2023年江西中考英语复习 专题一　名词课件(共49张PPT)

(共49张PPT)
专题一　名　词
知识导图
江西省中考八年命题规律及趋势
中考预测
从近八年江西中考来看，名词是每年的必考点，对名词的直接考查体现在单项填空和完形填空两大题型中，这两大题型主要考查对特定语境的理解能力及对名词的选择和运用能力。单项填空和完形A主要考查根据语境的理解去辨析名词词义；完形B主要考查名词的原形和名词的复数形式。
名词词义辨析
[考点剖析]
在单项填空(必考1题)和完形填空A(考查2～4题)中对名词辨析的考查，主要以语境辨析和近义词辨析为主，侧重考查对语境的理解。
一、语境辨析
分析江西中考近几年单项填空、完形填空，其中名词辨析侧重于对语境辨析的考查，同时较少涉及单复数和固定搭配。学生在做题时，首先应读懂句意，抓住题干中的关键信息，并分析各个选项的意思，结合生活常识及语境，即可选出正确答案。学生可结合《分类速记手册》中“话题词汇表”进行复习，对于教材中常见的固定搭配也要熟练掌握。
二、常考易错名词汇总
1 pronunciation发音；voice嗓音；sound 声响；noise噪声
2 health健康；wealth财富；weight重量，体重；height高度，身高
3 trouble困难；problem 难题，问题；question 问题，疑问；difficulty 困难
4 discussion 讨论；resolution 决心；instruction 指示，命令；invention发明
5 price价格；prize奖品；pride骄傲，自豪
6 friendship友谊；relationship关系；relative亲戚，亲属
7 suggestion建议[C]；advice建议，忠告[U]
8 agreement 同意，一致；development 发展；environment环境；government政府；instrument 乐器
9 subject科目；project项目，工程；program节目；progress进步；promise承诺
10 member成员；number数字，号码
11 chance机会；choice选择；change变化，零钱
12 information信息[U]；news新闻[U]；message消息[C]
[考点抢测]
1．(2022·江西)Which ice cream do you want, Mary You can't have all of them. You have to make a .
A．wish　　　　　　　 B．survey
C．choice D．call
C
2．It's not a good for students to go online just for the answers to their homework.
A．dream B．wish
C．interest D．habit
D
3．Now more and more schools care for the full of the students' talents.
A．development B．agreement
C．preparation D．encouragement
A
名词的数
[考点剖析]
一、名词的分类
类型 用法 例词
专有名词 表示人、地方、事物、机构、组织等名称的词 Alice，Canada，the Great Wall
类型 用法 例词
普通名词 可数名词 个体名词 表示个体的人或事物的词 book，desk，table，bike，plane
集体名词 表示一群人或一些事物的词 family，class，police，team，group
类型 用法 例词
普通名词 不可数名词 物质名词 表示构成各种物体的物质或材料的词 glass，water，air，paper，wood
抽象名词 表示状态、品质、行为、感情等抽象概念的词 danger，health，love，success，interest
二、可数名词单复数变化规律
情况 构成方法 例词
一般情况 加 s cap→caps；dog→dogs；bike→bikes；driver→drivers
以字母s、sh、ch、x等结尾 加 es bus→buses；wish→wishes；watch→watches；box→boxes
以“辅音字母＋y”结尾 变y为i，再加 es lady→ladies；century→centuries；family→families；story→stories
情况 构成方法 例词
以f或fe
结尾 一般变f、fe为v，再加 es leaf→leaves；life→lives；half→halves；knife→knives
以o结尾 o前为辅音音素时加 es，
o前为元音音素时加 s tomato→tomatoes；hero→heroes；potato→potatoes；radio→radios；zoo→zoos；例外：photo→photos；piano→pianos
三、常见的不可数名词归纳及用法
1．常见的不可数名词
物质
名词 食物 bread(面包)，meat(肉)，cheese(奶酪)
液体 milk(牛奶)，water(水)，wine(葡萄酒)，oil(石油)
自然物体 soil(土壤)，sand(沙子)，wood(木头)
抽象名词 情感 joy(高兴)，friendship(友情)，peace(和平)
语言 Chinese(汉语), English(英语), French(法语)
学科 math(数学)，geography(地理)(2018、T47), physics(物理学)，chemistry(化学)
概念 population人口，knowledge知识
其他 time(时间)(2015、T42)，money(金钱)(2015、T43)，weather
(天气)，information(信息)(2019、T59)，news(新闻；消息)
2.不可数名词量化的表示
(1)不可数名词的多少可用以下词组来表示：a block of一块，a bottle of一瓶，a group of一组(群)，a pair of一副(双)，a piece of一片(张、块)，a pile of一堆。
(2)短语“a pair(piece)of＋复数名词/不可数名词”作主语时，中心词是pair(piece)，故谓语动词用单数；若短语是“two pairs(pieces) of＋复数名词/不可数名词”作主语，中心词是two pairs(pieces)，谓语动词用复数。
3．可数与不可数名词易混归纳
exercise(锻炼)→exercises(练习；体操)
work(工作)→works(著作)
glass(玻璃)→a glass(玻璃杯)
paper(纸)→a paper(报纸；试卷)→papers(文件；证明)
room(空间)→a room(房间)
life(生活)(2018、T53)→seven lives(生命)
[考点抢测]
用所给词的适当形式填空
1．More and more _________ (foreign) come to visit China.
2．(易错易混题)For lunch，I'd like some ________ (tomato) and _____ (fish)．
3．How many times do you brush your ______ (tooth) every day
foreigners
tomatoes
fish
teeth
4．Parents should not push their ________ (child) too hard and should talk to them more.
5．All the ________ (family) are having a great time visiting Dali.
6．It is one of the most popular cartoon _____ (film) and it has won the hearts of many people.
7．(江西特色背景题)Ruijin was one of the starting ______ (place) of the Red Army Long March.
children
families
films
places
名词所有格
[考点剖析]
一、of 所有格的用法
of 所有格主要用于表示无生命名词的所属关系，其结构为“of＋名词”，如the use of the paper 这张纸的使用。
二、 's名词所有格的用法
类型 构成 例词
单数名词 一般在词尾加 's Jack's book 杰克的书
复数名词 以s结尾的加 ' Teachers' Day 教师节
不以s结尾的加 's Children's Day 儿童节
三、双重所有格的用法
构成 例句
of＋ 's He is a friend of my brother's.他是我哥哥的一个朋友。
of＋名词性
物主代词 Is she a daughter of yours？她是你的女儿吗？
of＋one's own He is very independent.He always has ideas of his own.
他很独立。他总是有他自己的想法。
[注意]　双重所有格与一般所有格的表意有所不同。
This is a picture of Ms.Wang's.这是王女士持有的一张照片。(照片上可能不是王女士)
This is a picture of Ms.Wang.这是王女士的照片。(照片上是王女士本人)
[考点抢测]
1．The boy over there is brother.He is flying a kite.
A．Lucy's and Lily's B．Lucy and Lily's
C．Lucy's and Lily D．Lucy and Lily
B
2．It's about forty walk from your school to the City Library.
A．minute B．minute's
C．minutes' D．minutes
C
3．Linda is a friend of my .My sister likes to hang out with her.
A．sister B．sister's
C．sisters D．Sisters'
B
江西省八年真题明考法
名词词义辨析
分析江西近8年中考真题可知，名词在单项填空(8年7考)和完形填空A(8年29考)中共考查36次。
填不可数名词
填可数名词单数
填可数名词复数
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2021·重庆B卷)June 1st is Day.
A．Children　　　　　　　 B．Children's
C．Child D．Child's
B
2．(2021·滨州)On February 25, President Xi Jinping announced that China has made a “complete ”in its fight against poverty (贫困)．
A．victory B．progress
C．difference D．improvement
A
3．(2021·东营)—I've got a “C” in the English test.Can you give me some ？
—Of course.I think reading can help.
A．messages B．information
C．suggestions D．instructions
C
4．(2021·东营)—I'm sad to hear that Yuan Longping passed away.
—So am I．We lost a hero.His on hybrid (杂交) rice helped Chinese people solve the problem of eating.
A．surveys B．reports
C．researches D．achievements
D
5．I usually go to school by school .It is convenient.
A．car B．bus
C．taxi D．plane
B
6．There aren't many left for the concert, so you'd better make sure you get one today.
A．presents B．candies
C．maps D．tickets
D
7．—Have you paid the ？
—Yes.It's ten more dollars this month.
A．bill B．price
C．value D．menu
A
Ⅱ.选词填空
1．(2022·江西)When will there be a astronaut？And today，it's me becoming one of the first few.
2．(2022·江西)The hardest part was training.
woman
desert
3．(2021·江西)Now，light fills the skies over our cities.This is called light .
4．(2021·江西)Because of it，people in cities can often only see about ten !
5．(2020·江西)Some of the villages are a very long way from and some of the schools are very small.
pollution
stars
cities
6．(2020·江西)The of the Science Bus Project is to bring science to children all over Chile.
7．(2019·江西)If you use good telephone ，the caller will be happy.
8．(2019·江西)In either situation，you will also need to get some ___________ about the caller，such as their name or company.
goal
skills
information
Ⅲ.完形填空A(微语篇)
Cloze 1
Mom and Dad are two of the most important people in your life. Maybe they will influence you more than any other 1 you will meet in your lifetime.So if your mom loves reading, you might grow up with carrying a 2 wherever you are.If your dad loves sports，you may be often seen on the playground.But parents do a lot more than just passing on their 3 .
1．A.poem B．song
C．person D．place
答案：C
2．A.pen B．book
C．computer D．radio
答案：B
3．A.purposes B．spirits
C．hobbies D．styles
答案：C
Cloze 2
While Austin was visiting in Kenya，he met some 1 from Amboseli Primary and Secondary School.He was surprised to learn how difficult it was for the children to get books.Austin once asked a teacher if they had a library.She replied，“No，but we would like to have one.” The teacher's 2 touched him.That was deeply imprinted (铭刻) in Austin's mind.
After he got home, he set up an organization called Libraries for Kids. The duty is to buy and carry books for students who are “hungry for 3 ”．
1．A.officers B．workers
C．neighbors D．students
答案：D
2．A.plans B．advantages
C．words D．actions
答案：C
3．A.energy B．courage
C．knowledge D．attention
答案：C