2023年江西中考英语复习 专题五　介词和介词短语课件(共59张PPT)

(共59张PPT)
专题五　介词和介词短语
知识导图
江西省中考八年命题规律及趋势
中考预测
从近八年江西中考来看，对介词的考查体现在完形填空中，重点考查学生在特定语境中对介词和介词短语用法的掌握情况。
介词
[考点剖析]
一、时间介词的辨析和用法
1．at、on与in
介词 用法 举例
at 某一时刻，即具体的“点” at half past ten在十点半
某个节日期间(不仅仅是当天) at the Spring Festival在春节
习惯用法和固定搭配 at last最后　at first起初
at lunch在午饭时间
at noon在中午
at night在晚上
at the age of在……岁时
at the end of在……的最后
介词 用法 举例
on 表示具体的某日(月份或星期) on September 1st 在9月1日
on Monday/weekdays在星期一/工作日
表示某个特定的上午、下午、晚上 on Friday morning在周五早上
on a cold morning在一个寒冷的早晨
具体(限定)的日子或节日的当天 on National Day在国庆节
on Children's Day在儿童节
介词 用法 举例
in 较长的一段时间(如世纪、年代、季节、月份等) in the 21st century在21世纪
in 2009在2009年
in summer在夏季
in July of 2015在2015年7月
泛指在下午、白天等 in the afternoon/day在下午/白天
固定搭配 in the future在将来
in the end最后
in a minute很快，立即
2.in、after与before
介词 用法 例句
in “in＋时间段”表示“(将来)……以后” They will finish the work in an hour.他们一个小时后将完成工作。
after 与将来时连用表示“……之后”，后接时间点 He'll come back after two o'clock.他将在两点后回来。
介词 用法 例句
after 与过去时连用表示“……之后”，后接时间段 He got back from the US after two weeks.两周后他从美国回来了。
before 表示“在……之前” Wash hands before dinner. 饭前要洗手。
二、地点、方位介词的辨析和用法
1．at、in与on
介词 用法 举例
at 用于较小的场所前(如建筑物、公共机关等) at home在家
at the station在车站
用于门牌号码前 at 403 Avenue Street在林荫街道403号
介词 用法 举例
in 用于较大的地方前(如国家、城市、乡镇、地域等) in the city在城市
in Guilin在桂林
in China在中国
在周围的环境是立体的地方 in a forest在森林里
in the classroom在教室里
介词 用法 举例
in 用于某些习语中 in the sky在天空中
in space在太空
on 与……表面相接触 on the floor在地板上
在任何广阔的面上 on the farm/moon
在农场/月球上
2.over、under、above与below
三、方式、手段或工具介词的辨析和用法
介词 用法 例句
with 接工具时，表示 “借助于，用”；接人称代词时，表示“和……一起”，作状语，表示伴随；with还可表示“带有，具有” I often do my homework with a pen.我经常用钢笔写家庭作业。
介词 用法 例句
in 表示用某种语言、墨水、颜色、颜料等，名词前不加冠词 Can you say it in English？你能用英语说吗？
Please write it in ink.请用墨水把它写下来。
介词 用法 例句
by 表示用某种方式或手段，在名词前不加冠词 This pair of shoes is made by hand.这双鞋是手工制作的。
on 表示借助、通过某一器械、机器，名词前一般加定冠词the I could do all my work on the computer.我能在电脑上完成所有的工作。
四、其他常见介词的用法
1．over “超过；遍及”
There are over two hundred people in the park.
公园里有两百多人。
My friends are over the world.我的朋友遍及世界。
2．against “反对”
He's dead against the idea.他坚决反对这个想法。
3．into “到……里”
Mr.White came into the classroom with a smile.
怀特先生面带笑容走进了教室。
4．from “从……”
We're open from 8：00 a．m.to 7：00 p．m.every day.
我们每天从早上8点营业至晚上7点。
5．for “为了，给”
Mother bought a pen for me.妈妈给我买了一支钢笔。
6．of “……的”
a map of China一幅中国地图
7．without “没有”
He often goes to work without breakfast.
他经常不吃早餐就去上班。
8．to “给；对；到；往”
give a kite to me给我一只风筝；from here to the park从这里到公园；go to school去上学
[考点抢测]
1． October 25, my father went to Shanghai on business.
A．From　　　　　　　　 B．On
C．In D．At
B
2． leaving for school in the morning, you should say goodbye to your parents.
A．Since B．From
C．Until D．Before
D
3．The library is the left of the supermarket.It's not far.
A．in B．for
C．on D．at
4．Shanghai is the east of China, and it's one of the busiest cities in the world.
A．on B．at
C．in D．to
C
C
5．I'd like to choose to go to work underground.It is very convenient for me.
A．in B．with
C．for D．by
D
6．Jack used to keep a diary with a pen.Now he keeps a diary the computer.
A．in B．on
C．with D．at
B
7．Schools and families play an important role in teaching students
the value of working hard.
A．through B．down
C．about D．without
C
8． your best friend, I think I should point out your mistakes and help you correct them.
A．Behind B．As
C．For D．To
B
9．Among all the students, he runs fastest the wind.Nobody can catch up with him.
A．like B．after
C．with D．towards
A
介词短语
[考点剖析]
介词＋名词 at home在家里；at school在学校；at noon在中午；at night在晚上；at work在工作；at sea在海上；at the same time同时；at times有时；at breakfast早餐时；at midnight在午夜；at the moment在此刻
by bus乘公共汽车；by the time到……时候；by turns轮流；by mistake错误地；by the door在门口
介词＋名词 in (the) hospital住院；in the end最后；in order整整齐齐；in no time很快；in the daytime在白天；in turn轮流；in time及时；in front在前方；in English用英语；in the future将来；in fact事实上；in person亲自
介词＋名词 on the way在路上；on Sunday在星期天；on show展出；on display陈列；on fire着火；on duty值班；on the other hand另一方面；on foot步行；on business出差；on board在船(飞机)上；on holiday在休假；on the telephone在接(打)电话；on time准时；on the left/right在左边/右边；on sale在出售/减价销售；on watch值班；on the earth在地球上
with pleasure很乐意；with one's help在某人的帮助下
be＋形容词＋介词 be amazed at对……感到惊讶；be angry with生(某人的)气；be afraid of害怕；be busy with忙于做……；be good at擅长；be full of充满；be excited about对……感到兴奋；be kind to对……和善；be interested in对……感兴趣；be famous for因……而著名；be late for迟到；be popular with受……欢迎；be pleased with对……感到满意；be proud of对……感到骄傲；be ready for为……做好准备；be satisfied with对……满意；be worried about为……担心
动词＋介词 agree with同意；ask for请求；begin with以……开始；come from来自；call at拜访；die of死于；get on/off上车/下车；fill...with用……装满；fall off从……落下；hear from收到(某人)的信；hear of听说；look at看；go to bed去睡觉；go to school去上学；look for寻找；look after照顾；listen to听；pay for付钱；point to指向；point at指着；send for派人去叫；run across碰到；talk about谈论；think about考虑；wait for等候；write to写信给……；worry about担心；laugh at嘲笑；fall behind落在……后面；knock at敲
介词＋名词＋介词 at the foot of在……脚下；on the top of在……顶端；in the middle of在……中间；in the front of在……前面；in the east of在……东部；by means of借助；at the beginning of在……开端；by the end of到……为止；at the age of在……岁时；at the head of在……前头
其他 instead of而不是(2017、T46)；because of因为，由于(2015、T38)；thanks to由于，多亏
[考点抢测]
1．As students, we should go to the museum often.We can get more knowledge from the things .
A．on show B．at first
C．in all D．by mistake
A
2．Although the man is in his eighties, he grows vegetables in his garden.
A．without doubt B．in person
C．as to D．at least
B
江西省八年真题明考法
介词的基本用法
1．(2021·江西)Many streetlights now have covers.The covers focus the light ________ the ground.
towards
2．(2019·江西)It is much more polite to say “I'm sorry.Could you say that again, please？” ______ to simply say “What？”．
3．(2017·江西)This stress sends a message to warn your brain of danger. You may not be able to jump out of the car's way soon enough ________ the stress.
than
without
[规律总结]
介词短语及固定搭配
1．(2015·江西)Food is in great need a growing of world population.
A．instead of　　　　　　 B．thanks to
C．because of D．as for
C
2．(2014·江西)Everyone wants to win.But me, the most important thing is to learn something new and have fun.
A．as for B．thanks to
C．instead of D．such as
A
[规律总结]
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2021·安徽)—Your village is really beautiful!
—Thank you. ，all the villages here have taken on a new look.
A．For example　　　　　 B．In fact
C．First of all D．As a result
B
2．(2021·山西改编)Robots will play a more important role in people's life the development of technology.
A．except for B．as for
C．because of D．next to
C
3．Although she looks very young，she is actually much older
me.
A．than B．like
C．from D．about
A
4．Can you translate the letter me？I can't understand English at all.
A．to B．with
C．for D．from
C
5．Reading the sunshine is bad for your eyes.You'd better not do that.
A．beside B．under
C．above D．behind
B
6．My hometown is a very beautiful countryside a lot of rivers and mountains.
A．in B．by
C．with D．on
C
7．Ben was helping his mother when the rain began to beat heavily
the windows.
A．against B．across
C．above D．below
A
8．My father will come back from Shanghai tomorrow.And we will pick him up the airport.
A．on B．at
C．from D．into
B
9．If you keep learning English for an hour each day，your English will become better.
A．less than B．after all
C．in time D．at least
D
10． going traveling，Kate decided to work in the community.
A．In all B．Instead of
C．Across from D．For example
11．If everything goes the plan，the first concert will be held on Tuesday evening.
A．due to B．together with
C．more than D．according to
B
D
Ⅱ.选词填空
1．(2021·昆明改编)Summer vacation is _______ the corner.You will have a great time to relax.
2．The Chinese often greet each other ____ shaking hands to show their kindness.
around
by
3．All of us helped to clean up the old people's home ________ Eric because he had a bad cold.
4．She knows that whatever she decides，her family are right _______ her.
5．We should be brave because we will face many difficulties ______ the way to success.
except
behind
along
Ⅲ.完形填空A(微语篇)
Do you enjoy eating chips They are cooked 1 potatoes.The potato firstly came 2 South America and has been eaten by people there 3 thousands of years.Today, potato is popular 4 the world. However, when it was first introduced，there were quite a bit of controversy (争议) and worries surrounding it.People think it does harm 5 their lives.
1．A.in B．by
C．at D．on
答案：B
2．A.with B．to
C．from D．for
答案：C
3．A.for B．since
C．after D．before
答案：A
4．A.during B．at
C．into D．across
答案：D
5．A.as B．on
C．to D．than
答案：C