2023年中考英语复习 专题一　词法 介词 课件

(共43张PPT)
专题一　词法
第七讲　介　词
1.介词的分类　　 2.介词的基本用法　　
3.易错易混的介词　　4.介词的固定搭配
考点一 介词的分类
1.简单介词:即普通单一的介词。
如:among,below,for,behind,about
2.合成介词:由两个介词合在一起构成的介词。
如:without,onto,throughout,towards
3.短语介词:介词与其他词类构成的短语。
如:according to,instead of,rather than
4.分词介词:由现在分词或过去分词转化而来。
如:including,considering,regarding
5.兼类介词:由形容词或动词直接转化来。
如:near,opposite,like,next,unlike
考点专练　
1.(2020·包头)—Hello,my name is John Smith.And I’m calling to ask about the position in your school.
—Yes,the position is still open.You could come over and have a talk us.
A.with B.about C.through D.away
2.(2019·包头样题一)—What a drive!I’m tired out.
—No wonder!You have been driving for such a long time
　 taking a break.
A.by B.without C.through D.in
A
B
3.(2021·海拉尔适应性考试)All of my workmates chose to stay put(留在原地) (在……期间) the Spring Festival.
4. (2021·满洲里模拟)Local governments all over China
(包括) Shanghai,are encouraging the use of public chopsticks.
5.(2020·呼市玉泉区二模) (根据) the weather report,tomorrow will be sunny.And we can go hiking as planned.
during
including
According to
考点二 介词的基本用法
一、表示时间的介词
1.in,on,at
in 用于年、月、季节、上下午、晚上
in April,in 2023,in the afternoon
on 星期、节日、具体的某天或特定的上下午
on Friday,on a cold morning,on May Day
at 多用于具体的钟点时刻前或固定搭配
at eight o’clock,at night,at noon
2. after,in,before,by,over,during
after 与时间点连用,常用于将来时
Mr.Li will come here after two o’clock.
接起点为过去的时间段,用于过去时
He received her letter after five weeks.
in 与一段时间连用时,用于将来时
Dinner will be ready in ten minutes.
before 在某个时间或事件之前,强调先后顺序Bring your guitar here before nine.
by 与时间点连用,意为“不迟于”
I will finish my task by nine.
后接表示过去的时间点时,意为“到……为止”,常用于过去完成时
By 2021,he’d lived here for 5 years.
over 多于(某时间);在……期间
over the past few years在过去几年里
during 后接时间段,表示“在……期间”
We usually go on holiday during July.
(续表)
3.since,for,from,till
since 自从;自……以后;从……以来
Mr.Smith has worked here since 1984.
for 后接时间段,意为“(时间)长达……”
We’ve known each other for 20 years.
from 表示“从……起”,可用于各种时态
He only works from Monday to Friday.
till 直到……为止;直到……才
考点专练　
1.(2022·包头青山二模)Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport will leave half an hour.
A.since B.at C.for D.in
2.(2022·包头昆区二模)The mall is open 10:00 p.m.on Saturdays.It’s 8:30,so you can do some shopping there.
A.from B.past C.till D.since
D
C
3.(2021·包头)—What’s the most exciting holiday you’ve ever been
—For me,it was a trip to Iceland with my family to see the Northern Lights.
A.in B.on C.to D.from
4.(2021·扎兰屯三模)We arrived New York 　　　a sunny morning.
A.in;on B.at;in C.in;in D.in;at
B
A
5.(2021·包头一模)I’m sorry I didn’t phone you,but I’ve been very busy the past couple of weeks.
A.beyond B.with C.after D.over
D
二、表示地点和方位的介词
1.in,on,to,at
in 表示在大的地方或范围之内,强调“在内”
I live in a city,but he lives at a town.
on 表示两地接壤,或强调与表面接触
Vietnam lies on the south of China.
to 表示在范围之外,不接壤
Shanghai lies to the south of Beijing.
at 表示在小地方
Jane is waiting for you at the bus stop.
2.across,through,past,over,along
across 从物体表面“横穿;穿过”
Be careful when going across the road.
through 指从物体内部穿过
The river runs through our village.
past “超过;路过”,指从某物旁边经过
She went past a tall building.
over 从物体上方“越过;翻过”
The horse jumped over the fence(栅栏).
along 沿着;顺着;靠着……边
I saw her running along the river.
3.between,among
between 表示在两者之间,常与and连用
among 表示在三者或三者以上人或物之间
4.above,over,below,under,behind,opposite
above “在……上方”,表面不接触,范围较广
Raise your arms above your head.
over “在……正上方”,也表示覆盖某一物体
There’s a bridge over the river.
below “在……下面”,或表示位置“低于”Please don’t write below this line.
under “在……正下方”,表示垂直在下
They’re playing chess under the tree.
behind 在……的后面;落后于
Who’s the girl standing behind Jane
opposite “在……对面”,指空间位置关系
The hotel is opposite the church.
考点专练　
1.(2021·呼市一模)—I missed the high speed train 　　　Hohhot and Beijing this morning.
—Oh,Lingling,you should get up earlier tomorrow morning.
A.hardly;from B.never;among
C.nearly;between D.mostly;in
2.(2021·扎兰屯二模)Hubei is far from Heilongjiang.It’s 1 the south of China,　　　 the south of Henan.
A.in;to B.on;to C.in;on D.on;in
C
C
3.(2020·兴安盟) Alice stood up and ran the field after the rabbit.(cross)
across
三、表示方式的介词
by,with,in,on
by 表示借用工具或手段,也表示某种交通方式
The girl made money by selling flowers.
Some came by land and some by water.
with “用;以”,多指具体有形的工具或身体部位
He caught the ball with his left hand.
in 用语言、声音、材料等或特指的交通工具
Write your homework in ink,not in pencil.
on 使用网络等通讯方式或特指的交通工具
He could only talk with me on the phone.
考点专练　
1.(2021·包头昆区二模)It is well known to us all that most cotton produced in Xinjiang is picked machine.
A.for B.by C.in D.on
2.(2020·呼和浩特)She said tears in eyes on stage,“I have been lucky,but I’ve had my share of heartbreak 　　　the way.”
A.with;in B.with;along C.in;along D.in;by
B
B
3.(2020·包头改编)Now my middle school life comes to an end.I have to say goodbye to my old friends and teachers.We will keep in touch with each other sending emails,making phone calls or writing letters.
A.with B.in C.through D.by
4.(2020·包头一模)My mother tells my sister the stories 1 simple English every day,so she can understand them easily.
A.for B.by C.on D.in
D
D
四、其他常见介词
besides “除……之外还有”,后接增加的部分
except “除……之外”,后接被排除的部分
including “包含;包括”,用于列举事物前
There are ten boys here,including me.
against “靠着;顶着;迎着;衬着”,“反对;违反”
towards “朝;向”,用来表示向某处移动
like “像;跟……一样”,后接名词或代词
as 作为;当作;以……的身份
As her best friend,I must help her.
without 表示否定,意为“没有;无;不需”
考点专练　
1.(2022·呼和浩特) my surprise,the twins have nothing 　　　common.
A.To;in B.With;in C.In;in D.For;in
2.(2021·呼市回民区二模) One of the arguments smoking is that it is harmful to 　　　health.
A.for;us B.against;our C.with;our D.on;us
A
B
3.(2019·包头一模)You look really tired,Jim.You need a break
work.
A.for B.from C.in D.at
4.(2019·包头)He drove so fast at the turn that the car almost went the road.
A.off B.on C.along D.behind
B
A
考点三 易错易混的介词
一、相近介词短语辨析
1.on the tree长在树上(属于树)
in the tree在树上(外来之物,不属于树)
2.in front of在……前面(外部的前面)
in the front of在……前面(内部的前面)
3.in the wall在墙上(在墙体内部)
on the wall在墙上(在墙体的表面上)
4.in the corner在拐角(室内的角落)
at/on the corner在拐角(屋外街道的拐角)
二、含有介词to的短语,后常接v. ing.
be use to习惯于　 　　　look forward to 期盼
stick to 坚持 　　　　　pay attention to 注意
prefer…to…喜欢……胜过……
make a contribution to 为……做贡献
考点四 介词的固定搭配
一、介词+名词
in detail详细地
in person亲自
in silence沉默地
in trouble处于困境
in surprise惊奇地
on show展出
on show展出
in common 共同的
on purpose故意地
on duty 值班,上班
with excitement 激动地for sale待售
by mistake错误地
by accident偶然地
with pleasure乐意地
at times 有时;偶尔
in addition 另外;加之
in general 总之;通常
beyond question 毫无疑问
in fact 其实,实际上
in danger 处于危险中
二、动词+介词
agree with同意
deal with处理;对待
worry about担心
come from来自
fall behind落后
believe in 信任;相信
hear of 听说
wait for 等待
shout at 叫喊
laugh at 嘲笑
die of 死于
begin with 以……开始
look after 照顾
look like 看起来像lead into 导致
leave for 前往
belong to属于
stick to坚持;固守
look through浏览
decide on决定
depend on 依靠;依赖
turn…into…变成
look over 检查
learn from 向……学习
hear from 收到某人来信
turn to转向;求助于
thanks to 多亏;由于
thanks for 因……感谢
三、形容词+介词
late for迟到
busy with忙于
sure about确信
short of短缺
serious about认真
absent from缺席
tired of 厌烦
due to 由于;归因于……
weak in 不擅长……afraid of害怕
proud of 为……自豪
similar to与……相似
known for以……著名
strict with要求严格
angry with生……的气
ready for 为……做准备
interested in 对……感兴趣
different from 与……不同
四、其他短语
as for至于;关于 along with连同 far from远离 at once立即;马上 ahead of在……前面 above all 首先 at least至少 because of 因为 after all毕竟;终归
such as例如;像……
instead of代替;反而
rather than而不是
according to根据
as usual 像往常一样
apart from 远离;除……外
考点专练　
1.(2022·包头一模)We should pay attention our eyesight and do more exercise outdoors.
A.under B.above C.to D.across
2.(2022·包头东河二模)—Dear,why are you so late
—Someone’s car was my way and I waited until it was moved away.
A.in B.on C.by D.along
C
A
3.(2020·呼市玉泉区二模)Because Jimmy worked hard and never gave up,he got the first prize in the competition
　 .
A.after all B.at first C.in all D.at last
4.(2020·包头青山二模)—In the past three years,we have learned a lot from our teachers.
—They are great,so we will be forever thankful them.
A.to B.for C.of D.with
A
D
5. (2020·呼市回民区二模)By spending time with my friends,I can keep my mind my body happy.
A.but also B.as well as
C.except for D.rather than
B
THANK YOU