2023年中考英语复习 专题一　词法 名词 课件(共67张PPT)

(共67张PPT)
专题一　词法
第一讲　名　词
1.名词的分类　　2.名词的数　　3.名词的格　　4.名词构词法　　5.必备名词词义辨析
考点一 名词的分类
一、普通名词
1.可数名词[C]
(1)个体名词:表示单个的人或事物。如:
letter,page,finger,truck,wallet,teacher…
(2)集体名词:表示若干个人或事物。如:
class,team,family,government,public,group,army,people,police…
2.不可数名词[U]
(1)物质名词:表示构成万物的物质或材料。如:
液体类water,oil,juice,coffee,wine…
材料类metal,wood,glass,cotton…
食物类salt,mutton,bread,rice…
语言类German,Japanese,French…
(2)抽象名词:表示性质、动作、状态、情感等。如:
fear,anger,patience,pride,luck,happiness,
love,health,friendship,success…
二、专有名词
1.节日、月份、星期等的名称。如:
Thanksgiving Day,July,Saturday…
2.人名、地名、山河名、国名等。如:
Newton,the West Lake,the Great Wall,Italy…
3.组织、机构、影视剧、书本等的名称。如:
Huaxia Bank,…
注:专有名词的第一个字母要大写。
考点专练
1.(2022·包头青山二模)While you are in China, Mount Huangshan is a to visit.(must)
2.(2021·包头)—Look!Mike does so well in his speech.
—Yes,he has a(n) for public speaking.
A.eye B.gift C.answer D.attention
must
B
3.(2020·呼市一模)Most of them have little and have no skills so they have no choice but to do this kind of job.
A.news B.education
C.information D.time
B
一、可数名词单复数变化规则
1.一般在名词词尾直接加 s
month—_________　 　　 piece—________
2.以“ s, x, sh, ch”结尾+ es
beach—__________ box—__________
months
pieces
beaches
boxes
考点二 名词的数
3.以“辅音字母+ y”结尾,y→i + es
diary—_________ story—________
以“元音字母+ y”结尾,直接加 s
monkey—___________ holiday—_________
diaries
stories
monkeys
holidays
4.以 f或 fe结尾,f或fe→v+ es
half—________　 　 knife—________ leaf—________
life— ________ shelf—________ thief—________
wife—________ wolf—________
5.以 o结尾+ es(有生命)
tomato—__________ hero—__________
potato—__________ Negro—__________
以 o结尾+ s(无生命)
photo—__________ radio—__________
halves
knives
leaves
shelves
thieves
wolves
lives
wives
tomatoes
heroes
potatoes
Negroes
photos
radios
6.oo→ee
foot—________ tooth—________ goose—_______
7.含有man,改为men
Frenchman—______________ businessman—_______________
※German—Germans
feet
teeth
geese
Frenchmen
businessmen
8.单复数同形
fish—__________　　 Chinese—__________
deer—__________ Japanese—__________
sheep—__________
9.不规则变化
mouse—__________ 　　child—__________
fish
Chinese
deer
Japanese
sheep
mice
children
考点专练　
1.(2022·包头)We are thirsty for knowledge because it gives us to fly.(wing)
2.(2022·包头一模)Mary was too shy to tell the truth in front of so many .(guest)
3.(2021·包头一模)“We are waves of the same sea, of the same tree,flowers of the same garden,” said a famous person in history.(leaf)
wings
guests
leaves
4.(2021·包头东河二模)Drunk drinking is one of the most common of traffic accidents.(cause)
5.(2019·包头)Jenny has found it easy to make at school.(friend)
6.(2019·包头东河二模)The video,we made for graduation ceremony,has had 5,000 on the Internet.(hit)
causes
friends
hits
二、不可数名词
不可数名词没有复数形式,其前不用冠词a/an。此类名词的量可用如下方式表示:
1.借助some,much,a little,plenty of,a bit of等表达。
如:much water,some orange juice,a little milk
2.用计量名词piece,cup,kilo,group等表达。
a bottle of ink 　　two glasses of milk
a piece of news　 five kilos of pork
考点专练　
1.(2021·包头东河二模)We should treasure lives.Everybody has no to take risks with others’ lives.
A.need　　B.right　　C.duty　　D.reason
2.(2020·包头昆区二模)My mother is over fifty,but she doesn’t look her .(age)
3.(2019·包头样题二)It’s reported the in traditional culture is growing among China’s youth.(interest)
B
age
interest
三、易错易混名词单复数辨析
1.有些物质名称用复数形式表示不同类别。
fishes各种鱼　　　fruits 各种水果
2.有些名词被看作整体时作单数用,被看作组成该集体的各成员时作复数用。
3.某些抽象名词在具体化时,可用复数形式。表示“某种”或“一次”意义时,可与冠词a/an连用。
have some difficulties　　　　What a surprise!
4.一些不可数名词加“ s”前后词义辨析。
sand(沙)—sands(沙滩)
water(水)—waters(水域)
wood(木头)—woods(树林)
cloth(布)—clothes(衣服)
glass(玻璃)—glasses (眼镜)
manner(态度)—manners(礼貌)
四、既作可数又作不可数名词词义辨析
（续表）
考点三 名词的格
一、名词所有格的构成
1.有生命体名词后加 ’s 或 s’。
kids’ gifts　　Children’s Day
Linda’s parents　　Mother’s Day
2.无生命体一般用“of+名词”表示。
a map of the world　　the capital of China
3.双重属格表示整体中的一部分。
(1)of+名词所有格
a friend of my father’s我父亲的一个朋友
对比:a photo of Lily’s 表示照片属于莉莉
a photo of Lily 表示照片上的人是莉莉
(2)of+名词性物主代词
a son of yours你的一个儿子
注:1.几人共有,在最后一个名词词尾加 ’s或 s’;几个人各自所有,则每个词词尾都加 ’s或 s’
Lily and Lucy’s bedroom (共有)
Jim’s and Tom’s computers (分别拥有)
2.表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体等无生命名词的所有格常用“ ’s”或“ s’”形式
today’s newspaper　　15 minutes’ walk
考点专练　
1.(2022·包头昆区二模)To protect her family,Mrs.Green is ready to put her life in those hands.(enemy)
2.(2021·包头昆区二模)I hope that in a few time,we will come back to visit our school.(year)
3.(2020·呼市回民区二模)TIME magazine says that smart Lego has become one of the favorite toys.(child)
enemies’
years’
children’s
4.(2020·呼市一模)It’s about fourteen walk from the school to the bookshop.(minute)
5.(2021·包头青山二模)It isn’t my umbrella.It’s another
.(visit)
6.(2019·包头昆区二模)Sam used to copy homework,
but now he works hard and gets good grades.(other)
minutes’
visitor’s
others’
二、名词作定语
1.名词作定语通常用单数形式,表示类别、处所、材料、时间、功能、用途等。
如:history teacher 历史老师
telephone number电话号码
welcome speech欢迎致辞
2.用复数形式作定语:有些名词只有复数形式,没有单数形式,或者用于某一意义时,习惯上要用复数形式,此时以这些名词的复数形式用作定语。
如:sports meeting运动会
talks table谈判桌
3.当man,woman作定语修饰名词时, 单复数形式与被修饰词保持一致。
如:a woman doctor 一位女医生
three men teachers 三位男老师
4.数词+名词作定语时,如有连接符“ ”,直接用单数即可;若无连接符“ ”,则名词需要变成其相应单复数形式的所有格。
如:a ten mile walk 十英里路
a five year plan一个五年计划
an hour’s ride 一个小时的行程
thirteen tons’ weight 十三吨的重量
考点专练　
1.(2021·呼市赛罕区模拟)It is five years since we began to enjoy a spring holiday each year.
A.ten day B.ten days
C.ten day’s D.ten days
2.(2020·包头青山二模)At the beginning of the year,he asked for two leave to be a volunteer in Baotou.
(month)
A
months’
3.(2020·呼市回民区二模改编)None of them felt tired but quite happy after a two day meeting.(sport)
4.(2019·呼和浩特)He asked for two leave to look after his sick fat father.(week)
sports
weeks’

魔术师__________ 音乐家______________

艺术家__________　 钢琴家__________
小提琴家__________ 游客__________
科学家__________　
scientist
tourist
violinist
pianist 　　
artist 　　
musician
magicia
考点四 名词构词法

男演员____________ 导演;主任____________
编辑____________ 竞争者____________
拜访者____________ 教授____________
发明者____________ 翻译家____________
translator
actor
director
editor
competitor
visitor
professor
inventor
4.v.+ er/ r →n.
攀登者____________　 司机____________
工程师____________ 爱好者____________
跑步者____________ 学习者____________
旅游者____________ 记者____________
发言者____________ 领导____________
工人_______ 主人____________
画家____________ 保管人____________
作家____________ 获胜者____________
5.v.+ ure →n.
失败____________　　　　压力____________　
愉快;高兴____________
climber
teacher
lover
driver
runner
learner
traveler
reporter
speaker
leader
worker
painter
keeper
writer
winner
pleasure
pressure
failure
owner
行动_____________　 　　 教育_____________　
改正_____________ 庆典_____________
考试_____________ 交谈_____________
邀请_____________ 竞争_____________
发明_____________ 　　 贡献_____________
保护_____________ 介绍_____________
污染_____________ 建议_____________
预测_____________ 　 毕业_____________
准备_____________ 指示_____________
发音_____________ 翻译_____________
correction
celebration
examination
conversation
invitation
competition
invention
contribution
protection
introduction
pollution
suggestion
prediction
graduation
pronunciation
translation
instruction
preparation
action
education

讨论_____________ 表情_____________
8.v.+ ment →n.
争论_____________　 　　　 运动_____________　
同意;协议_____________ 发展_____________
成就_____________ 兴奋_____________
管理_____________ 政府_____________
discussion
expression
argument
movement
agreement
development
achievement
excitement
management
government
9.v.+ ance →n.
出现_____________ 接受_____________
入口_____________ 　 表演_____________
10.v.+ ing →n.
建筑物_____________ 意义__________　
开端__________ 会议__________　
开幕式________ 结尾__________
appearance
acceptance
entrance
performance
building
meaning
beginning
opening
ending
meeting
11.adj.+ ness → n.
黑暗_____________　　 　 悲伤_____________ 　
疾病_____________ 害羞;腼腆_____________
善良_____________ 公正性_____________
仁慈_____________ 虚弱_____________
生意;事务_____________ 粗心_____________
12.adj.+ dom →n.
自由_____________　　　 智慧_____________　
darkness
sadness
illness
shyness
goodness
fairness
kindness
weakness
business
carelessness
freedom
wisdom
13.adj.+ ce →n.( t → ce)
缺席;不在______________ 　 沉默______________　
重要性______________ 智力 ______________
差别______________ 独立 ______________
耐心______________ 自信______________
14.adj.+ th →n.
温暖;热情______________ 长度______________ 　
宽度______________　 　　 深度______________　　
absence
silence
importance
intelligence
difference
independence
warmth
length
width
depth
patience
confidence
15.adj.+ ty/ ity → n.
能力___________　　 活动___________
安全___________　　 可能性___________
现实___________　　 普及___________
ability
activity
safety
possibility
reality
popularity
考点专练　
1.(2022·包头一模)Compared with modern ,
writing letters has some advantages that can’t be missed.
(communicate)
2.(2022·包头青山二模)Whenever I made mistakes,the teacher pointed them out with .(patient)
3.(2021·呼市一模)Qian Zhongshu is one of the most famous
in China,and he was also a great teacher as well.(novel)
communication
patience
novelists
4.(2021·扎兰屯三模)The worldwide disease lets us know the
of health.(important)
5.(2020·呼和浩特)—Why is the girl sitting there in (silent)
—Maybe it is because she doesn’t know anyone here.
6.(2020·呼市一模)Printing is one of the greatest 　 1
in ancient China.(invent)
importance
silence
inventions
7.(2021·呼伦贝尔海区)Nobody will believe you even though you tell the ,for you have told too many lies.(true)
8.(2021·包头)Chinese New Year is a marking the end of winter and the beginning of spring.(celebrate)
9.(2019·包头)—Have you been to the Beijing Expo(北京世博会) in Yanqing
—Yes,it’s a of art,gardening,and high technology.(collect)
truth
celebration
collection
10.(2021·包头昆区二模)The bicycle sharing system may help reduce air 　 in big cities.(pollute)
11.(2019·包头青山二模)The May Fourth is very important in China’s history to find a path for the future.(move)
12.(2020·包头一模)In my opinion,you’d better make a good
before studying abroad.(prepare)
pollution
Movement
preparation
A 答案____________ 建议____________
成年人____________ 能力____________
地址____________ 注意____________
行动____________ 文章____________
优势____________ 地区____________
活动____________ 事故;意外____________
answer　
advice　 　
adult
ability
address
attention
action
article
advantage
area
activity
accident
考点五 必备名词词义辨析
B 身材____________ 　　 生意____________
间歇;休息____________ 美丽____________
底部____________ 背景 ____________
桥____________ 街区____________
C 中心____________ 　　 勇气____________
文化____________ 机会____________
选择____________ 条件 ____________
角落 ____________ 世纪 ____________
人物 ____________ 圆圈 ____________
顾客 ____________ 挑战____________
build
business
break
beauty
bottom
background
bridge
block
centre
courage
culture
chance
choice
condition
corner
century
character
circle
customer
challenge
(续表)
C 课程____________ 花费;价钱____________
人群____________ 情况;实情____________
音乐会____________ 社区____________
course
crowd
concert
cost
case
community
(续表)
D 对话______________ 　 发现______________
困难______________ 日期 ______________
决定______________ 差异______________
方位______________ 日记______________
度数;程度____________ 距离 ______________
E 教育______________ 　 　 实例______________
能量 ______________ 努力______________
借口______________ 经验 ______________
敌人 ______________ 交换______________
dialogue
discovery
difficulty
date
decision
difference
direction
diary
degree
distance
education
example
energy
effort
excuse
experience
enemy
exchange
(续表)
F 战斗___________ 　　 将来___________ 　　
力量___________ 名声___________
傻瓜___________ 前面 ___________
形式;类型___________ 节日___________
失败___________ 田野;场地___________
G 向导___________ 　　 　 地面 ___________　　
群;组___________ 一代人___________
宾客___________ 目标;球门___________
毕业___________ 成绩;等级 ___________
fight
future　
force
fame
fool
front
form
festival
failure
field
guide
ground
group
generation
guest
goal
graduation
grade
(续表)
H 习惯___________ 　　　 高度___________ 　
业余爱好___________ 荣誉___________
假期___________ 内心;心脏___________
希望___________ 健康___________
I 兴趣___________ 　 　 邀请 ___________　
采访___________ 信息 ___________
重要性___________ 发明___________
影响___________ 介绍___________
独立___________ 指示;命令 ___________
habit
height
hobby
honor
holiday
heart
hope
health
interest
invitation
interview
information
importance
invention
influence
introduction
independence
instruction
(续表)
J 旅行____________ 　　 高兴;愉快____________
K 敲击____________ 　　　 知识____________
L 笑声____________ 　 　 水平 ____________ 　　
语言____________ 清单____________
位置____________ 行;排____________
信;函____________ 垃圾 ____________
光;光线____________ 幸运____________
journey
joy
knock
knowledge
laughter
level
language
list
location
line
letter
litter
light
luck
(续表)
M 消息__________ 　　 机器__________ 　　
错误__________ 药;医学__________
成员__________ 措施__________
头脑__________ 能手;主人__________
记忆__________ 记号;分数__________
材料__________ 问题;事情__________
市场__________ 方法;措施__________
N 通知 __________　　 　 邻居 __________　
笔记;记录__________ 噪音__________
自然界 __________ 小人物 __________
O 物体 __________　　 意见;看法 __________
message
machine
mistake
medicine
member
measure
master
mind
memory
mark
notice
neighbor
note
noise
nature
nobody
object
opinion
(续表)
material
market
matter
method
P 称赞______________ 　　奖品______________ 　 　
难题______________ 压力______________
人口______________ 目标______________ 诺言______________ 进步______________ 项目______________ 产品______________ 节目______________ 和平______________
百分之____________ 力量______________
时期______________ 段落_________________ 痛苦______________ 得分;点___________
Q 问题______________ 　　 一刻钟______________
praise
prize
problem
pressure
population
purpose
promise
progress
project
product
program
peace
percent
power
period
passage
pain
point
question
quarter
(续表)
R 记录_____________ 　　　报告_____________ 　 　　
尊敬_____________ 原因_____________
结果_____________ 现实_____________
竞赛_____________ 遗憾 _____________
角色;作用_____________ 关系_____________
亲属 _____________ 一排;一列___________
休息_____________ 风险;冒险_____________
record
report
respect
reason
result
reality
race
regret
role
relation
relative
row
(续表)
rest
risk
S 学科____________ 　 秘密____________ 　
标准____________ 款式____________
支持____________ 表面____________
调查____________ 部分____________
速度____________ 服务____________
形状____________ 羞愧____________
沉默____________ 技巧____________
成功____________ 平方____________
状况____________ 象征____________
满意____________ 特价品 ____________
subject
secret
standard
style
support
surface
survey
section
speed
service
shape
shame
silence
skill
success
square
situation
symbol
satisfaction
special
(续表)
T 天赋_____________ 　　票;劵_____________ 　　
真相_____________ 味道_____________
任务 _____________ 总数_____________
交通_____________ 款待_____________
传统_____________ 财宝_____________
工具_____________ 队;组_____________
科技_____________ 贸易_________________
咽喉_____________ 问题;苦恼_____________
U 大学_________________ 　 校服_____________
talent
ticket
truth
taste
task
total
traffic
treat
tradition
treasure
tool
team
technology
trade
throat
trouble
university
uniform
(续表)
V 嗓音____________ 　 　　录像____________ 　　
假期____________ 价值 ____________
胜利____________ 志愿者____________
W 车轮____________ 　 　　财富 ____________　
重量____________ 伤口____________
钱包____________ 浪费;垃圾____________
网站____________ 一段时间____________
voice
video
vacation
value
victory
volunteer
wheel
wealth
weight
wound
wallet
waste
(续表)
website
while
※增补外研版名词
量;数量amount 　　　冒险adventure 　
布;布料cloth 展览exhibition
边;边缘edge 文件document
果酱;堵塞jam 天堂;天国heaven
入口处entry 家具furniture
奖牌;奖章medal 服务热线helpline
小路;路径path 手术operation
视力;景象sight 工作室studio
平台;站台platform 秘书secretary
意志;决心will 奇迹;奇观wonder
考点专练　
1.(2022·包头)—Why could you write so well
—I read a lot,and the works of Ernest Hemingway had a strong
on me as a child.
A.attention B.explanation
C.situation D.influence
2.(2022·包头一模)He has made up his to become a doctor since the outbreak of COVID 19.
A.mind B.hand C.word D.thought
D
A
3.(2022·包头东河二模)—The songs the little girl sings are very sweet.
—She has a real for singing.Nobody taught her.
A.feel B.interest C.taste D.sound
4.(2020·呼市一模)As you listen,you can write down the key information such as names and numbers.The will help you understand and remember what you hear.
A.notes B.photos C.letters D.reasons
A
A
5.(2021·呼市回民区二模)—What is the of your excellent writing skills
—Practice makes perfect!
A.result B.influence C.secret D.purpose
6.(2021·兴安盟)In a conversation between two persons,65%of
is done through body language.
A.information B.pronunciation
C.Introduction D.communication
C
D
7.(2021·扎兰屯三模)Mr.Liu is a wise man,and he often gives us a few .
A.suggestions B.advice C.hobbies D.knowledge
8.(2021·包头一模)The customers are satisfied with the of the shop.
A.society B.shape C.service D.surface
A
C
9.(2021·包头昆区二模)—When I climbed the final meters,I felt a sense of .
—Good job!
A.improvement B.development
C.agreement D.achievement
10.(2020·包头)While she was in Milan,she developed a for fine art.
A.way B.relation C.taste D.habit
D
C
11.(2019·包头)He rides a bike to work every day in order to keep in .
A.support B.service C.surface D.shape
12.(2021·呼伦贝尔适应性考试)As we all know,using serving
is necessary when we eat out with others.
A.chopsticks B.bowls C.dishes D.napkins
D
A
13.(2019·包头昆区二模)It’s important for students to make a
on personal growth,so that they have in mind how to deal with each period of school life.
A.suggestion B.plan
C.progress D.invitation
B
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