(8年8考)
加减乘除巧破解
Step 1：分析题干，对应到原文；
Step 2：将题干中的关键信息和原文进行对比、分析、计算，得出正确答案；
Step 3：再次检查，确定答案。
◆ 典例剖析 ◆
(2018·江西阅读B节选)While many dancers start at the age of three, Copeland only began to study ballet in 1995 as a thirteen year old.People often told her that she was too old, or that she didn't have the perfect body type (She is only 157 cm tall)．..In 2007, she became a solo (单独的) performer, and in 2015 she became its principal dancer.
64．How old was Copeland when she became the principal dancer
A．13.　　　　　　　　 B．14.
C．25. D．33.
剖析：根据本段第一句可知，Copeland在1995年开始学芭蕾，当时她13岁，根据最后一句可知，她在2015年成为了首席舞蹈家，时间过去了20年，所以她成为首席舞蹈家时是33岁。故选D。
19．As a member, how much should you pay for six climbs
A．$32.40. B．$36.00.
C．$64.80. D．$72.00.
答案：A
句子排序题(8年8考)
根据文章细节进行排序
◆ 典例剖析 ◆
(2021·江西阅读D节选)
How Does the Elephant Clock Work
A bowl with a small hole floats (浮) in a water tank (水箱) inside the elephant's body.As the bowl slowly sinks (下沉)，it pulls a rope that moves a human figure.His moving pen shows the number of minutes past the hour.
Every half hour, the water bowl becomes full and sinks completely. This causes a ball to fall from the top of the clock.The movement of the ball causes a phoenix to move and make a sound.
The ball then drops out of a falcon's mouth into the mouth of a Chinese dragon.The weight of the ball causes the dragon's head to move down, and the dragon's tail pulls the water bowl back up.
Finally, the ball drops out of the dragon's mouth and into a vase.As the ball lands in the vase, the elephant driver moves and makes a sound. The cycle begins again until there are no more balls in the top of the clock.
68．How does the elephant clock work Put the steps in the correct order.
a．The ball drops into the vase.
b．The ball drops into the dragon's mouth.
c．The elephant driver moves and makes a sound.
d．After 30 minutes, a ball starts to fall from the top.
e．The bowl moves down in the water and pulls on ropes.
A．b－d－a－c－e　　　　　 B．e－d－b－a－c
C．a－e－b－d－c D．c－a－d－e－b
剖析：根据第一段可知：①碗慢慢下沉，拉动绳子；根据第二段可知：②30分钟后，碗里的水满了，小球从钟表顶部掉落；根据第三段可知：③球掉进了龙的嘴里；根据第四段第一句可知：④球从龙的嘴里掉出，又掉进花瓶里；根据第四段第二句可知：⑤球掉进花瓶里，大象传动器移动，发出声音。故选B。
◆ 微技能训练 ◆
Paragraph 20(2021·昆明阅读C节选)
The batteries can only be charged using the Solar Cow，so children have to go to school to get the electricity.Every day, children put their batteries into the bottom of their school's Solar Cow.They go to class while the batteries are being charged.At the end of the day, they take the charged batteries home.
20．What is the correct order for children to get the electricity for their families
a．Children go to school with batteries.
b．Children take the charged batteries home.
c．Children have classes while the batteries are being charged.
d．Children put the batteries into the bottom of their school's Solar Cow.
A．a－d－c－b B．a－c－d－b
C．b－d－c－a D．b－a－c－d
答案：A
文章结构题(8年2考)
根据文章整体内容
文章结构题主要考查学生对于语篇结构的理解。常见设问方式：Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage？文章结构题的解题步骤如下：
Step 1　通读全文，理清文章脉络，明确文章结构
(1)常见的文章结构有总分结构、分总结构、总分总结构；
(2)找出段落的中心词/句，了解段落大意；将表达相近意义的段落放在一起，进行结构划分。
Step 2　分析4个选项，确定答案
◆ 典例剖析 ◆
(2021·江西阅读C节选)Today, by carefully choosing dog parents, humans have created many different kinds of dogs.Each kind has its own look and talents, and its own role within human society.Here are three examples of “a dog's life” in the human world.
Today, many hospitals let specially trained dogs in to bring love and cheer to patients.Shaynee is a therapy (治疗) dog.She visits children who are in hospital.Dogs like Shaynee help patients feel calm and at peace, which can be hard in a busy hospital.They help both children and adults stay strong during long hospital stays, and, some suggest，even help them get better.
Today, some beagles (小猎犬) work in airports for the government. They are part of the program called the Beagle Brigade.A beagle is good for the work because of its powerful nose, and ability to follow smells...
While some dogs are working hard, others are free to spend their days resting and playing.Across the world，many pet dogs are treated like children.Many have their own rooms and all the things a dog could want...
Whether as workers or objects of affection (钟情)，dogs have become helpful to humans in many ways.There are plenty of advantages for the dog, too.Many kinds of wild dogs have nearly disappeared from the Earth.However, the domestic dog's special place as “man's best friend” has allowed it to survive (存活) in a human world.
64．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage
剖析：阅读全文可知，第一段总领全文，介绍有三种狗是被训练出来帮助人们的；第二段介绍了在医院帮助人们的狗；第三段介绍了在机场帮助人们的狗；第四段介绍了宠物狗；第五段总结全文，指出不管是哪种狗，都对人们有帮助。因此文章为总分总结构，可以分为三部分，分别为1、234、5。故选C。
◆ 微技能训练 ◆
Paragraph 21(2021·重庆B卷阅读D节选)
In September, 2020, I had the chance to come to China for the first time and visited Yunnan Province.
On the first day, we went to a village named Xiaopingzhai.I was amazed to discover that a small tea factory could bring in 6 million yuan a year with only 20 workers.
The next stop of our trip was the village of Kangmian.Many families now live there after leaving uninhabitable (不适合居住的) areas. The new village has 450 housing units.There I have learned that the government helps the people by providing jobs so that they can support themselves.Of the 1,331 villagers, 609 now have jobs.
In Shuiduichong, a traditional Yao ethnic (瑶族) group village, we visited the workshops for making silver ornaments (饰品) ...
A set of silver ornaments can be sold for between 10,000 and 20,000 yuan on the market.The making of silver ornaments creates jobs in the village.Shuiduichong now has more than 20 family workshops.
This trip was over. I have realized that through the hard work of the Chinese government, great changes have taken place in Yunnan.These impressive (印象深刻的) results should serve as an example for other developing countries.
21．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage
①＝Paragraph 1　②＝Paragraph 2
③＝Paragraph 3 ④＝Paragraph 4
⑤＝Paragraph 5 ⑥＝Paragraph 6
答案：D
句子还原题(8年2考)
根据前后文与空处的逻辑关系解答
◆ 典例剖析 ◆
(2021·江西阅读D节选)We know about al Jazari mostly from a book that he wrote. They include clocks and hand washing machines. The book also has drawings that show how each machine works.
66．Choose the best sentence to fill in the blank “ ” in this paragraph.
A．He became famous when he was a young man.
B．He invented a lot of everyday machines in history.
C．It describes a number of machines of all shapes and sizes.
D．People in Turkey enjoy reading his books in their free time.
剖析：空前提到al Jazari写的书，后文是对书的内容进行介绍，由此可推知空处应填与他写的书有关的内容。故选C。
◆ 微技能训练 ◆
Paragraph 22(2021·重庆A卷阅读D节选)
Five Oxen is one of the best animal paintings in China's art history. In the painting, the five oxen are in a line.They are of different colors and shapes. And each has a different appearance (形态)，walking or standing, holding their heads high or low.With lively expressions and bright eyes, the oxen show the spirit of doing hard work without complaints (抱怨)．
As the name suggests， ▲ .It makes people focus (关注) on the oxen themselves.
22．Which of the following sentences can be put in the ▲ .
A．the ox is very popular in the Tang Dynasty
B．the ox is a symbol of Chinese traditional culture
C．the painting is of the five oxen with no special background
D．the painting wants to tell people to work hard and creatively
答案：C
信息匹配题(8年2考)
此类试题考查考生对于信息匹配的掌握程度。在解答此类试题时，需要准确把握文章的事件及细节，按照题干中的要求将进行信息匹配的事件的关键词在文章中进行定位，搜寻对应的关键信息，通过文章细节进行匹配。
根据文章细节进行匹配
◆ 典例剖析 ◆
(2020·江西阅读D节选)
...
And in countries such as the USA, only 10% of teenagers spend time outside every day.Many doctors feel that this is a problem in the twenty first century.
...
Because of studies like these, some countries and cities want nature to be part of people's everyday life.In Dubai (迪拜), for example, there are plans for a new shopping mall with a large garden so shoppers can relax outside with trees, plants and water.In Switzerland，“forest schools” are popular.Schoolchildren study their subjects in the forests and do lots of exercise outside.And South Korea (韩国) is another good example: it has new forests near its cities and around 13 million people visit these forests every year.So after building cities for so long, perhaps it's now time to start rebuilding nature.
73．Match the countries or cities with the information and choose the right answer.
①the USA a．Children study in the forests and do lots of activities outside.
②Dubai b．About 13 million people visit new forests near its cities every year.
③Switzerland c．A new shopping mall with a large garden will be built.
④South Korea d．10% of teenagers spend time outside every day.
A．①—a　②—d　③—b　④—c
B．①—d　②—c　③—a　④—b
C．①—a　②—c　③—d　④—b
D．①—d　②—c　③—b　④—a
剖析：①根据“And in countries...outside every day.”可知，在美国这样的国家，只有10%的青少年每天在户外活动；②根据“In Dubai...and water.”可知，迪拜计划建造一个带有大花园的新购物中心，购物者可以在户外享受树木、植物和水；③根据“In Switzerland...do lots of exercise outside.”可知，在瑞士，森林学校很受欢迎。学生们在森林里学习他们的课程，并在户外做很多运动；④根据“And South Korea...forests every year.”可知，韩国是另一个很好的例子：城市附近有新的森林，每年约有1 300万人参观这些森林。故选B。
◆ 微技能训练 ◆
Paragraph 23
Every country has special celebrations to mark transitions (转变) in life.Here are three examples of important days for young people in different countries.
Do you remember your first day in school Many children feel scared, but in Germany, things are different.Their first day in school, when they are six, is a big celebration called Schulanfang...
Girls in Mexico and other countries in Latin America are very excited about their fifteenth birthday.For them, it marks the transition from girls to young women, and there is a special celebration called the Quince Anos...
For young people in Japan, their twentieth birthday is very important, because that is when they become adults.There is a national holiday called Coming of Age Day to celebrate this.On the second Sunday in January, each city has a ceremony for people who had their twentieth birthday last year...
23．Match the countries with the celebrations and choose the right answer.
①Germany　 a．A special celebration called the Quince Anos.
②Latin America b．A big celebration called Schulanfang.
③Japan c．A national holiday called Coming of Age Day.
A．①—c　②—a　③—b B．①—a ②—c ③—b
C．①—a ②—b ③—c D．①—b ②—a ③—c
答案：D