2023年中考英语复习 第2部分 第3章 代　词课件(共73张PPT)

(共73张PPT)
第二部分 语法精讲精练
第三章 代　词
知识框架
考情分析
考点梳理
技巧点拨
中考集训
语篇训练
考点 题型
语法选择 短文填空
物主代词 2020(第35题 her) 2022(第40题 her) 2020(第74题 their)
人称代词 2021(第33题It) 2021(第66题 him)
2022(第75题 it)
不定代词 / 2020(第73题 little)
分析： 广东中考近三年均在语法选择和短文填空中考查代词， 尤其是物主代词和人称代词。
考点一　人称代词 ★★
1. 人称代词分为主格和宾格
主格 I我 you你 he他 she她 it它 we我们 you你们 they他(她、 它)们
宾格 me you him her it us you them
2. 主格和宾格的用法(句子主语用主格； 动、 介词后接宾格)
(1)主格： 在句子中只能作主语， 通常放在句子开头。
如： She was at school yesterday. 她昨天在学校。
(2)宾格： 在句子中常常作宾语， 偶尔也作表语。
①放在动词或介词后面， 作宾语。
如： My father often tells me some interesting stories. 爸爸经常给我讲一些有趣的故事。
You must look after her. 你必须照顾她。
②放在be动词后面， 作表语。
如：—Who's that 是谁呀？
—It's me. 是我。(电话用语)
(　 　)1. By this time other raindrops had seen what ____ did. One said, “If you two are doing such a good job, I shall follow！” And down it went. 【2021 广州改编】
A. you B. they C. it
(　 　)2. —Hi, Mary. Who teaches____ English
—Miss Green. ____ is my favorite teacher.
A. you; She B. your; Her C. us; He
B
A
3. 人称代词排列的口诀方法如下：
人称代词肩并肩， 排列顺序要过关； 单数人称二三一， 复数人称一二三； I词出现放后边， 表示礼貌译在前。
(　 　)3. —Peter, who will take part in the sports meeting
—____.
A. I, Tom and you B. Tom, you and I C. You, Tom and I
C
4. it的特殊用法
(1)替代刚提到过的同一事物。
如： Your schoolbag looks cool! Where did you buy it 你的书包看起来很酷！你在哪里买的？
(2)指动物、 婴儿或不明身份、 性别的人。
如： Someone is knocking at the door. Who is it 有人在敲门。是谁？
(3)指代前句或后句所述的情况。
如： Judy dreams to be an actress. She will work hard for it. 朱迪梦想成为一名演员， 她将为此而努力。
(4)用来表示天气、 时间、 距离。
如： It's quite cold in winter in Beijing. 北京冬天很冷。
(5)固定句型
①作形式主语
It is adj. for/of sb. to do sth. It takes sb. some time to do sth.
It's one's turn to do sth. It is/has been＋一段时间＋since＋从句(过去时).
It seems that… It is said/believed/reported that…
②作形式宾语
… make it adj.＋to do sth. … find/think/feel it adj.＋to do sth.
(　 　)4. ____ is difficult for me to understand the article as there are too many new words in it.
A. It B. He C. She
　A
考点二　物主代词 ★★★
1. 物主代词的形式
数 分类 单数 复数
物主代词 形容 词性 My 我的 your你的 His 他的 Her 她的 Its 它的 Our 我们的 Your 你们的 Their
他(她、 它)们的
名词性 mine Yours his hers its ours yours theirs
2. 物主代词的基本用法
分类 功能 例子 特别提示
形容词性 物主代词 作定语 Her mother is a kind-hearted doctor. 她妈妈是个仁慈的医生。 形容词性物主代词作定语， 相当于形容词
分类 功能 例子 特别提示
名词性物主代词 作主语 That is his computer. Mine doesn't work. 那是他的电脑， 我的坏了。 名词性物主代词后面不能再加名词， 但形容词性物主代词后面必须加名词。如：Her math is better than mine. 她的数学比我的好。
作宾语 Her spoken English is better than yours. 她的英语口语比你的好。
作表语 This pen is hers. Where is mine？ 这支钢笔是她的， 我的呢？
与of连用作定语 The red skirt of hers is very beautiful. 她的红裙子很漂亮。
物主代词的基本用法口诀如下：
形物代词能力差， 自己不能来当家； 句子当中作定语， 后面要把名词加。
名物代词能力强， 自己独来又独往； 句子成分主表宾， 后面名词不能加。
(　 　)5. Amy hid under ____ desk in a hurry when the earthquake happened.【2021 南京改编】
A. she B. her C. hers
(　 　)6. —Is this your watch
—No, it isn't. ____ is newer than this one. 【2021 湘西】
A. I B. My C. Mine
　B
C
3. 物主代词的特殊用法
在双重所有格中只能用名词性物主代词。
如： a friend of mine 我的一个朋友 a classmate of hers 她的一个同学
(　 　)7. The earth, the only home of ____， is now in danger. Everyone in the world should play a role in saving it.
A. yours B. hers C. ours
C
考点三　反身代词 ★★
1. 英语中有八个反身代词， 在使用时应注意和它所指的相应对象在人称、 性别、 数上保持一致。其基本形式如下：
人称 数 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
单数 myself 我自己 yourself 你自己 himself/herself/itself他/她/它自己
复数 ourselves 我们自己 yourselves 你们自己 themselves 他/她/它们自己
(1)每个反身代词都表示 “……自己”。
(2)反身代词有人称、 数的变化。
(3)反身代词在句中可作动词、 介词的宾语， 表示动作的执行者和承受者是同一个人或物。
如： I cooked myself a good meal. 我为自己做了一顿美味的饭菜。
She can look after herself. 她可以照顾自己。
(　 　)8. Mars Base 1 Camp was built in Jinchang, Gansu, to let young people experience for____.
A. themselves B. them C. it
A
2. 反身代词的习惯用法
(1)反身代词常放在动词help, teach, buy, enjoy, hurt, dress, look after, make或介词 by 后面作宾语， 构成习惯用法。
如： I teach myself English at home. 我在家自学英语。
Come in, please. Make yourself at home. 请进， 把这里当成你自己家就可以了。
Children, please help yourselves to some fish. 孩子们， 请吃一些鱼吧， 别客气。
Did you enjoy yourselves in the park yesterday 你们昨天在公园玩得开心吗？
You can't leave him by himself because he is too young. 他太小了， 你不能留下他一个人。
(2)一些常用的固定搭配
①hurt oneself弄伤自己
②say to oneself自言自语
③enjoy oneself玩得高兴； 过得愉快
④help oneself to sth. 请自用……； 随便吃/喝……
⑤teach oneself sth. /learn sth. by oneself自学
⑥look after oneself/take care of oneself 照顾自己
(　 　)9. As parents, we must ask ____： Are we listening？Are we patient enough？【2021 无锡改编】
A. us B. ourselves C. me
(　 　)10. —Take care while walking along the wet hill path (小径). You may fall and hurt ____.
—OK. Thanks for reminding me.
A. it B. your C. yourself
B
C
考点四　指示代词 ★
1. 指示代词的用法
单数 复数 用法 例子
this these 指近处的人或物 This is his football. 这是他的足球。
指下文要提到的事 What I want to say is this: Practice makes perfect. 我想说的是： 熟能生巧。
单数 复数 用法 例子
That those 指远处的人或物 Those are my uncles. 那些是我的叔叔。
指前面刚刚提过的事 I was caught in the traffic jam. That's why I was late for the meeting. 我遇到交通堵塞了， 这就是我会议迟到的原因。
为了避免重复， 常用that或those代替前文提到的名词 This camera is much cheaper than that on shelf. 这部相机比架子上的那部便宜。
The apples in the red basket are much bigger than those in the blue basket. 红色篮子里的苹果比蓝色篮子里的苹果大很多。
注意： 打电话时用this介绍自己， 用that询问对方。 如： This is Lily speaking. Who's that 我是莉莉， 您是哪位？
(　 　)11. —Look! Who's ____ girl in a red skirt over there
—Oh, she is my sister, Kate. She is ____ honest girl.
A. that; a B. this; the C. that; an
(　 　)12. —____ two boys are Mr. Green's two sons.
—Yes, I heard ____ sing English songs at the party last weekend.
A. That; they B. Those; them C. That; them
C
B
(　 　)13. —Hello, this is David. Can I speak to Tom
—Yes. ____.
A. Tom is me B. This is Tom speaking C. I am Tom
B
2. 辨析one, that, it
代词 用法 例子
one 代替泛指的可数名词； 指被替代名词的同类当中的一个， 而不是被替代词本身。其复数形式是ones I have a red bag. My best friend also has one. 我有一个红色的包， 我最好的朋友也有一个。
代词 用法 例子
that 代替前面提到的不可数名词或可数名词单数； 替代的对象与所指名词同类， 但不是同一个。其复数形式是those The weather in Harbin is colder than that in Guangzhou in winter. 在冬天， 哈尔滨的天气比广州的冷。
it 指上文提到的同一事物 This cat is white. It's lovely. 这只猫是白色的， 它很可爱。
(　 　)14. After the new high-speed railway line began operations(运行), the time on the trip from Lianyungang to Qingdao now is much less than ____ in the past.
A. one B. it C. that
C
考点五　不定代词 ★
1. 不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫作不定代词。
(1)不定代词的分类
分类 例子
普通不定代词 some/any/no
somebody/anybody/nobody/someone/anyone/no one/something/
anything/nothing
one/both/all/none
分类 例子
个体不定代词 every/each/other/another/either/neither
everybody/everyone/everything
数量不定代词 many/much/few/a few/little/a little
a lot of/lots of/plenty of
(2) 不定代词在句中充当的成分
不定代词 成分
all, each, both, either, neither, one, little, few, many, much, other, another, some, any 主语、 宾语、 表语、 定语(名词性、 形容词性)
everyone, everybody, everything someone, somebody, something anyone, anybody, anything no one, nobody, nothing 主语、 宾语、 表语(形容词性) 可以跟else, 而且可用所有格(-'s 形式)
none 主语、 宾语、 表语
every, no 定语
(　 　)15. I'll go down to show my support, if I can't do ____ more. 【2021 广州改编】
A. something B. everything C. anything
(　 　)16. —I am a little hungry, Daddy.
—See the cupcakes on the plate But you can only take ____. Dinner is ready soon.
A. it B. one C. this
C
B
2. 常用不定代词用法举例
(1)some一些， 某些， 某个； any一些， 任何， 任何一个
①some表示 “一些， 某些” 时， 修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词， 多用于肯定句， 也可用于表示希望得到肯定回答或表示建议、 请求、 命令的疑问句。
如： There are some bread and dumplings in the fridge. 冰箱里有一些面包和饺子。
Would you like some food？你想要一些食物吗？
②some还可以表示不确定的 “某一个”， 相当于a certain, 修饰单数名词。
如： He would like to go to some city in Europe. 他想去欧洲的某个城市。
③any表示 “一些” 时， 常修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词， 多用在否定句或疑问句中， 用以替代some。
如： There isn't any ink in my pen. 我的钢笔没有墨水。
④any表示 “任何一个” 时， 常修饰可数名词单数， 多用于肯定句； 表示 “任何的”， 常修饰可数名词单数和不可数名词， 多用于肯定句。
如： Any person who is interested in the competition can take part in it.
任何一个对比赛感兴趣的人都能参加。
You may come at any time. I will be home the whole day. 你任何时候来都行， 我整天都待在家里。
⑤any也可表示程度。
如： Is he any better today？他今天好一点了吗？
(2)both 两者都； either两者之中的任何一个， 这个或那个； neither 两个都不
①both指两个人或事物， 后接复数名词。both… and… 表示 “两者都”。
如： Both you and he are my friends. 你和他都是我的朋友。
②either指两者之中的任何一个， 这个或那个。作主语时， 谓语动词用单数。either… or…意为 “或者……或者……”， 连接两个主语时， 谓语遵循就近原则。
如： Either you or I am going there tomorrow. 明天要么你去那里， 要么我去那里。
③neither 是 both 的否定形式， 表示 “两个都不”。作主语时， 谓语动词用单数。neither…nor… 意为 “既不……也不……”， 当连接两个主语时， 谓语遵循就近原则。
如： Neither you nor she is good at drawing. 你和她都不擅长画画。
(　 　)17. —I'd like something to drink. What would you like, coffee or cola
—____. Milk is OK. 【2022 遂宁改编】
A. Both B. Neither C. Either
(　 　)18. Randy wrote two novels. ____ of them were made into films. I've seen them.
A. None B. Both C. Neither
B
B
(3)all全体， 所有； none 无人(无物)
①all指三个或三个以上的人或物， 意为 “全部”。
如： All people are at the meeting. 所有人都到会了。
②none和all相反， 和no one, not any同义。它代替不可数名词用作主语时， 谓语动词用单数形式； 代替可数名词用作主语时， 谓语动词用单、 复数皆可。
如： None of the problems is/are easy to solve. 这些问题没有一个是容易解决的。(用作主语， 代替可数名词)
(4)each 意为 “每个， 各自的”， 用于两者或两者以上； every 意为 “每个， 每一的， 一切的”， 用于三者或三者以上。
①each指每一个人或事物的个别情况， 甚至指这些个别情况各不相同。each作代词时， 可单独使用， 也可后接of短语； 作限定词时， 后接名词。
如： Two men came into the room. Each carried an umbrella. 两个人走进房间， 每人拿着一把伞。
Each of us has a book. 我们每个人都有一本书。
②every 意为 “每个， 每一的， 一切的”。every有 “全体” 的意思， 和all的意义相近， 只能作定语。every后必须接名词， 既不能单独使用， 也不能后接of短语。
如： There are hospitals in every town of China. 中国的每个城镇都有医院。
(　 　)19. I tried many ways, but ____ of them worked.
A. all B. each C. none
C
(5)other, another, the other, others, the others
①another另一个， 又一个 (another 后一般接可数名词单数， 但若其后的名词有数词或few修饰， 则也可以接复数名词。)
如： This shirt is too big. Can you show me another one？这件衬衣太大了， 能给我看一下另一件吗？
You will have to stay here for another five days. 你还得在这儿多待五天。(作定语， five days作为一个整体， 可以和another连用)
②the other 两者中的另一个， 其他的， 别的
the other＋可数名词单数， 表示两者中的另一者； the other＋可数名词复数， 表示特定范围内剩余的人或物。
如： I have two brothers. One is a doctor, and the other is a teacher.
我有两个兄弟， 其中一个是医生， 另一个是老师。
There are many students in the school. Some are reading books while the other students are singing.
学校有很多学生， 一些在读书， 其余的学生在唱歌。
③others＝other＋名词， 泛指另外几个或其余的人或物， 在句中可作主语、 宾语。
如： Some of us like singing and dancing, while others go in for sports. 我们中的一些人喜欢唱歌和跳舞， 另外几个喜欢体育活动。
④the others＝the other＋名词复数， 特指某一范围内剩下的所有人或物。
如： Two boys will go to the zoo, and the others will stay at home. 两个男孩将去动物园， 其余的将留在家里。
(　 　)20. Martin Evans, a Nobel Prize winner for medicine thinks that we should never give up our dream even when ____ think we are dreaming the wrong ones!
A. other B. others C. another
B
(6)many和much; few和a few; little和a little
①many 很多(可数); much 很多(不可数)
如： There are many books in our library. 我们图书馆里有很多书。
The kind lady gave away much money to the poor people. 那个善良的女士捐了很多钱给穷人。
②few 几乎没有(否定， 可数); a few 虽少但仍有一些(肯定， 可数)
如： I have a few friends in Beijing. 我在北京有一些朋友。
The problem is so hard that few students can solve it. 这个问题太难了， 很少学生可以解答它。
③little 几乎没有(否定， 不可数); a little 虽少但仍有一些(肯定， 不可数)
如： Tom, there is little meat in the fridge. Go and buy some, please. 汤姆， 冰箱里几乎没有肉了， 请去买一些。
There is still a little time, so we don't need to hurry. 还有一些时间， 所以我们不用着急。
(　 　)21. That means we can't put Bob into fresh water right away. Instead, we need to put him in a cup with ____ of the dirty water for a while. 【2022 广州改编】
A. few B. little C. a little
(　 　)22. —Can you give me some advice on how to be thinner
—Eat ____ meat and ____cakes.
A. less; less B. fewer; fewer C. less; fewer
B
C
(7)以下不定代词和形容词连用时， 应放在形容词的前面：
something 某事　somebody/someone某人　somewhere某地
anything任何事　anybody/anyone任何人　anywhere任何地方
everything每一件事　everybody/everyone每一个人 nothing没有什么　nobody没人
如： I have something important to say. 我有一些重要的事情要说。
I'd like to visit somewhere beautiful. 我想去参观一些美丽的地方。
(　 　)23. —Don't play games any more. There's ____ for you.
—OK, Mom.
A. nothing useful
B. useful anything
C. something useful
A
考点六　疑问代词 ★
1. 疑问代词用来构成疑问句， 包含下列几个：
指人： who, whom, whose; 指物： what; 既可指人又可指物： which
(　 　)24. —____ is responsible for the summer concert
—Jessie. She has a lot of experience.
A. What B. Why C. Who
C
2. 无论是作疑问代词还是限定词， which 和 what 所指的范围都不相同。
what所指的范围是无限的， 而which则指在一定的范围内。
如： Which books do you like best 你最喜欢哪几本书？
What books do you like best 你最喜欢什么样的书？
(　 　)25. —____ sport will you take part in, Peter
—The boy's 800-meter race.
A. Where B. When C. Which
C
代词与语法选择、 短文填空
(1)若空格后面接名词或名词短语， 则可推测空格处作定语， 用形容词性物主代词my/your/his/her/its/their/our。
Finally, 40 hard work paid off. 【2022 广东】
( )40. A. she B. her C. hers
解析： 空后的 “hard work” 为名词短语， 故推断前面需要用形容词性物主代词进行修饰， 故选B。
B
Workers started to build the bridge in May, 2018. 33 cost $ 2.8 million and took over two years to complete. 【2021 广东】
( )33. A. It B. Its
C. They D. Theirs
解析： 空格位于谓语cost和took前， 故空格处作主语。 根据上文可知， 指代 “the bridge”， 所以用代词It, 故选A。
(2)若空格后面接动词， 则可推测空格处为主语或形式主语， 再从前句中确定代指的主语， 选择合适的人称代词I/you/he/she/it/we/they。 注意： 考查it时， 多数情况是围绕其在固定句型中作形式主语的用法。
A
(3)若空格处位于动词后面， 则可推测空格处作宾语， 应用宾格形式me/you/him/her/it/us/them。
The first International Tea Day was on May 21st, 2020. Since then, people have celebrated 75 every year. 【2022 广东】
解析： 空格位于谓语celebrate之后， 故空格处作宾语。 根据上文可知， 此处指代 “International Tea Day”， 表达 “至此， 人们每年都庆祝国际茶节”， 故答案为it。
it
(　 　)1. I hoped the next time I would be able to clean the fish bowl all by____. 【2022 广州改编】
A. me B. mine C. myself
(　 　)2. We must clean up____classroom before going home. 【2022 重庆A卷改编】
A. ours B. us C. our
C
C
(　 　)3. —Whose camera is this Is it____？ 【2022 天津改编】
—No, it's not mine. It's____.
A. you; him B. yours; him C. yours; his
(　 　)4. Anyway, it may not have to build all those houses. Some of____can be printed. 【2022 长沙改编】
A. they B. them C. their
(　 　)5. Even if we are in Grade 9, it's necessary for____to go to bed early and get up early. 【2022 岳阳】
A. we B. us C. our
C
B
B
一、 语法选择
Thirty years ago, my life was changed. Before I had lived by 1 but one day a dog called Cookie came into my life. I fell in love with it. Though it was hard for me to add 2 mouth to feed, I never gave it a second thought.
(　 　)1. A. me B. myself C. mine
(　 　)2. A. other B. the other C. another
B
C
Cookie could quickly connect seeing my bags spread across the bed with my leaving on a trip. She was also good at showing unhappiness with 3 tail, trying to make me stay.
(　 　)3. A. she B. her C. hers
B
When I came back home and wrote my stories, she always sat next to my desk and we could have conversations about where I'd been and what I'd seen. We communicated with 4 . I often read to her where I'd been. If she turned away to start cleaning a paw (爪子), I knew I had to add 5 . Of course, she didn't understand what I was really writing. But this kind of communication with her was my ways of making up stories much better than 6 before.
(　 　)4. A. both B. neither C. each other
(　 　)5. A. something interesting B. interesting something
C. anything interesting
(　 　)6. A. this B. that C. those
C
A
C
She inspired(激发) me to make up 7 stories and became my partner in my travels. In this way, we traveled together. Some readers may think 8 is impossible to have such a relationship. However, dog owners like 9 know it's true and understand.
(　 　)7. A. much B. many C. few
(　 　)8. A. he B. she C. it
(　 　)9. A. them B. me C. her
B
C
B
Today I am still a travel writer. My heart is broken because my friend Cookie left me forever. She was like an old friend of 10 . I miss her so much and I am also thankful to her for being at my side.
(　 　)10. A. me B. myself C. mine
C
二、 短文填空
Long ago, there lived a king. He was quite lazy so his people didn't 1 him at all.
One day, the king went to a forest. After some time, he became thirsty. To 2 surprise, he came to a lake. As he drank from the lake, he saw a swan(天鹅) land on a rock nearby. “3 should catch the swan！” he thought.
like
his
I
However, the swan was gone before he could shoot. Then the king heard a voice, “I am the swan. 4 you want to catch me, you must come to heaven(天堂)．”
Surprised, the king said, “Please show 5 the way to heaven.”
“Do good things, serve 6 people and someone from heaven will come to you，” the voice answered.
If
me
your
With this in mind, the king dress like his people and went out into the streets by 7 . He tried to give 8 money to a poor old man. However, the old man was angry and said, “Do you know why I'm like this It's because of our king! He has done 9 for us.”
himself
some
nothing
Suddenly, the king heard the swan's voice. “It seems that you're doing good things only because you want to go to heaven. You must do good things for 10 from the bottom of your heart，” the swan said.
After that, he became a responsible king and realized that making his country a happy place to live was like making a heaven of his own.
others