2023年江西中考英语复习 专题八　动词及短语动词课件(共70张PPT)

(共70张PPT)
专题八　动词及短语动词
知识导图
江西省中考八年命题规律及趋势
中考预测
从近八年江西中考来看，动词和短语动词是每年的必考点，单项填空、完形A和完形B都有涉及这个知识点。单项填空和完形A主要涉及实义动词和短语动词的词义辨析，完形B主要涉及动词的适当形式填空。
动词的分类及辨析
[考点剖析]
动词按照含义及其在句中的作用分为四类，即行为动词(也称实义动词)、(连)系动词、助动词和情态动词。情态动词将在“专题九”中具体讲解。江西中考侧重于实义动词词义辨析的考查，偶尔也涉及实义动词形式变化。动词作为句子的核心成分，学生应重点掌握。
一、动词的分类和用法
1．实义动词的用法(及物动词与不及物动词)
实义动词是能独立作谓语的动词。按其是否直接跟宾语分为及物动词(vt.)和不及物动词(vi.)；按是否具有延续性分为延续性动词和短暂性动词。
(1)及物动词
及物动词本身意义不完整，需要接宾语才能使其意思表达完整，如reach、ask、return、love、need。具体用法为：
①动词＋宾语
He reached Canada yesterday.他昨天到达加拿大。
②动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语
They asked me to go fishing with them.
他们让我和他们一起去钓鱼。
I saw the children play in the park yesterday.
昨天我看见孩子们在公园里玩。
[注意]　带省略to的动词不定式或动词 ing形式作宾语补足语的常考动词有make、let、have、see、watch、notice、hear等。
③动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语
I will return him the storybook.
我准备把故事书还给他。
[注意]　带双宾语的常考动词有give、bring、buy、get、leave、lend、make、offer、pass、teach、tell、reach、return等。
(2)不及物动词
不及物动词本身意思完整，无须接宾语，构成“主语＋谓语”的句型，如swim、come、go、run、travel等；若后面接宾语，必须与介词连用。
Lucy is swimming.露西正在游泳。
I am waiting for you at the school gate.
我正在校门口等你。
[注意]　有些动词既可作及物动词，又可作不及物动词。
We study English.我们学习英语。(及物动词)
We study hard.我们努力学习。(不及物动词)
The little girl is singing an English song.这个小女孩正在唱一首英语歌曲。(及物动词)
The little girl sings well.这个小女孩唱歌很好。(不及物动词)
2．系动词的用法(共考查7次)
系动词不能单独作谓语，必须和表语一起构成谓语，说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份。
(1)常考系动词的分类
类别 功能 例词
表示状态 表示主语所处的状态 am，is，are，was，were
类别 功能 例词
表示持续 表示主语继续或保持某种身份和状态 keep，remain，stay，stand，lie
表示感官 表示人体感官的系动词 look，feel，smell，taste，sound
表示状态变化 表示主语从一种状态变换到另一种状态 become，get，go，grow，turn
(2)常见用法的注意事项
①一般情况下，系动词没有被动语态形式。
②表示状态的系动词一般不用于进行时(feel除外)；变化系动词表示“渐渐……”，可用于进行时。
It's getting warmer and warmer.天气渐渐变得暖和起来。
3．助动词的用法(共考查5次)
助动词本身没有意义或意义不完全，不能单独作谓语。助动词在句中与实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语，以表示时态、语态、人称和数。此外，还可以用来构成否定、疑问或强调的句型。具体用法见下表：
分类 作用
be am/is/are＋现在分词→现在进行时
was/were＋现在分词→过去进行时
be＋过去分词→被动语态
do 形式有do、does、did，用于构成疑问句和否定句，或用在动词前加强语气
分类 作用
have have/has＋过去分词→现在完成时
had＋过去分词→过去完成时
have＋been＋现在分词→现在完成进行时
will/shall will/shall＋动词原形→一般将来时
would/should＋动词原形→过去将来时
[注意]　will、would、shall、should除了表示单纯的将来时间以外，更多的是用作情态动词。
4．情态动词的用法
(具体用法和习题详见“专题九　情态动词”)
二、动词的基本形式
英语动词有五种基本形式，即动词原形、第三人称单数(一般现在
时)、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。
形式 构成 例词
动词原形 不带to的动词不定式形式 be，do，have，come
第三人
称单数 一般在动词原形后直接加 s work→works read→reads
以s、o、x、sh、ch结尾的动词，后加 es go→goes wash→washes
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，应将y改为i再加 es fly→flies study→studies
形式 构成 例词
过去式与过去分词 一般在动词原形后直接加 ed work→worked
stay→stayed
在以e结尾的动词后只加 d close→closed
like→liked
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，应将y改为i再加 ed study→studied
carry→carried
以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写此辅音字母再加 ed stop→stopped
plan→planned
形式 构成 例词
现在分词 一般在动词原形后直接加 ing sleep→sleeping
wait→waiting
以不发音的e结尾的动词，去e再加 ing smile→smiling
move→moving
以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写此辅音字母再加 ing sit→sitting
dig→digging
plan→planning
少数以ie结尾的动词，变ie为y，再加 ing tie→tying
lie→lying
[考点抢测]
1．The price of vegetables so quickly because of the heavy snow.
A．affords　　　　　　　 B．rises
C．improves D．drops
B
2．You should the challenge as a chance.Don't be afraid but try your best to make it.
A．turn B．take
C．imagine D．become
B
3．—The music so beautiful.
—Yeah, you're right.It's nice to enjoy music in the music hall.
A．feels B．looks
C．sounds D．hears
C
短语动词
[考点剖析]
短语动词在意义上相当于一个实义动词。短语动词辨析是近年来各省市中考常考点。分析江西近八年中考真题可知，短语动词的考查形式主要有三种：同一动词＋不同介词/副词；不同动词＋同一介词/副词；不同动词＋不同介词/副词。主要在单项填空和完形填空A中考查。学生要牢记一些常考短语动词，根据语境灵活运用。
一、同一动词＋不同介词/副词(少数示例：动词＋名词/形容词)
get短语
get up起床；起来　get off下车　　get to 到达
get on进行；上车　get over克服　　get into 进入
get together相聚　get lost迷路　　get away 逃离
get back返回；回来　get out of离开；从……出来
get along/on with sb.与某人相处
get used to习惯于　get dressed穿上衣服
put短语
put up搭建；张贴　　 put on穿上；增加(体重)
put out熄灭 put away把……收好
put down写下；记下 put off推迟；使反感
put back 放回原处 put up with忍受；忍耐
take短语
take up从事；占据　 take action采取行动
take off起飞；脱下 take down拆除；往下拽；记录
take out取出 take place发生
take in吸入；吞入 take part in 参加
take over接管 take care of照顾
take care保重；小心 take after 与……长得像
take a walk散步 take pride in以……为荣
take a message for sb.给某人捎个口信；传话
turn短语
turn on打开 turn off关闭
turn up开大；调高 turn down 调低；关小；拒绝
turn out 结果是 turn into 变成
turn to转向；求助于 turn over 翻身；翻转
turn around 转身；调头 turn one's back to背对；背弃
look短语(2019、T42)
look after照料，照顾 look for寻找，寻求
look at看 look like看起来像
look around四处环顾 look out当心
look over仔细检查 look through快速查看；浏览
look up to钦佩；仰慕 look forward to期待，盼望
look up(在词典、参考书中或通过电脑)查阅；抬头看
二、不同动词＋同一介词/副词
动词＋about
care about关心；在乎　　 hear about听说
know about 了解 think about 考虑
talk about 谈论 worry about 担心
动词＋away
die away 逐渐消失 give away赠送
run away逃跑 put away把……收好
动词＋down
cut down砍倒；削减 knock down撞倒
lie down 躺下 let...down使……失望
write down写下；记下
动词＋off
break off 中断 cut off阻挡；割掉
pay off还清债务 fall off从……掉下
keep off不接近 see...off送行
show off 炫耀 put off推迟；使反感
shut off 关掉
动词＋up
add up 加起来 call up打电话
bring up养育 cheer up使振奋
clear up 整理 clean up打扫
dress up打扮 end up结束；告终
eat up吃光 cut up切碎
set up创建；创办 grow up成长
speed up加速 fix up安装；修理
give up放弃 hang up挂起来
mix up混合 make up组成；编造
stand up 起立 pick up拾起；搭载
show up出现；露面 stay up熬夜
take up 从事；占据 come up发生；破土而出
动词＋out
come out出来；出版 cut out 切掉
go out 出去 set out出发；开始
point out 指出 find out 找出
hand out 发放；分发 hang out 闲逛
leave out忽略；不包括
run out用完；用尽 bring out 使显现
sell out 卖完；售完 work out 成功地发展；解决
三、不同动词＋不同介词/副词
arrive in/at 到达 dream of 梦想
depend on依靠；信赖 hand in上交
return to 返回 hold out伸出
deal with对付；应付 hear from 收到……的来信
[考点抢测]
1．—You have plenty of homework，don't you
—Yeah，it the little time I have outside of school.
A．makes up B．takes up
C．turns down D．breaks down
B
2．The doctor the crying baby girl and finally found out what was wrong with her.
A．looked over B．looked after
C．looked for D．looked at
A
3．—Don't you think her radio is too loud
—Yeah，I'll go and ask her to .
A．turn it up B．turn it down
C．turn it on D．turn it over
B
4．On the first day of Chinese New Year，we new clothes and visit relatives or friends.
A．pick up B．put on
C．take off D．throw away
B
5．—Mum，I won first prize in the speech competition!
—Wonderful! As long as you yourself and keep trying，you will succeed.
A．dress up B．believe in
C．pick up D．leave out
B
6．Tina comes to China in order to experience Chinese culture and
which university is the best for her to attend.
A．put out B．stay out
C．find out D．run out
C
7．Stephen Hawking，a great scientist，had a strong will (意志)．His serious illness never him living a meaningful and colorful life.
A．stopped；from B．protected；from
C．saved；from D．learned；from
A
8．—Sorry，the plane will take off soon.Please your mobile phone，sir.
—OK，I will.
A．turn down B．shut off
C．give up D．put away
B
9．As the monitor of the class，one of my jobs is to the prizes.
A．pass on B．set up
C．take over D．hand out
10．—Shall we drive to Uncle John
—That's not necessary.He will come here by taxi.
A．see off B．pick up
C．look for D．care about
D
B
江西省八年真题明考法
动词词义辨析
1．(2022·江西) me, I'll show you the way.
A．Follow　　　　　　　　 B．Forget
C．Leave D．Punish
A
2．(2021·江西)These beautiful animals are endangered. We must
them.
A．save B．show
C．stop D．catch
A
3．(2020·江西)The performer because there was too much noise coming from the crowd.
A．continued B．relaxed
C．stopped D．won
C
4．(2019·江西)You'll have to the books because there aren't enough for everyone.
A．pack B．sell
C．choose D．share
D
[规律总结]
分析江西近8年中考真题可知，动词词义辨析在单项填空和完形填空A中考查实义动词词义辨析，单项填空中考查6次，完形填空A中考查23次。
[解题贴士]
考生在解答语境辨析类试题时，首先要明确四个动词的含义，然后分析语境，找出关键词前后的逻辑关系，最后确定正确答案。
短语动词
(2014·江西)Recycling is good, so don't bottles or newspapers.
A．find out B．hand in
C．use up D．throw away
D
[规律总结]
分析江西近8年中考真题可知，短语动词辨析在单项填空中考查了1次混合型(2014、T38)；在完形填空A中考查了1次同一动词型(2019、T42)和3次混合型。
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2021·东营改编)The Tokyo Olympics was held from July 23rd to August 8th in 2021.Chinese athletes (运动员) 155 events.
A．took part in　　　　　 B．took care of
C．took pride in D．paid attention to
A
2．Mr.Wang often helps us what we have learned in last lesson before starting a new lesson.
A．copy B．use
C．review D．read
C
3．—Would you mind your phone number I don't hear clearly.
—No problem.You can call me at 8323666.
A．repeating B．passing
C．finishing D．leaving
A
4．I know what you are thinking about.I can your mind from the look on your face.
A．stay B．spare
C．read D．borrow
C
5．Pay no attention to those who laugh at you.What most is how you see yourself.
A．repeats B．matters
C．cares D．minds
B
6．—I've tried hard at my schoolwork but still .
—Don't be upset.Sometimes losing is only a sign that you really tried.
A．failed B．worried
C．guessed D．succeeded
A
7．I like walking in the garden. Because the flowers so good，which makes me relaxed.
A．taste B．smell
C．sound D．look
B
8．Earth Day is on April 22nd every year.It is created to remind people to the earth—the home to all living things.
A．cut up B．get away
C．care about D．put forward
C
Ⅱ.完形填空A(微语篇)
Cloze 1
Last July，it was my fourth time that I had visited the Natural Park nearby.While walking down one of the streets，I 1 to see a nest (鸟巢) hanging over a tree.Two birds were flying around and making noises.I saw there were baby birds in the nest.It 2 like they were going to fall.
I found a stick，but it could not reach the nest.It was too high up on the tree.Then，I climbed up and pushed the nest back onto the safe place. The mother and father birds flew around my head, warning me to 3 their kids.They were afraid that I would hurt their babies.
I 4 again the next day.When I walked to the tree，I noticed the mother bird feeding one little bird.How happy I was!
1．A.seemed B．happened
C．decided D．planned
答案：B
2．A.sounded B．tasted
C．smelt D．looked
答案：D
3．A.bring up B．take out
C．keep off D．turn down
答案：C
4．A.visited B．refused
C．avoided D．moved
答案：A
Cloze 2
There's a toy that we are pleased to get at any age.It 1 so soft, warm, lovely...It's the teddy bear! The name—Teddy—is in honor of the twenty sixth President of America Theodore Roosevelt.
It is said that nearly 100 years ago，President Roosevelt went on a bear hunt. The people who 2 the hunt wanted to make it successfully. But after three days，no bears were found.The next day an old bear 3 . The hunt dogs attacked (攻击) it and the guide tied the bear to a tree and 4 the President.Here was a bear for him to shoot！The president refused. He said it would not be right.The famous cartoonist Clifford Berryman 5 a work about this bear hunt.Besides，a shopkeeper named Morris Michtom received an agreement from the President to make a small toy to symbolize this event as well.
1．A.feels B．tastes
C．smells D．sounds
答案：A
2．A.ordered B．organized
C．praised D．refused
答案：B
3．A.turned up B．set out
C．lived on D．put away
答案：A
4．A.looked at B．took out
C．called for D．made up
答案：C
5．A.brought B．invited
C．spread D．created
答案：D