2023年江西中考英语复习 专题七　形容词和副词课件(共72张PPT)

(共72张PPT)
专题七　形容词和副词
知识导图
江西省中考八年命题规律及趋势
中考预测
从近八年江西中考来看，形容词和副词是每年的必考点，中考对这个考点主要集中在单项填空和完形填空这两大题型上。考查的知识点为形容词词义辨析和副词词义辨析，形容词转化为副词以及比较级和最高级的辨析上。
形容词和副词词义辨析
[考点剖析]
一、形容词的用法及位置
说明人或事物的特征、性质或状态，常用来修饰名词或不定代词的词叫形容词。
1．作定语，放在名词之前，复合不定代词之后。
The nice girl is my sister.这个漂亮的女孩是我妹妹。
I have something important to tell you.我有一些重要的事情要告诉你。
[注意]　有少数形容词只能作表语，不能作定语，如alone、afraid、asleep、awake、alive、well等。
2．作表语，放在系动词之后。
He looks very happy.他看起来很开心。
3．作宾语补足语，放在宾语之后，常与make、leave、keep等动词连用。
You must keep your eyes closed.你必须闭上眼睛。
二、某些形容词说明事物间的关系，如方位、时间、用途等，没有比较级的变化。
三、副词的作用、构成、分类和位置
1．副词的作用
副词是表示行为特征或性质及状态特征的词。主要用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句。在句中主要用作状语。
Sometimes we're very busy.有时候我们非常忙。
2．副词的构成
构成 例词
与形容词同形 low；fast；late；early；much；deep；little；hard；only；back；just；well；enough；long；high
形容词后直接加 ly quick—quickly；polite—politely
构成 例词
“辅音字母＋y”结尾的形容词，改y为i，再加 ly happy—happily；angry—angrily；
busy—busily；lucky—luckily
辅音字母加le结尾时，去e加y simple—simply；gentle—gently；
terrible—terribly
少数以e结尾的形容词，要去掉e再加 ly true—truly；due—duly
[注意]　(1)有些以ly结尾的词是形容词而非副词，如motherly、lovely、lively、friendly、lonely。
(2)有些副词有两种形式，其中一种形式与形容词相同，另一种形式是在形容词后加 ly，意义有区别。常见的有：
close adj./adv.靠近 closely adv.密切地
high adj./adv.高 highly adv.高度地
free adj./adv.免费 freely adv.自由地
late adj./adv.晚；迟 lately adv.近来
deep adj./adv.深 deeply adv.深刻地；非常
near adj./adv.邻近 nearly adv.几乎；将近
hard adj./adv.努力；硬 hardly adv.几乎不
most adj./adv.最 mostly adv.主要地
wide adj./adv.宽阔 widely adv.广泛地
3.副词的分类和位置
分类 位置 例词
时间副词 一般放
在句末 now现在；then那时；today今天；tomorrow明天；yesterday昨天；before以前；ago之前；soon很快；once曾经，以前；at first首先；at last最后；just now刚才；at once立刻，马上
分类 位置 例词
频度副词 行为动词之前或助动词、情态动词及be动词之后 twice两次；daily每天；weekly每周；every day每天；every week每周；every month每月；always总是(2015、T46)；usually通常；often经常；sometimes有时；never从来不；again又一次，再一次(2019、T52)
分类 位置 例词
地点副词 一般放在句末 here在这儿；there在那儿；upstairs楼上；downstairs楼下；above在上边；behind在后边；everywhere每个地方；anywhere任何地方
方式副词 放在不及物动词之后或及物动词之前 well好地，优质地(2015、T56)；badly坏地，劣质地；fast快速地；hard努力地；happily快乐地；loudly大声地；luckily幸运地；politely礼貌地；quickly快速地；really真正地；safely安全地；slowly缓慢地
分类 位置 例词
程度
副词 放在被修饰的形容词或副词前，情态动词或助动词之后；enough修饰形容词或副词时需后置 quite相当，完全，十分；rather相当，颇；very非常；much许多；a lot许多；a little一点，一些；a bit少量；enough足够；hardly几乎不；almost大多数
分类 位置 例词
疑问副词 疑问副词常用来构成特殊疑问句，通常放在句首 疑问副词(词组)有when、where、why、how、how long、how soon、how often、how far等
关系副词 用来引导从句，放在句中 关系副词有when、where、why
四、形容词和副词辨析
从近几年江西中考来看，形容词词义辨析和副词词义辨析为必考点。在单项填空部分是隔年交叉考查。在完形填空部分中形容词词义辨析和副词词义辨析都是必考点，而且越来越注重在具体语言环境下词义的区别。解答语境类辨析题，首先要确定各选项的含义，然后分析语境和逻辑关系，最后确定选项。
[考点抢测]
1．What news! We've never had such a long vacation before.
A．missing　　　　　　　 B．boring
C．worrying D．exciting
2．What you say when you are may hurt others, so you should calm down at this time.
A．smart B．angry
C．sick D．afraid
D
B
3．—Paul，do you prefer weekdays or weekends
—Weekdays，of course.I'm much on weekends.
A．smarter B．busier
C．slower D．quicker
B
4．—The song My Motherland and I is very in China.
—Yes.Chinese like to sing this song to show their love of being Chinese.
A．expensive B．clear
C．popular D．correct
C
5．The gift from my friend is getting old ，but I still like it very much.
A．fully B．suddenly
C．slowly D．exactly
C
形容词和副词的比较等级
[考点剖析]
形容词、副词的比较等级的构成
1．规则变化的形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级
一般单音节词末尾加 er、 est small
fast
quick smaller
faster
quicker smallest
fastest
quickest
构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级
以不发音的e结尾的单音节词加 r、 st nice
fine nicer
finer nicest
finest
以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的双音节单词，先把y变为i，再加 er、 est early
happy earlier
happier earliest
happiest
构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级
以单个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节的单词，双写末尾的字母再加 er、 est red
big
thin redder
bigger
thinner reddest
biggest
thinnest
部分双音节词或多音节词在原级前加more、most interesting
important more interesting
more important most interesting
most important
2.不规则变化的形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
原级 比较级 最高级
good/well better best
bad/badly worse worst
many/much more most
little less least
far farther/further farthest/furthest
old older/elder oldest/eldest
3.形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的用法
句型 意义 例句
as＋形容
词/副词原
级＋as 表示两者比较，程度相同，“as...as”结构前可以带表示程度的状语，像quite、almost、half、twice、nearly等 This book is almost/ nearly as thick as that one.这本书几乎同那本一样厚。
句型 意义 例句
as＋形容词/副词原级＋as 如果形容词修饰单数可数名词，应用“as＋形容词/副词原级＋a(n)＋可数名词单数形式＋as” Tom is as good a person as his uncle.汤姆和他叔叔一样是个好人。
如果指同一个人或物，意为“不但……而且……” Li Mei is as beautiful as she is clever.李梅不但聪明而且漂亮。
句型 意义 例句
not as/so＋形容词/副词原级＋as 表示两者相比，一方不及另一方 This village isn't as/so big as that one.这个村子没有那个村子大。
形容词(副词)比较级＋than 表示两者进行比较 The sun is bigger than the earth.太阳比地球大。
She usually gets up earlier than others. 她通常比别人起得早。
句型 意义 例句
比较级＋and＋比较级 意为“越来越……”，多音节的用“more and more＋形容词或副词原级” Our country is becoming more and more beautiful. 我们的国家变得越来越美了。
句型 意义 例句
the＋比较级，the＋比较级 意为“越……，越……”，如果“the＋比较级”修饰名词作定语，名词要紧跟在比较级之后 The busier the old man is，the happier he feels.那位老人越忙，他就感觉越高兴。
句型 意义 例句
具体数字(如倍数)＋as...as... 意为“是……的……倍” The city is three times as big as my hometown.这个城市是我家乡的三倍大。
具体数字、实物、倍数等＋比较级＋than 表示形容词与具体倍数等的比较 He is a head taller than me.他比我高一头。
句型 意义 例句
形容词最高级＋介词短语(比较范围) 意为“(三者或三者以上)最……的” He is the tallest boy in our class.他是我们班最高的男孩。
副词最高级＋介词短语(比较范围) 意为“(三者或三者以上)最……的” He works hardest in his class.他是班上学习最用功的一个。
[考点抢测]
1．My father thinks writing is as as reading.So he often writes some passages to record our life.
A．interesting B．interested
C．more interesting D．more interested
A
2．—It's hot today，isn't it
—Yes.I can't stand hot weather，but it will be .
A．hot B．cold
C．hotter D．colder
3．Actions are more important than words.People who know always say least.
A．worse B．worst
C．more D．most
C
D
江西省八年真题明考法
形容词词义辨析
1．(2022·江西)I only got four hours of sleep last night, so I feel _____
today.
A．tired　　　　　　　　 B．lonely
C．hungry D．proud
A
2．(2018·江西)Susan never gets upset when she has to wait in line.She is very .
A．shy B．honest
C．funny D．patient
3．(2016·江西)He won in the story competition and his parents were very .
A．smart B．proud
C．sorry D．upset
D
B
[规律总结]
分析江西近8年中考真题可知，形容词词义辨析在单项填空和完形填空A中考查，主要考查形容词在具体语境中的词义辨析。
副词词义辨析
1．(2021·江西)Sue works ，so she never seems to make mistakes.
A．late B．alone
C．happily D．carefully
D
2．(2020·江西)Tina drives to work.But today she drives because of the rain.
A．always B．often
C．sometimes D．hardly
D
3．(2019·江西)Peter spoke so that I could hardly hear him.
A．loudly B．quietly
C．clearly D．patiently
4．(2017·江西)Sleeping is a good thing, but some people sleep .
A．easily B．badly
C．quickly D．well
B
B
[规律总结]
分析江西近8年中考真题可知，副词词义辨析在单项填空和完形填空A中考查，主要考查副词在具体语境中的词义辨析。
形容词和副词的比较等级
1．(2022·江西)—Who do you think will win the race, Bob or Tom
—It must be Bob. I think he runs .
A．faster　　　　　　　　 B．fastest
C．more slowly D．most slowly
A
2．(2021·江西)—Are you going to the airport by bus
—I'd rather take a taxi.It's .
A．quicker B．cheaper
C．the quickest D．the cheapest
A
3．(2020·江西)I'm pretty good at tennis.Actually，I'm probably______
in the club.
A．worse B．good
C．better D．the best
4．(2019·江西)—What do you think of the band's performance
—It could be .I think they're feeling very nervous.
A．good B．better
C．bad D．worse
D
B
[规律总结]
分析江西近8年中考真题可知，形容词和副词的比较级主要在单项填空中考查，在完形填空A中考查了1次(2015、T41)，且需结合语境考虑，才能得出正确答案。
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．Your advice is very to me.I'm sure our activity will be more meaningful.
A．terrible　　　　　　　 B．common
C．impossible D．useful
D
2．The boy was very because he got the first place in the swimming competition.
A．sad B．careful
C．creative D．pleased
D
3．—Diana, I forget new words quickly.How can I remember them
—Don't worry.It's to forget new words! I suggest you read the words and try to use them.
A．rude B．perfect
C．natural D．real
C
4．—Why not ask Bob to join us in the trip to the zoo tomorrow
—Everyone in our group loves animals，but he is of animals.
A．proud B．full
C．sure D．afraid
D
5．—I heard your uncle and aunt have moved to the countryside.
—Yes.They think the life in the countryside is .
A．harder B．easier
C．quieter D．quicker
C
6．—Have you heard about the book Learn English Tell China's Stories
—Of course！It's a book because it helps English learners spread Chinese culture.
A．traditional B．meaningful
C．social D．private
B
7．I didn't understand why my parents were me when I was young. But now I know they just care about me.
A．proud of B．strict with
C．worry about D．nice to
B
8．As students，we should ourselves.We can't spend much time playing games.
A．be responsible for B．be nervous about
C．be polite to D．be angry with
9．Our English teacher every student.She takes us as her own children.
A．is good at B．is sure about
C．is bad for D．is patient with
A
D
10．My sister always communicates with others .She can start a conversation with strangers and become friends with people around her.
A．correctly B．honestly
C．actively D．cleverly
C
11．—How do you feel about your hometown
—It's beautiful， in winter.
A．nearly B．deeply
C．properly D．especially
D
12．—How do you plan your time，David
—I usually make a to do list in the morning，and then I can know my tasks.
A．perfectly B．clearly
C．luckily D．totally
B
13．My brother has a healthy living habit.He stays up late，and he is an early bird.
A．almost B．hardly
C．just D．once
14．I have a pen pal, and we communicate by e mail to talk about something.
A．only B．even
C．nearly D．rather
B
A
15． say that English is too difficult for us to learn.We can learn it well with efforts.
A．Always B．Sometimes
C．Often D．Never
16．In modern society, people are too busy to get enough sleep every day.
A．seldom B．often
C．hardly D．ever
D
B
17．What a pity！When I went to the station，the bus had left.I had to wait for next one.
A．already B．soon
C．still D．once
18．The living room becomes as the sunlight comes in through the windows.
A．bigger B．big
C．bright D．brighter
A
D
19．Our coach was satisfied with us because our team played much
than before.
A．good B．well
C．better D．best
C
20．The Yellow River is the second river of our country，which is regarded as our mother river.
A．longer B．longest
C．shorter D．shortest
B
Ⅱ.选词填空
1．(2022·江西)Wearing a spacesuit and carrying special and ________ equipment(装备), she walked several kilometers through the hot and sandy desert.
heavy
2．(2022·江西)Natalie is _______ to see that people are replying to her app actively—especially those who suffer from bullying (遭受欺凌)．
3．(2021·江西)Light gives plants energy.But light isn't always _____.
4．(2021·江西)The covers are a small change.But they can _____ have a positive (正面的) effect.
happy
good
still
5．(2020·江西)Science is _________ for all of us，as it helps us understand our world and we can learn about it inside or outside of the classroom.
6．(2019·江西)If the person is ________ ，say that you will put the caller through to them.
7．(2018·江西)Mars has seasons with ________ weather，but other planets have the same temperatures all year round.
important
available
different
8．(2018·江西)These rovers (探测器) can also use cameras and send photos _____ to Earth.
9．(2017·江西)The stress might make students feel ________，but it also makes them focused.
10．(2017·江西)Of course，too much stress is ________ to our bodies and minds.
back
nervous
harmful
Ⅲ.完形填空A(微语篇)
Do you know World Smile Day World Smile Day is 1 on the first Friday of October every year.It is a day to make others smile, and to make sure you have a 2 smile on your face as well.
It all started back in 1963 with the creation of the smiley face. Harvey Ball is an artist who created it to make people 3 .It began as a bright yellow circle with two dots (圆点) and a curvy (弯曲的) black line. The two dots are eyes and the curvy black line is a smiling mouth. In 1999，Harvey came up with the idea of the smiley face for World Smile Day. He thought all of us should spend one day each year in smiles and 4 acts.
There are many things you can do on the day to make people around you smile.You can do some things that are 5 kindness，like buying a stranger a cup of coffee，giving your seat to someone on the bus，etc.You can also cook a meal for your family 6 .
World Smile Day encourages you to do more things to bring smiles into the world.If we do this, we can make the world a 7 place to live.
1．A.usually B．never
C．sometimes D．seldom
答案：A
2．A.shy B．silent
C．sweet D．lucky
答案：C
3．A.happy B．serious
C．nervous D．careless
答案：A
4．A.strange B．kind
C．funny D．perfect
答案：B
5．A.certain about B．ready for
C．related to D．strict with
答案：C
6．A.blindly B．deeply
C．secretly D．actually
答案：C
7．A.faster B．harder
C．wiser D．nicer
答案：D