2023年江西中考英语复习 题型二　(二)7选5还原短文型阅读理解课件(共25张PPT)

(共25张PPT)
(二)7选5还原短文型阅读理解
分析江西近八年中考真题可知，7选5还原短文型阅读理解主要有以下命题特点：
1．词数：约300词，2021年词数约380词；生词量：2～8个；段落：4～7段。
2．文体及话题：①说明文(10年5考)，话题涉及百科知识(10年3考)、异国文化(2017)、做法建议(2012)；②议论文(10年3考)，话题为观点看法；③记叙文(2014)，话题为人物故事；④应用文(2013)，语篇形式为书信。
3．设空位置：在文中均匀分布，每段1空(除2015年外)。段落首句设空0～3处，段中设空1～5处，段尾设空0～2处。
4．命题特点：
设空类型一般可分为细节句(上下文逻辑意义)、衔接过渡句(文章结构)和主旨概括句(主题句、段落标题)三类：
①细节句通常出现在段中，考查的是段落内部句子之间，特别是前后句之间的逻辑关系。
②衔接过渡句通常出现在首段的结尾或段落中间。
③主旨概括句的设空位置一般在段首，对段落主题句进行考查。有时也会考查文章主旨句，文章主旨句往往概括了全文的大意。
◆ 典例剖析 ◆
The Value of Negative Results
We all avoid failure (失败)，and most of us fear it.However, without failure，progress would be impossible.What does success usually come after Failure.It seems that one cannot exist (存在) without the other.
Accepting failure is not easy for many, though.We are often unwilling to accept failure because our professional fame depends on success. 73 In the past ten years, for
学习并取得成就，空格前后句意存在转折关系，F项符合语境，尤其是关键词However能承上启下，体现出空格前后的转折关系。故选F。
example, some scientific magazines have published reports of failed tests.It is believed that scientists can learn from “negative (负面的)” results and that this can finally lead to positive results.
74 The ABN AMRO bank started an Institute (机构) of Brilliant Failures to learn
空处位于句首，可考虑本段主题句。空后为两个商业事例：①The ABN AMRO bank(荷兰银行)成立“辉煌的失败研究机构”来学习银行业的成功与失败；②Eli Lilly and Company(美国礼来公司)分析失效药物。D项“商界早已明白失败结果的正面作用”能够作为本段的主题句。故选D。
more about what works and what doesn't in banking.Similarly, Eli Lilly and Company had failure parties to study the drugs (药物) that don't work.
In fact, one of the business world's most famous failures became one of its biggest successes, in part because the product's makers learned from their mistakes. 75 The
第一句为本段主题句，因此本段主要介绍商界中的最著名的失败案例之一。C项中的“Apple Newton”能够承接下一句中的“the product”，同时也能引出下文对于这个产品的介绍。故选C。
product, though unique (独特的) at the time, was expensive and heavy; besides, some of its most important features (特点) didn't work properly.As a result, it became one of Apple's biggest failures, and in 1998, the company stopped selling it.However, Apple's CEO，Steve Jobs, believed in the product and he began to find out ways of improving it.In time, this led to the production of the iPhone and the iPad, two of the company's most successful products.
76 Not only should we try to learn from it; if we want to succeed, we must also
空处位于本段首句，可考虑为本段主题句或承上启下句。通读本段可知，作者介绍了苹果公司从Apple Newton中汲取教训，并通过坚持不懈的努力最终成功研发出了iPhone系列手机。G项“Apple Newton的故事教给我们一个关于失败的重要课程”承上启下。故选G。
be persistent (执着的)．Though Apple stopped selling the Newton in 1998, the first iPhone wasn't available until 2007.It took a lot of research and hard work to go from Apple Newton to iPhone, but in the end, the effort became successful.
All in all, there is a lot we can learn by studying mistakes.Perhaps the most important lesson is that failure and success are two sides of the same coin. 77
前一句中，作者将成功与失败比作同一枚硬币的两面，A项“一个无法离开另一个而存在”能够承接上文。故选A。
A. One truly cannot exist without the other.
B. We are brave enough to face difficulties.
C. In the early 1990s， Apple created a phone called the Apple Newton.
D. The business world already understands the value of negative results.
E. The Apple Newton has won popularity with people all over the world.
F. However，things are slowly changing， especially in business and science.
G. The story of the Apple Newton can teach us an important lesson about failure.
Step 1　通读全文，明确文章结构和脉络。
江西中考的文章结构以“总—分—总”式为主，偶尔涉及“总—分”式或“分—总”式。
Step 2　明确各题目在段落中的具体设空位置。
江西中考设题一般会兼顾段首、段中、段尾三种设空方式。
Step 3　详读各段，明确设空所在段的段落主旨。
Step 4　分析设空句与所在段落以及上、下段之间的关系。
通过分析设空位置特点进行关系推断：
①段首设空句：一般为段落主旨句、承上启下句或段落细节支撑句
②段中设空句：一般为承前启后句、段落细节支撑句
③段尾设空句：一般为承前启后句、段落细节支撑句、承上启下句
通过分析设空所在句的前、后句中的逻辑关系信号词进行推断：
常见的几类逻辑关系信号词：
①转折让步关系(but、however、yet、though、although、even if)
②并列/递进关系(and、also、then、besides、first、second、not only...but also...、in addition to)
③因果关系(as、so、for、since、because、therefore、because of、thanks to、as a result、for this reason)
④解释例证关系(in other words、that is to say、it means...、in fact、such as、for example)
Step 5　根据上一个步骤中分析的结构，并结合备选项，试填答案。
Step 6　将初步确定的答案代入原文，确保语义顺畅，符合逻辑。
答案速查：
73.F　74.D　75.C　76.G　77.A
◆ 微技能训练 ◆
(2021·河南改编)A mind map is basically a tool that connects information around a central subject.A student recently said, “I thought mind mapping would take a lot of time to do but in fact it saves me time.1. ”
How to make a mind map Follow these steps：
E
2． Why？Because starting in the center lets your brain spread out in all directions and express itself more freely and naturally.
Use a picture for your central idea.Why Because a picture helps you use your imagination.3. It helps get your attention and makes you work excitedly!
A
C
Connect your main branches (分支) to the central picture and connect your second and third level branches to the first and second levels，etc.Why Because your brain works by connection.4. If you connect the branches，you will understand and remember a lot more easily.
F
5． Why？Because each picture, just like the central picture, is also worth a thousand words.So, if you have 10 pictures in your mind map, they are already worth 10,000 words of notes.
Try to use more colors.Why Because colors are as exciting to your brain as pictures.Color adds great energy to your creative thinking, and is fun!
B
A．Start in the center of a page.
B．Use pictures as many as possible.
C．A central picture is more interesting.
D．Why not connect main branches to the key word
E．I don't have to read my notes over and over again.
F．It likes to connect two, or three, or four things together.
G．It's easy for you to remember by using more and more colors.