中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
小升初语言知识运用
代词
代词就是代替名词的词，同属名词性质。根据代词的含义、特点和在句中的作用，可以分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词等。
一、人称代词
1.人称代词不仅指人，也可指物
人称代词有主格、宾格以及单数、复数的区分，详见下表:
第一人称单数 第一人称复数 第二人称单、复数 第三人称单数 第三人称复数
主格 I you you he, she, it they
宾格 me us you him, her, it them
2.人称代词的用法
（1）主格用作主语、表语，例如:
I like sports. 我喜欢运动。(I作主语)
It was she who helped us a lot. 是她帮助了我们很多。（she 用作表语）
宾格用作宾语（用于动词和介词的后面），口语中也可用作表语，例如:
Please give me a pen. 请给我一支钢笔。（宾格 me 用于动词 give 后面）
This present is for her. 这件礼物是给她的。（宾格 her 用于介词 for 后面）
-- Who's there -- It's me. -- 谁在那里 -- 是我。（宾格 me 用作表语）
（3）人称代词的顺序
单数: you, he/she and I
复数: we, you and they, 例如:
You, she and I are in the same school. 你我她在同一所学校里。
These apples are for Mary and me. 这些苹果是给玛丽和我的。
We, you and they are all from Beijing. 我们、你们和他们都来自北京。
（4） it 的特殊用法
it 除了指“事”或“物”的它以外，还常用于指时间、天气、距离、形式主语和形式宾 语等，例如:
-- What time is it 几点了
-- It's 7 o'clock now. 现在是7点。 (it指时间)
It is a fine day today. 今天是个晴天。(it指天气)
It's about ten minutes' walk from here. 离这儿大概步行十分钟。(it指距离)
It is hard to say. 很难说。(it 作形式主语)
I think it important to keep healthy. 我认为保持健康是重要的。(it 作形式宾语)
典型例题
(1) _________ (She, Her) is friendly. We all like _________ (she, her).
正确答案 She, her
解题思路 第一句是作主语，用主格 She，第二句中作宾语，用宾格 her。
(2) _________ (I and Sandy, Sandy and I) are good friends.
正确答案 Sandy and I
解题思路 单数的人称代词顺序是 you, he/she and I。
(3) _________ (This, It) is a rainy day today.
正确答案 It
解题思路 it 的特殊用法，可以指天气。
二、物主代词
1.物主代词表示所有关系
物主代词是表示所有关系的代词。物主代词有两种 -- 形容词性物主代词和名 词性物主代词，见下表:
单数 复数
第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
形容词性物主代词 my your his, her, its our your their
名词性物主代词 mine yours his, hers, its ours yours theirs
2.物主代词的用法
（1）形容词性物主代词起形容词的作用，用来修饰名词，放在名词前，不可单独 使用，例如:
This is his football. 这是他的足球。
（2）名词性物主代词在句中起名词的作用，可以单独使用，相当于“形容词性的物主代词+名词”，例如:
Your shoes are white. Mine are black. (Mine = My shoes) 你的鞋子是白色的, 我的是黑色的。
常用的含有物主代词的固定搭配词组，例如:
on one's way （to） … 在某人去…的路上
of one's own 某人自己的
do one's homework 做(某人的)作业
to one's surprise/joy…令某人感到惊讶/高兴的是…
典型例题
(1)( ) _________ schoolbag is heavier than _________.
A. You; I B. Your; my C. Your; mine D. Yours; mine
正确答案 C
解题思路 名词 schoolbag 前应该用形容词性物主代词 your，后面应该用名词性物主代词 mine, 相
当于 my schoolbag。
(2)( )On _________ way to school, _________ saw a boy looking for _________ mother.
A. my; he; his B. mine; I; his C. my;I;him D. my;I;his
正确答案D
解题思路 on one's way to …表示“在某人去某地的路上”应选 my，后面的主语应与前面一致选I，
名词 mother 前面应该用形容词性物主代词 his。
三、反身代词
1.反身代词强调的是某人自己
反身代词共有8个: myself我自己, ourselves我们自己, yourself你自己, yourselves 你们自己, himself 他自己, herself 她自己, itself 它自己, themselves 他们自己。
2.反身代词的用法
（1）用作宾语或介词宾语，例如:
I finished the work by myself. 我自己独立完成了这项工作。
(myself 用作介词 by 的宾语, 表示"由我自己")
He often says to himself, "I believe I can! "他经常对自己说: "我相信, 我能行! "
(himself 用作动词 say 的宾语, 表示"对自己说")
（2）用作同位语, 例如:
The teacher herself will visit Peter's parents. 老师将亲自去拜访彼得的父母。
(herself 是 the teacher 的同位语)
（3）常用的反身代词的固定搭配词组，例如:
by oneself 独自
help oneself to … 随便吃…
make oneself at home 别拘束, 像在自己家一样
enjoy oneself 玩得开心
hurt oneself 弄伤自己
teach oneself 自学
say to oneself 自言自语
look at oneself in the mirror 照镜子
典型例题
( ) The old lady lives alone. She has to look after _________ at home.
A. her B. herself C. she D. hers
正确答案B
解题思路 根据句子的意思“老人独自生活，只能在家自己照顾自己”，所以选反身代词 herself。
四、指示代词
1.指示代词是表示“这个、那个、这些、那些”的指向性代词
指示代词主要有: this， that， these， those。其中 this， these 指在时间或空间上离说话人较近的人或物；that，those指在时间或空间上离说话人较远的人或物。this 和 that 指代的是单数名词， these 和 those 指代的是复数名词。
2.指示代词的用法
（1）指示代词的一般用法
①作主语，例如:
This is an apple. 这是苹果。
②作定语，用于名词前，例如:
These desks are new. 这些桌子是新的。
注意:问句中有指示代词，在回答时，要用人称代词 it 代替 this 和 that， they 代替 these 和 those，请对比:
错误: What's this on the desk This is a ruler.
正确: What's this on the desk It's a ruler.
（2）指示代词的特殊用法
①电话用语中，This is …表示 “我是 ××× 。” “Is that … 表示 “你是 ×× × 吗 ”
②that，those常用来代替前面的名词或名词词组，以免重复，例如:
The weather in winter in Shanghai is much warmer than that in Beijing.
(that 代替前面提到的 the weather in winter)
③ this 和 that 有时用于代替上文或下文中的一句话或情况，例如:
That is why I think English is important to us. 那就是我认为英语对我们来说 重要的原因。
(上文中有对英语重要性的阐述)
The wonderful song goes like this: …这首美妙的歌是这样唱的:…
（下文会出现歌词内容，或说话者直接演唱出来）
典型例题
(1)( )Look at _________ flowers in my hand. They are beautiful.
A. those B. these C. this D. that
正确答案B
解题思路 in my hand 说明距离很近, flowers 是复数, 所以选 these。
(2)( )This is Mary. Who _________ speaking
A. is that B. is it C. are you D. is there
正确答案A
解题思路 这是电话用语, Who's that speaking 表示"你是谁 "
(3)( )The desks in our classroom are more than _________ in yours.
A. these B. those C. this D. that
正确答案B
解题思路 those 代替前面的 the desks。
五、疑问代词
疑问代词主要有 which（哪一个）， who/whom（谁）， whose（谁的）， what（什么），
它们和一些疑问副词如 how， when， where， why 等用法类似，放在句首，后面跟一般疑问句
句型，构成特殊疑问句，例如:
Which do you prefer, tea or coffee 茶和咖啡, 你更喜欢哪种饮品
What colour is your new dress 你的新裙子是什么颜色的
典型例题
(1)( ) -- _________ is the blackboard
-- It's a rectangle.
A. What B. What shape C. What colour D. What size
正确答案B
解题思路 rectangle 表示的是长方形，所以选择用询问形状的疑问代词 what shape。
(2)This blue bag is Mike's. (对画线部分提问)
正确答案 Whose is this blue bag
解题思路 针对名词性的物主代词 Mike's 用 whose 提问，后面加上一般疑问句型 is this blue bag,
构成特殊疑问句。
六、不定代词
不定代词是不明确代替哪个具体名词的代词。常用的不定代词有: one，ones, both, all, either,
neither, other, another, none, each, every, some, any, many, much, (a) few, (a) little 等。还有由 some- , any, no- 和 every- 合成的不定代词。
1. one 和 ones 的用法
（1）one指人或物，表示一个或一个人。可作主语、表语、宾语、定语，例如:
One has one's own right to choose. 一个人有自己的选择权。(one 在句中作主语）
This is the one he is looking for. 这就是他在寻找的。(one 在句中作表语)
（2）one用来替代前面的单数名词，ones用来替代前面的复数名词，以避免重复，例如:
I lost my old camera; this is a new one. 我的旧相机丢了, 这是一台新的。
Red apples often taste better than green ones. 红苹果往往比青苹果好吃。
2. either, neither, both 和 all 的用法
either 指两者中的任何一个，用单数形式；
neither 两者都否定，一个都没有，用单数形式； both 两者全肯定，用复数形式；
all 指三个、三个以上的人或物，用复数形式，例如:
Either of his parents is a teacher. 他父母两人都是老师。
Neither of his parents is a teacher. 他父母两人都不是老师。
Both of his parents are teachers. 他父母两人都是老师。
All of the students are happy on Children's Day. 所有学生在儿童节都很快乐。
典型例题
(1)( ) -- Can you lend me a pen -- Sorry. I haven't got _________.
A. a pen B. one C. ones D. it
正确答案B
解题思路 该题的意思是“一你能借我一支钢笔吗 一对不起，我一支也没有。” a pen 前面提到过
的，下文应避免重复； ones 必须代替复数名词，与句中题意不符，it若要用于此，必须指前面提到的那支钢笔，与句子意思不符，所以选one。
(2)( )There are a lot of trees on _________ side of the street.
A. both B. every C. either D. neither
正确答案C
解题思路 这句话的意思是“在街道的两边（任意一边）有许多树”，both后面必 须是复数名词，而这里的 side 是单数形式，every 指三者或以上中的每一个， neither 与题目意思不符，所以 either 是正确的。
3. the other, another 的用法
the other 表示（两者中的）另一个；
another 表示（多个中的）另一个，例如:
I have two uncles. One is a policeman, the other is a doctor. 我有两个叔叔, 一个是警察，另一个是医生。
Here are three apples. One is red, another is green and the third is yellow. 这儿有三个苹果, 一个是红的, 另一个是绿的, 第三个是黄的。
4. others 和 the others 的用法
others 表示别的，另一些（人或物），不包含所有其余的； the others 表示所有其余的，例如:
After class, some students are talking with each other, others are playing games. 下课时，有些学生在互相交谈，有些在玩游戏。（可能还有一些学生在做别的事）
There are 30 students in our class. 16 are boys and the others are girls. 我们班有30位同学，16位是男生，其余都是女生。（其余指余下的14位）
典型例题
( ) She has two children. One is more talkative than _________.
A. other B. the other C. another D. others
正确答案B
解题思路 该题的意思是“她有两个孩子，一个比另一个健谈”。One…，the other …表示（两个中）
一个…另一个…，符合题意； other 本身是形容词，后面要跟名词; another 和 others 都是用于三
者或以上的范围, 所以 the other 是对的。
( ) I have got ten pencils. Two of them are red, _________ are blue.
A. others B. the other C. the others D. another
正确答案 C
解题思路 该题的意思是“我有十支铅笔，两支是红色的，其余是蓝色的”。others 表示另外的, 范围
不只是这十支铅笔; the other 和 another 都表示单数, 所以只有 the others 表示“其余的”符合题意。
5. some 和 any 的用法
some 表示一些，一般用于肯定句中；
any 表示一些，用于否定句和一般疑问句中，例如: I have some here. 我这儿有一些。
Do you have any 你有吗
注意:
（1）疑问句一般不用 some，只有当表示邀请或期待对方作出肯定回答时才能用 some，例如: Would you like some coffee 你想要来点咖啡吗
（2）some修饰可数名词单数时，不是“一些”的含义，而是“某个”，例如:
He's waiting for some friend. 他在等某个朋友。
（3）any 用于肯定句，后面修饰可数名词单数时，表示“任一”，例如:
The teacher likes any student in her class. 这位老师喜欢她班级里的每一位学生。
6. (a) few 和(a) little 的用法
few， little:几乎没有（否定语气）；
a few:一些，少数几个（肯定语气）；
a little:一点点（肯定语气）；
few， a few 指可数的事物，只能与可数名词复数搭配；
little， a little 指不可数事物，只能与不可数名词搭配，例如:
Let's buy some milk. There is little in the fridge. 我们去买些牛奶吧, 冰箱里几乎没有了。
He has a few friends. He often plays with them. 他有一些朋友, 他经常和他们一起玩。
注意: only, quite, just, still后面只能搭配a few或a little, 表示肯定语气。
7. many 和 much 的用法
many 表示许多，指可数的事物，只能与可数名词复数搭配；
much 表示许多，指不可数的事物，只能与不可数名词搭配，例如:
Would you like to have a look at my stamps I have many. 你想要看下我的邮票吗 我有很多呢。
He doesn’t know much about this company. 他对这家公司的情况了解不多。
典型例题
( ) Here are so _________ oranges. May I have _________
A. much; some B. many; few C. many;some D. few; some
正确答案 C
解题思路 该题的意思是“这里有这么多橘子，我可以吃一些吗 ” oranges是可数名词复数， much 是修饰不可数名词的，先排除 A；few表示几乎没有，意思上不符合题意，排除B和D，所以选 C。
8. some- , any- , every- 和 no-合成的不定代词
some- , any, every- 和no- 可以分别和 -thing, -body, -one 构成合成的不定代词, 下面以 -thing为例:
something 表示某事, 用于肯定句,
anything 表示某事时，用于否定句和一般疑问句；表示任何事时，可用于肯定句；
everything 表示一切事；
nothing 表示没什么, 例如:
I have something to tell you. 我有事要告诉你。
Do you have anything to say 你有话要说吗
He has nothing to say. 他无话可说。
Everything is OK with me. 我一切都还不错。
注意: 修饰合成不定代词的定语（形容词等），要放在它们的后面。例如:
Has anything interesting happened 发生了什么有趣的事
典型例题
( ) _________ happened during our trip to that mountain.
Anything terrible B. Terrible something
C. Terrible anything D. Something terrible
正确答案D
解题思路 这句话的意思是:在我们去那座山旅行期间发生了可怕的事情。这是一句肯定句，用
anything 不恰当；形容词 terrible 修饰合成不定代词时要后置，所以 D 是对的。
练习
一、将下列代词按要求归类。
I, my, me, mine, myself, your, yours, yourself, he, him, himself, she, hers, herself, itself, we, our, us, ourselves, ours, they, them, theirs, their, themselves
1.主格: _________ _________ _________ _________ _________
2.宾格: _________ _________ _________ _________
3.形容词性物主代词: _________ _________ _________ _________
4.名词性物主代词: _________ _________ _________ _________ _________
5.反身代词: _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________
答案：1. I, he, she, we, they 2. me, thin, us, them 3. my, your, our, their 4. mine, yours, hers, ours, theirs 5. myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, themselves
二、选出不同类的单词。
1.（ ）A.h B. his C. yours D. mine
2.（ ）A. we B. you C. them D. her
3.（ ）A. myself B. yourself C. themselves D. himself
4.（ ）A. its B. his C. their D. she
5.（ ）A.they B. I C. it D. your
答案：A A C D D
三、选择括号里正确的代词填空。
1. _________ (Her, Hers) gloves are more beautiful than _________ (my, mine).
2. These are _________ books. _________ are on the second shelf. (l, my, mine)
3. Look at _________ _________ can wear beautiful dresses. (they, them)
4. Let _________ (we, us) go and watch _________ (them, they).
5. Let _________ (I, me) help _________ (she, her).
6. John is standing between _________ (your, you) and _________ (she, her).
7. Who teaches _________ (they, them) English
8. May _________ (I, my) have your ticket, please
9. Let _________ (we, us) help _________ (them, they).
10. _________ (He, Him)is in the garden. _________ (He, His) is helping his dad. _________ (They, Them) are picking up the leaves. Would _________ (your, you) like to go and see _________ (them, their)
答案：1. Her ; mine 2. my ; Mine 3. them ; They 4. us ; them 5. me ; her 6. you ; her 7. them 8. I 9. us ; them 10. He ; He ; They ; you ; them
四、根据句意，用括号里单词的适当形式填空。
1. These sweet apples are for _________ (they).
2. _________ (me) watch is very old.
3. _________ (they) father is an engineer.
4. Whose pencil is on the floor Is it _________ (him)
5. Mary always believes in _________ (her).
6. We enjoy _________ (our) on Children's Day.
7. I am looking at _________ (me) in the mirror.
8. Here is _________ (you) money.
9. I have got a lovely dog. _________ (it) eyes are big.
10. Sandy and Sue, help _________ (you) to some food, please.
答案：1. them 2. My 3. Their 4. his 5. herself 6. ourselves 7. myself 8. your 9. Its 10. yourselves
五、根据句意，从方框内选出合适的单词填空，每词使用一次。
some any few a few little a little many much
1. -- Are there _________ oranges in the basket -- Yes, there are.
2. I am thirsty. May I have _________ water
3. There are _________ bananas in the basket. I want to buy some.
4. There is only _________ milk in the glass.
5. -- Is there any paper on the desk -- No, there is _________.
6. There are quite _________ cars on the street.
7. Don't eat too _________ sweets. That's bad.
8. You've got _________ money. Can I borrow some from you
答案：1. any 2. some 3. few 4. a little 5. little 6. a few 7. many 8. much
六、从方框内选出正确的疑问词填空，每词使用一次。
what, what colour, what time, which, where, when, who, whose, why, how many, how much, how old
1. -- _________ is he doing -- He's reading in his room.
2. -- _________ class are you in - I am in Class Three.
3. -- _________ is Mr. White from -- He's from Paris.
4. _________ do you get up in the morning At half past six.
5. _________ is the man over there He's my uncle.
6. _________ is your new dress It’s pink.
7. _________ do you often play football On Sunday afternoon.
8. _________ do you want to buy a new watch Because the old one doesn't work.
9. _________ people are there in your family There are four.
10. _________ is your little sister She's eleven.
11. _________ is this blue bag It's Mike’s.
12. _________ are these apples They are ten yuan in all.
答案：1. What 2. Which 3. Where 4. What time 5. Who 6. What colour 7. When 8. Why 9. How many 10. How old 11. Whose 12. How much
七、选择填空。
( )1. _________ are good friends. We often play together.
A. You, Mike and I B. Mike, you , and I C. I, you and Mike
( )2. _________ is Sunday today. _________ is a fine day.
A. Today ; This B. It ; That C. It ; It
( )3. Please give _________ some paper, please.
A. I B. us C. you
( )4. -- Is this your English book -- No, _________ book is over there.
A. mine B. his C. my
( )5. -- Is it _________ football -- No, _________ is under the table.
A. his ; he B. his ; his C. his ; hers
( )6. _________ classroom is on the first floor. _________ is on the second floor.
A. Our ; Their B. Ours ; Theirs C. Our ; Theirs
( )7. We must finish our homework by _________.
A. yourselves B. themselves C. ourselves
( )8. You can make _________ at home, Jenny
A. herself B. yourself C. yourselves
( )9. I am new here. Let me introduce(介绍) _________ to you
A. me B. I C. myself
( )10. -- What's _________ in the sky -- It's a bird.
A. this B. that C. those
( )11. -- Are _________ deer -- Yes, _________ are.
A. those ; they B. this ; it C. these ; those
( )12. Hi, Mike. _________ is Jane, my good friend.
A. She B. This C. It
( )13. The weather in Shanghai is warmer than _________ in Beijing.
A. this B. / C. that
( )14. -- _________ is the weather like today -- It's cloudy.
A. What B. How C. When
( )15.-- _________ do you like the movie -- It's wonderful.
A. What B. How C. Which
( )16. -- _________ do you watch TV -- Twice a week.
A. How often B. How many C. How long
( )17. -- _________ are you going to stay in Beijing -- For two weeks.
A. How often B. How soon C. How long
( )18. -- What's on the plate -- ____________.
A. Anything. B. Something. C. Nothing.
( )19. Is there _________ wrong with your watch
A. something B. anything C. nothing
( )20. _________ of my parents is a teacher. They _________ teach Chinese.
A. Both ; both B. Either ; either C. Either ; both
( )21. There are some trees on _________ side of the road.
A. both B. all C. either
( )22. Mr. White has two sons. One is a doctor, _________ is an engineer.
A. another B. the other C. other
( )23. Please come at _________ time. I'll show you _________ my pictures.
A. all ; any B. some ; all C. any ; all
( )24. There is a pair of gloves on the bed. Pass _________ to me.
A. them B. it C. they
( )25. Is there _________ in today's newspaper
A. something different
B. different anything
C. anything different
答案：A C B C B C C B C B A B C A B A C C B C C B C A C
八、按要求写句子。
1. There is a toy on the bed. (改成相应的复数句)
________________________________________________________
2. These are beautiful carnations. (改成相应的单数句)
________________________________________________________
3. What's in the classroom (可根据实际情况回答问题)
________________________________________________________
4. What's that （用“一只鹦鹉”进行回答）
________________________________________________________
5. Students must keep quiet in the reading room. (对画线部分提问)
________________________________________________________
6. We can borrow five books at a time. (对画线部分提问)
________________________________________________________
7. The office girl gets there by car in the afternoon. (对画线部分提问)
________________________________________________________
8. Mary does her homework at home. (对画线部分提问)
________________________________________________________
9. My grandpa usually goes for a trip during the holidays. (对画线部分提问)
________________________________________________________
10. My father is tall and thin. (对画线部分提问)
________________________________________________________
11. Mr. Xu eats less meat, because it's good for his health. (对画线部分提问)
________________________________________________________
12. My mother goes to the gym once a week. (对画线部分提问)
________________________________________________________
13. Mingming's sister goes jogging for half an hour every day. (对画线部分提问)
________________________________________________________
14. My brother and I were eleven last year. (对画线部分提问)
________________________________________________________
15. We had six lessons yesterday. (对画线部分提问)
________________________________________________________
答案：
There are some toys on the bed.
This is a beautiful carnation.
There are two blackboards in the classroom.
It’s a parrot.
What must students do in the reading room
How many books can you borrow at a time
How does the office girl get there in the afternoon
Where does Mary do her homework
When does your grandpa usually go for a trip
How does your father look / What does your father look like
Why does Mr. Xu eat less meat
How often does your mother go to the gym？
How long does Mingming’s sister go jogging every day
How old were you and your brother last year
How many lessons did you have yesterday
九、阅读短文，在横线上填入适当的代词，使意思通顺。
I have a happy family. _________ (1) father is an English teacher. _________ (2) name is Peter. _________ (3) is thirty - nine years old. He likes playing basketball. What does my mother do Is she a teacher, too Yes. My mother is very kind and nice. _________ (4) is thirty - eight years old. My mother is always hardworking. I love my parents and they love _________ (5).
答案：1. My 2. His 3. He 4. She 5. me
十、完形填空。
Miss Pink is a teacher. Her home is not far from ___1___ school. So she always walks to school in the morning every day. ___2___ morning it is very cold and windy. Miss Pink walks to school. The cold wind goes into her eyes, and big tears begin running out of her eyes. She gets to the school, opens the door and goes into the classroom. ___3___ is warm there and Miss Pink is very happy. But then a little boy looks at her for ___4___ minutes, puts ___5___ arms around her and says, "Don't cry, Miss Pink. School is not very bad. "
( ) A. she B. her C. hers
( ) A. One B. A C. It
( ) A. This B. That C. It
( ) A. little B. a little C. a few
( ) A. he B. his C. him
答案：B A C C B
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
小升初语言知识运用
代词
代词就是代替名词的词，同属名词性质。根据代词的含义、特点和在句中的作用，可以分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词等。
一、人称代词
1.人称代词不仅指人，也可指物
人称代词有主格、宾格以及单数、复数的区分，详见下表:
第一人称单数 第一人称复数 第二人称单、复数 第三人称单数 第三人称复数
主格 I you you he, she, it they
宾格 me us you him, her, it them
2.人称代词的用法
（1）主格用作主语、表语，例如:
I like sports. 我喜欢运动。(I作主语)
It was she who helped us a lot. 是她帮助了我们很多。（she 用作表语）
宾格用作宾语（用于动词和介词的后面），口语中也可用作表语，例如:
Please give me a pen. 请给我一支钢笔。（宾格 me 用于动词 give 后面）
This present is for her. 这件礼物是给她的。（宾格 her 用于介词 for 后面）
-- Who's there -- It's me. -- 谁在那里 -- 是我。（宾格 me 用作表语）
（3）人称代词的顺序
单数: you, he/she and I
复数: we, you and they, 例如:
You, she and I are in the same school. 你我她在同一所学校里。
These apples are for Mary and me. 这些苹果是给玛丽和我的。
We, you and they are all from Beijing. 我们、你们和他们都来自北京。
（4） it 的特殊用法
it 除了指“事”或“物”的它以外，还常用于指时间、天气、距离、形式主语和形式宾 语等，例如:
-- What time is it 几点了
-- It's 7 o'clock now. 现在是7点。 (it指时间)
It is a fine day today. 今天是个晴天。(it指天气)
It's about ten minutes' walk from here. 离这儿大概步行十分钟。(it指距离)
It is hard to say. 很难说。(it 作形式主语)
I think it important to keep healthy. 我认为保持健康是重要的。(it 作形式宾语)
典型例题
(1) _________ (She, Her) is friendly. We all like _________ (she, her).
正确答案 She, her
解题思路 第一句是作主语，用主格 She，第二句中作宾语，用宾格 her。
(2) _________ (I and Sandy, Sandy and I) are good friends.
正确答案 Sandy and I
解题思路 单数的人称代词顺序是 you, he/she and I。
(3) _________ (This, It) is a rainy day today.
正确答案 It
解题思路 it 的特殊用法，可以指天气。
二、物主代词
1.物主代词表示所有关系
物主代词是表示所有关系的代词。物主代词有两种 -- 形容词性物主代词和名 词性物主代词，见下表:
单数 复数
第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
形容词性物主代词 my your his, her, its our your their
名词性物主代词 mine yours his, hers, its ours yours theirs
2.物主代词的用法
（1）形容词性物主代词起形容词的作用，用来修饰名词，放在名词前，不可单独 使用，例如:
This is his football. 这是他的足球。
（2）名词性物主代词在句中起名词的作用，可以单独使用，相当于“形容词性的物主代词+名词”，例如:
Your shoes are white. Mine are black. (Mine = My shoes) 你的鞋子是白色的, 我的是黑色的。
常用的含有物主代词的固定搭配词组，例如:
on one's way （to） … 在某人去…的路上
of one's own 某人自己的
do one's homework 做(某人的)作业
to one's surprise/joy…令某人感到惊讶/高兴的是…
典型例题
(1)( ) _________ schoolbag is heavier than _________.
A. You; I B. Your; my C. Your; mine D. Yours; mine
正确答案 C
解题思路 名词 schoolbag 前应该用形容词性物主代词 your，后面应该用名词性物主代词 mine, 相
当于 my schoolbag。
(2)( )On _________ way to school, _________ saw a boy looking for _________ mother.
A. my; he; his B. mine; I; his C. my;I;him D. my;I;his
正确答案D
解题思路 on one's way to …表示“在某人去某地的路上”应选 my，后面的主语应与前面一致选I，
名词 mother 前面应该用形容词性物主代词 his。
三、反身代词
1.反身代词强调的是某人自己
反身代词共有8个: myself我自己, ourselves我们自己, yourself你自己, yourselves 你们自己, himself 他自己, herself 她自己, itself 它自己, themselves 他们自己。
2.反身代词的用法
（1）用作宾语或介词宾语，例如:
I finished the work by myself. 我自己独立完成了这项工作。
(myself 用作介词 by 的宾语, 表示"由我自己")
He often says to himself, "I believe I can! "他经常对自己说: "我相信, 我能行! "
(himself 用作动词 say 的宾语, 表示"对自己说")
（2）用作同位语, 例如:
The teacher herself will visit Peter's parents. 老师将亲自去拜访彼得的父母。
(herself 是 the teacher 的同位语)
（3）常用的反身代词的固定搭配词组，例如:
by oneself 独自
help oneself to … 随便吃…
make oneself at home 别拘束, 像在自己家一样
enjoy oneself 玩得开心
hurt oneself 弄伤自己
teach oneself 自学
say to oneself 自言自语
look at oneself in the mirror 照镜子
典型例题
( ) The old lady lives alone. She has to look after _________ at home.
A. her B. herself C. she D. hers
正确答案B
解题思路 根据句子的意思“老人独自生活，只能在家自己照顾自己”，所以选反身代词 herself。
四、指示代词
1.指示代词是表示“这个、那个、这些、那些”的指向性代词
指示代词主要有: this， that， these， those。其中 this， these 指在时间或空间上离说话人较近的人或物；that，those指在时间或空间上离说话人较远的人或物。this 和 that 指代的是单数名词， these 和 those 指代的是复数名词。
2.指示代词的用法
（1）指示代词的一般用法
①作主语，例如:
This is an apple. 这是苹果。
②作定语，用于名词前，例如:
These desks are new. 这些桌子是新的。
注意:问句中有指示代词，在回答时，要用人称代词 it 代替 this 和 that， they 代替 these 和 those，请对比:
错误: What's this on the desk This is a ruler.
正确: What's this on the desk It's a ruler.
（2）指示代词的特殊用法
①电话用语中，This is …表示 “我是 ××× 。” “Is that … 表示 “你是 ×× × 吗 ”
②that，those常用来代替前面的名词或名词词组，以免重复，例如:
The weather in winter in Shanghai is much warmer than that in Beijing.
(that 代替前面提到的 the weather in winter)
③ this 和 that 有时用于代替上文或下文中的一句话或情况，例如:
That is why I think English is important to us. 那就是我认为英语对我们来说 重要的原因。
(上文中有对英语重要性的阐述)
The wonderful song goes like this: …这首美妙的歌是这样唱的:…
（下文会出现歌词内容，或说话者直接演唱出来）
典型例题
(1)( )Look at _________ flowers in my hand. They are beautiful.
A. those B. these C. this D. that
正确答案B
解题思路 in my hand 说明距离很近, flowers 是复数, 所以选 these。
(2)( )This is Mary. Who _________ speaking
A. is that B. is it C. are you D. is there
正确答案A
解题思路 这是电话用语, Who's that speaking 表示"你是谁 "
(3)( )The desks in our classroom are more than _________ in yours.
A. these B. those C. this D. that
正确答案B
解题思路 those 代替前面的 the desks。
五、疑问代词
疑问代词主要有 which（哪一个）， who/whom（谁）， whose（谁的）， what（什么），
它们和一些疑问副词如 how， when， where， why 等用法类似，放在句首，后面跟一般疑问句
句型，构成特殊疑问句，例如:
Which do you prefer, tea or coffee 茶和咖啡, 你更喜欢哪种饮品
What colour is your new dress 你的新裙子是什么颜色的
典型例题
(1)( ) -- _________ is the blackboard
-- It's a rectangle.
A. What B. What shape C. What colour D. What size
正确答案B
解题思路 rectangle 表示的是长方形，所以选择用询问形状的疑问代词 what shape。
(2)This blue bag is Mike's. (对画线部分提问)
正确答案 Whose is this blue bag
解题思路 针对名词性的物主代词 Mike's 用 whose 提问，后面加上一般疑问句型 is this blue bag,
构成特殊疑问句。
六、不定代词
不定代词是不明确代替哪个具体名词的代词。常用的不定代词有: one，ones, both, all, either,
neither, other, another, none, each, every, some, any, many, much, (a) few, (a) little 等。还有由 some- , any, no- 和 every- 合成的不定代词。
1. one 和 ones 的用法
（1）one指人或物，表示一个或一个人。可作主语、表语、宾语、定语，例如:
One has one's own right to choose. 一个人有自己的选择权。(one 在句中作主语）
This is the one he is looking for. 这就是他在寻找的。(one 在句中作表语)
（2）one用来替代前面的单数名词，ones用来替代前面的复数名词，以避免重复，例如:
I lost my old camera; this is a new one. 我的旧相机丢了, 这是一台新的。
Red apples often taste better than green ones. 红苹果往往比青苹果好吃。
2. either, neither, both 和 all 的用法
either 指两者中的任何一个，用单数形式；
neither 两者都否定，一个都没有，用单数形式； both 两者全肯定，用复数形式；
all 指三个、三个以上的人或物，用复数形式，例如:
Either of his parents is a teacher. 他父母两人都是老师。
Neither of his parents is a teacher. 他父母两人都不是老师。
Both of his parents are teachers. 他父母两人都是老师。
All of the students are happy on Children's Day. 所有学生在儿童节都很快乐。
典型例题
(1)( ) -- Can you lend me a pen -- Sorry. I haven't got _________.
A. a pen B. one C. ones D. it
正确答案B
解题思路 该题的意思是“一你能借我一支钢笔吗 一对不起，我一支也没有。” a pen 前面提到过
的，下文应避免重复； ones 必须代替复数名词，与句中题意不符，it若要用于此，必须指前面提到的那支钢笔，与句子意思不符，所以选one。
(2)( )There are a lot of trees on _________ side of the street.
A. both B. every C. either D. neither
正确答案C
解题思路 这句话的意思是“在街道的两边（任意一边）有许多树”，both后面必 须是复数名词，而这里的 side 是单数形式，every 指三者或以上中的每一个， neither 与题目意思不符，所以 either 是正确的。
3. the other, another 的用法
the other 表示（两者中的）另一个；
another 表示（多个中的）另一个，例如:
I have two uncles. One is a policeman, the other is a doctor. 我有两个叔叔, 一个是警察，另一个是医生。
Here are three apples. One is red, another is green and the third is yellow. 这儿有三个苹果, 一个是红的, 另一个是绿的, 第三个是黄的。
4. others 和 the others 的用法
others 表示别的，另一些（人或物），不包含所有其余的； the others 表示所有其余的，例如:
After class, some students are talking with each other, others are playing games. 下课时，有些学生在互相交谈，有些在玩游戏。（可能还有一些学生在做别的事）
There are 30 students in our class. 16 are boys and the others are girls. 我们班有30位同学，16位是男生，其余都是女生。（其余指余下的14位）
典型例题
( ) She has two children. One is more talkative than _________.
A. other B. the other C. another D. others
正确答案B
解题思路 该题的意思是“她有两个孩子，一个比另一个健谈”。One…，the other …表示（两个中）
一个…另一个…，符合题意； other 本身是形容词，后面要跟名词; another 和 others 都是用于三
者或以上的范围, 所以 the other 是对的。
( ) I have got ten pencils. Two of them are red, _________ are blue.
A. others B. the other C. the others D. another
正确答案 C
解题思路 该题的意思是“我有十支铅笔，两支是红色的，其余是蓝色的”。others 表示另外的, 范围
不只是这十支铅笔; the other 和 another 都表示单数, 所以只有 the others 表示“其余的”符合题意。
5. some 和 any 的用法
some 表示一些，一般用于肯定句中；
any 表示一些，用于否定句和一般疑问句中，例如: I have some here. 我这儿有一些。
Do you have any 你有吗
注意:
（1）疑问句一般不用 some，只有当表示邀请或期待对方作出肯定回答时才能用 some，例如: Would you like some coffee 你想要来点咖啡吗
（2）some修饰可数名词单数时，不是“一些”的含义，而是“某个”，例如:
He's waiting for some friend. 他在等某个朋友。
（3）any 用于肯定句，后面修饰可数名词单数时，表示“任一”，例如:
The teacher likes any student in her class. 这位老师喜欢她班级里的每一位学生。
6. (a) few 和(a) little 的用法
few， little:几乎没有（否定语气）；
a few:一些，少数几个（肯定语气）；
a little:一点点（肯定语气）；
few， a few 指可数的事物，只能与可数名词复数搭配；
little， a little 指不可数事物，只能与不可数名词搭配，例如:
Let's buy some milk. There is little in the fridge. 我们去买些牛奶吧, 冰箱里几乎没有了。
He has a few friends. He often plays with them. 他有一些朋友, 他经常和他们一起玩。
注意: only, quite, just, still后面只能搭配a few或a little, 表示肯定语气。
7. many 和 much 的用法
many 表示许多，指可数的事物，只能与可数名词复数搭配；
much 表示许多，指不可数的事物，只能与不可数名词搭配，例如:
Would you like to have a look at my stamps I have many. 你想要看下我的邮票吗 我有很多呢。
He doesn’t know much about this company. 他对这家公司的情况了解不多。
典型例题
( ) Here are so _________ oranges. May I have _________
A. much; some B. many; few C. many;some D. few; some
正确答案 C
解题思路 该题的意思是“这里有这么多橘子，我可以吃一些吗 ” oranges是可数名词复数， much 是修饰不可数名词的，先排除 A；few表示几乎没有，意思上不符合题意，排除B和D，所以选 C。
8. some- , any- , every- 和 no-合成的不定代词
some- , any, every- 和no- 可以分别和 -thing, -body, -one 构成合成的不定代词, 下面以 -thing为例:
something 表示某事, 用于肯定句,
anything 表示某事时，用于否定句和一般疑问句；表示任何事时，可用于肯定句；
everything 表示一切事；
nothing 表示没什么, 例如:
I have something to tell you. 我有事要告诉你。
Do you have anything to say 你有话要说吗
He has nothing to say. 他无话可说。
Everything is OK with me. 我一切都还不错。
注意: 修饰合成不定代词的定语（形容词等），要放在它们的后面。例如:
Has anything interesting happened 发生了什么有趣的事
典型例题
( ) _________ happened during our trip to that mountain.
Anything terrible B. Terrible something
C. Terrible anything D. Something terrible
正确答案D
解题思路 这句话的意思是:在我们去那座山旅行期间发生了可怕的事情。这是一句肯定句，用
anything 不恰当；形容词 terrible 修饰合成不定代词时要后置，所以 D 是对的。
练习
一、将下列代词按要求归类。
I, my, me, mine, myself, your, yours, yourself, he, him, himself, she, hers, herself, itself, we, our, us, ourselves, ours, they, them, theirs, their, themselves
1.主格: _________ _________ _________ _________ _________
2.宾格: _________ _________ _________ _________
3.形容词性物主代词: _________ _________ _________ _________
4.名词性物主代词: _________ _________ _________ _________ _________
5.反身代词: _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________
二、选出不同类的单词。
1.（ ）A.h B. his C. yours D. mine
2.（ ）A. we B. you C. them D. her
3.（ ）A. myself B. yourself C. themselves D. himself
4.（ ）A. its B. his C. their D. she
5.（ ）A.they B. I C. it D. your
三、选择括号里正确的代词填空。
1. _________ (Her, Hers) gloves are more beautiful than _________ (my, mine).
2. These are _________ books. _________ are on the second shelf. (l, my, mine)
3. Look at _________ _________ can wear beautiful dresses. (they, them)
4. Let _________ (we, us) go and watch _________ (them, they).
5. Let _________ (I, me) help _________ (she, her).
6. John is standing between _________ (your, you) and _________ (she, her).
7. Who teaches _________ (they, them) English
8. May _________ (I, my) have your ticket, please
9. Let _________ (we, us) help _________ (them, they).
10. _________ (He, Him)is in the garden. _________ (He, His) is helping his dad. _________ (They, Them) are picking up the leaves. Would _________ (your, you) like to go and see _________ (them, their)
四、根据句意，用括号里单词的适当形式填空。
1. These sweet apples are for _________ (they).
2. _________ (me) watch is very old.
3. _________ (they) father is an engineer.
4. Whose pencil is on the floor Is it _________ (him)
5. Mary always believes in _________ (her).
6. We enjoy _________ (our) on Children's Day.
7. I am looking at _________ (me) in the mirror.
8. Here is _________ (you) money.
9. I have got a lovely dog. _________ (it) eyes are big.
10. Sandy and Sue, help _________ (you) to some food, please.
五、根据句意，从方框内选出合适的单词填空，每词使用一次。
some any few a few little a little many much
1. -- Are there _________ oranges in the basket -- Yes, there are.
2. I am thirsty. May I have _________ water
3. There are _________ bananas in the basket. I want to buy some.
4. There is only _________ milk in the glass.
5. -- Is there any paper on the desk -- No, there is _________.
6. There are quite _________ cars on the street.
7. Don't eat too _________ sweets. That's bad.
8. You've got _________ money. Can I borrow some from you
六、从方框内选出正确的疑问词填空，每词使用一次。
what, what colour, what time, which, where, when, who, whose, why, how many, how much, how old
1. -- _________ is he doing -- He's reading in his room.
2. -- _________ class are you in - I am in Class Three.
3. -- _________ is Mr. White from -- He's from Paris.
4. _________ do you get up in the morning At half past six.
5. _________ is the man over there He's my uncle.
6. _________ is your new dress It’s pink.
7. _________ do you often play football On Sunday afternoon.
8. _________ do you want to buy a new watch Because the old one doesn't work.
9. _________ people are there in your family There are four.
10. _________ is your little sister She's eleven.
11. _________ is this blue bag It's Mike’s.
12. _________ are these apples They are ten yuan in all.
七、选择填空。
( )1. _________ are good friends. We often play together.
A. You, Mike and I B. Mike, you , and I C. I, you and Mike
( )2. _________ is Sunday today. _________ is a fine day.
A. Today ; This B. It ; That C. It ; It
( )3. Please give _________ some paper, please.
A. I B. us C. you
( )4. -- Is this your English book -- No, _________ book is over there.
A. mine B. his C. my
( )5. -- Is it _________ football -- No, _________ is under the table.
A. his ; he B. his ; his C. his ; hers
( )6. _________ classroom is on the first floor. _________ is on the second floor.
A. Our ; Their B. Ours ; Theirs C. Our ; Theirs
( )7. We must finish our homework by _________.
A. yourselves B. themselves C. ourselves
( )8. You can make _________ at home, Jenny
A. herself B. yourself C. yourselves
( )9. I am new here. Let me introduce(介绍) _________ to you
A. me B. I C. myself
( )10. -- What's _________ in the sky -- It's a bird.
A. this B. that C. those
( )11. -- Are _________ deer -- Yes, _________ are.
A. those ; they B. this ; it C. these ; those
( )12. Hi, Mike. _________ is Jane, my good friend.
A. She B. This C. It
( )13. The weather in Shanghai is warmer than _________ in Beijing.
A. this B. / C. that
( )14. -- _________ is the weather like today -- It's cloudy.
A. What B. How C. When
( )15.-- _________ do you like the movie -- It's wonderful.
A. What B. How C. Which
( )16. -- _________ do you watch TV -- Twice a week.
A. How often B. How many C. How long
( )17. -- _________ are you going to stay in Beijing -- For two weeks.
A. How often B. How soon C. How long
( )18. -- What's on the plate -- ____________.
A. Anything. B. Something. C. Nothing.
( )19. Is there _________ wrong with your watch
A. something B. anything C. nothing
( )20. _________ of my parents is a teacher. They _________ teach Chinese.
A. Both ; both B. Either ; either C. Either ; both
( )21. There are some trees on _________ side of the road.
A. both B. all C. either
( )22. Mr. White has two sons. One is a doctor, _________ is an engineer.
A. another B. the other C. other
( )23. Please come at _________ time. I'll show you _________ my pictures.
A. all ; any B. some ; all C. any ; all
( )24. There is a pair of gloves on the bed. Pass _________ to me.
A. them B. it C. they
( )25. Is there _________ in today's newspaper
A. something different
B. different anything
C. anything different
八、按要求写句子。
1. There is a toy on the bed. (改成相应的复数句)
________________________________________________________
2. These are beautiful carnations. (改成相应的单数句)
________________________________________________________
3. What's in the classroom (可根据实际情况回答问题)
________________________________________________________
4. What's that （用“一只鹦鹉”进行回答）
________________________________________________________
5. Students must keep quiet in the reading room. (对画线部分提问)
________________________________________________________
6. We can borrow five books at a time. (对画线部分提问)
________________________________________________________
7. The office girl gets there by car in the afternoon. (对画线部分提问)
________________________________________________________
8. Mary does her homework at home. (对画线部分提问)
________________________________________________________
9. My grandpa usually goes for a trip during the holidays. (对画线部分提问)
________________________________________________________
10. My father is tall and thin. (对画线部分提问)
________________________________________________________
11. Mr. Xu eats less meat, because it's good for his health. (对画线部分提问)
________________________________________________________
12. My mother goes to the gym once a week. (对画线部分提问)
________________________________________________________
13. Mingming's sister goes jogging for half an hour every day. (对画线部分提问)
________________________________________________________
14. My brother and I were eleven last year. (对画线部分提问)
________________________________________________________
15. We had six lessons yesterday. (对画线部分提问)
________________________________________________________
九、阅读短文，在横线上填入适当的代词，使意思通顺。
I have a happy family. _________ (1) father is an English teacher. _________ (2) name is Peter. _________ (3) is thirty - nine years old. He likes playing basketball. What does my mother do Is she a teacher, too Yes. My mother is very kind and nice. _________ (4) is thirty - eight years old. My mother is always hardworking. I love my parents and they love _________ (5).
十、完形填空。
Miss Pink is a teacher. Her home is not far from ___1___ school. So she always walks to school in the morning every day. ___2___ morning it is very cold and windy. Miss Pink walks to school. The cold wind goes into her eyes, and big tears begin running out of her eyes. She gets to the school, opens the door and goes into the classroom. ___3___ is warm there and Miss Pink is very happy. But then a little boy looks at her for ___4___ minutes, puts ___5___ arms around her and says, "Don't cry, Miss Pink. School is not very bad. "
( ) A. she B. her C. hers
( ) A. One B. A C. It
( ) A. This B. That C. It
( ) A. little B. a little C. a few
( ) A. he B. his C. him
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